Page last updated: 2024-08-17

levodopa and Huntington Disease

levodopa has been researched along with Huntington Disease in 98 studies

Research

Studies (98)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	70 (71.43)	18.7374
1990's	7 (7.14)	18.2507
2000's	11 (11.22)	29.6817
2010's	8 (8.16)	24.3611
2020's	2 (2.04)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Leitinger, G; Maurer, C; Radulović, S; Sunkara, S	1
Daneault, JF; Duval, C; Lee, SI; Liu, Y; Oubre, B	1
Manalo, RVM	1
Burman, J; Emami Khoonsari, P; Herman, S; Kultima, K; Landtblom, AM; Niemelä, V; Nyholm, D; Spjuth, O; Sundblom, J	1
Jankovic, J; Niemann, N	1
Deserno, L; Holl, AK; Horstmann, A; Jahanshahi, M; Mathar, D; Neumann, J; Villringer, A; Wilkinson, L	1
Barman, PK; Borah, A; Mohanakumar, KP; Pandey, M; Usha, R; Varghese, M	1
Aguilar-Venegas, LC; Espinola-Nadurille, M; Fricchione, GL; Merida-Puga, J; Ramirez-Bermudez, J	1
Duval, C; Edwards, R; Fenney, A; Jog, M; Mann, RK; Zhou, J	1
Al Hadithy, AF; Alifirova, VM; Brouwers, JR; Fedorenko, OY; Freidin, MB; Govorin, NV; Ivanova, SA; Loonen, AJ; Pechlivanoglou, P; Rudikov, EV; Semke, AV; Sorokina, VA; Wilffert, B; Zhukova, IA	1
Wurtman, RJ	1
Bernardini, S; Bonuccelli, U; Dell'Agnello, G; Gambaccini, G; Lucetti, C; Petrozzi, L; Rossi, G	1
Chen, CM; Lee-Chen, GJ; Tang, LM; Wang, CK; Wang, SC; Wu, YR	1
Brundin, P; Popovic, N	1
Defazio, G; Lamberti, P; Livrea, P; Martino, D; Zoccolella, S	1
Huot, P; Parent, A	1
Duval, C; Fenney, A; Jog, MS	1
Gardoni, F	1
Krishnappa, D	1
Itoh, H	1
Lloyd, KG; Worms, P	1
Marsden, CD	3
Tarsy, D	1
Gabreëls, FJ; Jongen, PJ; Renier, WO	1
Bird, ED; Feldman, RG; Growdon, JH; Martin, JB; Myers, RH	1
Lazzarini, A; McCormack, MK	1
Fahn, S; Jiang, D; Reches, A	1
Iadgarov, IS	1
Still, CN	1
Yung, CY	1
Frackowiak, RS; Gibbs, JM; Jones, T; Lammertsma, AA; Leenders, KL	1
Bartholini, G	2
Johnson, RT; Price, DL	1
Barbeau, A; Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Paulson, GW	1
Ambrosoli, C; Armocida, G; Finavera, L; Majeron, MA; Quisi, Q	1
Gerber, JC; Grossman, MH; Hare, TA; Katz, L; Manyam, NV	1
Albizzati, MG; Bassi, S; Frattola, L; Spano, PF; Trabucchi, M	1
Propert, DN	1
Fahn, S	1
Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Perlik, S	1
Bates, M	1
Esteban, A; Giménez-Roldán, S; Mateo, D	1
Caraceni, T; Cocchi, D; Giovannini, P; Martinez-Campos, A; Müller, EE; Parati, EA; Zanardi, P	1
Destée, A; Fossati, P; Petit, H; Warot, P	1
Kottow, MH	1
Brooks, DJ; Weeks, RA	1
Perlmutter, JS; Racette, BA	1
Andrews, TC; Brooks, DJ; Chaudhuri, KR; Clough, C; Hu, MT; Reuter, I	1
Peschanski, M	1
Hickey, MA; Morton, AJ; Reynolds, GP	1
Dill, RE; Dorris, RL; Phillips-Thonnard, I	1
Donatelli, L	1
Lloyd, KG	1
Danielczyk, W	1
Carolei, A; Del Castillo, G	1
Cotzias, GC; Mena, I; Mendez, JS; Papavasiliou, PS	1
Moskowitz, MA; Wurtman, RJ	1
Chase, T; Shoulson, I	1
Michaelides, DN	1
Yahr, MD	1
Gerstenbrand, F; Gründig, E; Weiss, J	1
Klawans, H	1
Sishta, SK; Templer, DI	1
Klawans, HL; Weiner, WJ	1
Abbruzzese, G; Albano, C; La Medica, G; Loeb, C; Roccatagliata, G	1
Chase, TN	2
Leijnse-Ybema, HJ; Tan, BK; Zee, MF	1
Barbeau, A	1
Tolosa, ES	1
Lamprecht, F	1
Chiodini, PG; Cocchi, D; Lacatelli, V; Liuzzi, A; Mantegazza, P; Müller, EE; Oppizzi, G; Panerai, AE; Silvestrini, F	1
Sears, ES	1
Carolei, A; Palladini, G	1
Goetz, C; Klawans, HL; Nausieda, PA; Weiner, WJ	1
Casey, DE	1
Caine, E; Carter, AC; Ebert, M; Kartzinel, R	1
Barkhatova, VP; Insarova, NG; Ivanova-Smolenskaia, IA; Markova, ED	1
Carlson, HE; Goodlett, RE; Hershman, JM; Levy, CL; Sowers, JR; Tourtellotte, WW	1
Caraceni, T; Cocchi, D; Müller, EE; Panerai, AE; Parati, EA	1
Calne, DB; Eisler, T	1
Cler, JM; Mathé, JF; Venisse, JL	1
Angelberger, P; Brücke, T; Deecke, L; Küfferle, B; Müller, C; Podreka, I; Topitz, A; Wenger, S	1
Lindvall, B; Olsson, JE	1
Labruyere, J; Olney, JW; Price, MT; Stewart, GR; Wang, GJ; Zorumski, CF	1
Bergen, M; Hening, WA; McHale, D; Sage, JI; Walters, AS	1
Kanazawa, I	1
Klawans, HL	1
Fog, R	1
Wexler, NS	1
Agid, Y; Bonnet, AM; De Smet, Y; Grove, J; Saint-Hilaire, MH; Schechter, PJ; Tell, G	1
Martin, WR	1
Holland, OB; Kennedy, B; Lake, CR; Murphy, D; Ziegler, MG	1
Hemphill, M	1
Freemon, FR	1

Reviews

33 review(s) available for levodopa and Huntington Disease

Article	Year
Digging Deeper: Advancements in Visualization of Inhibitory Synapses in Neurodegenerative Disorders. International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, Nov-18, Volume: 22, Issue:22 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Brain; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Memantine; Microscopy, Electron; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinson Disease; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrabenazine	2021
Juvenile parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis, genetics, and treatment. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2019, Volume: 67 Topics: Adolescent; alpha-Synuclein; Antiparkinson Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Deep Brain Stimulation; Diagnosis, Differential; DiGeorge Syndrome; Dystonic Disorders; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Parkinsonian Disorders; Protein Deglycase DJ-1; Protein Kinases; Spinocerebellar Ataxias; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Young Adult	2019
Therapeutic potential of controlled drug delivery systems in neurodegenerative diseases. International journal of pharmaceutics, 2006, May-18, Volume: 314, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diffusion; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Drug Stability; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Microspheres; Nerve Growth Factor; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinsonian Disorders; Polymers; Solubility	2006
Hyperhomocysteinemia in movement disorders: Current evidence and hypotheses. Current vascular pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Dopamine Agents; Dystonia; Homocysteine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Levodopa; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Prospective Studies	2006
Dopaminergic neurons intrinsic to the striatum. Journal of neurochemistry, 2007, Volume: 101, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Haplorhini; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Mice; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Phenotype; Rats; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	2007
MAGUK proteins: new targets for pharmacological intervention in the glutamatergic synapse. European journal of pharmacology, 2008, May-06, Volume: 585, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Chronic Disease; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Glutamic Acid; Guanylate Kinases; Humans; Huntington Disease; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Levodopa; Membrane Proteins; Pain; Protein Subunits; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Stroke; Synapses	2008
Drug-induced tardive dyskinesia. Current developments in psychopharmacology, 1981, Volume: 6 Topics: Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Psychotic Disorders; Racial Groups; Sex Factors	1981
Neuropharmacological actions of GABA agonists: predictability for their clinical usefulness. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1981, Volume: 29 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Brain Chemistry; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Muscular Diseases; Schizophrenia	1981
Movement disorders with neuroleptic drug treatment. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Receptors, Dopamine; Time Factors; Tourette Syndrome	1984
Involuntary movement disorders. Neurologic clinics, 1984, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Chorea; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Meige Syndrome; Movement Disorders; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease	1984
A review of clinical trials of lithium in neurology. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1984, Volume: 21 Suppl 1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cluster Headache; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Headache; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hyperkinesis; Levodopa; Lithium; Meniere Disease; Migraine Disorders; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Sleep Wake Disorders; Torticollis	1984
Positron emission tomography of the brain: new possibilities for the investigation of human cerebral pathophysiology. Progress in neurobiology, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia; Epilepsy; Fluorine; Forecasting; Homeostasis; Humans; Huntington Disease; Isotopes; Levodopa; Mental Disorders; Models, Biological; Neurology; Oxygen Radioisotopes; Parkinson Disease; Radioisotopes; Receptors, Drug; Reference Values; Respiration; Tomography, Emission-Computed	1984
GABA system, GABA receptor agonists and dyskinesia. Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry, 1983, Volume: 21 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Cholinergic Fibers; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, GABA-A	1983
Presymptomatic detection of Huntington's disease. The Medical journal of Australia, 1980, Jun-14, Volume: 1, Issue:12 Topics: Genetic Carrier Screening; Genetic Counseling; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Testing; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neurologic Examination; Psychological Tests; Risk	1980
Presymptomatic and early detection in Huntington's disease. Annals of neurology, 1980, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Blood Platelets; Electrodiagnosis; Evoked Potentials; Eye Movements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genetic Carrier Screening; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Monoamine Oxidase; Movement; Neurologic Examination; Psychological Tests; Serotonin	1980
Growth hormone secretion in neurological disorders. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1981, Volume: 28 Topics: Benserazide; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinson Disease	1981
Positron emission tomography and central neurotransmitter systems in movement disorders. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Dopamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Opioid; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Tourette Syndrome	1994
Neurotransmitter interactions related to central dopamine neurons. Essays in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology, 1978, Volume: 3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Central Nervous System; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Mental Disorders; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parkinson Disease; Serotonin	1978
[Recent neurobiological and related pharmaco-therapeutic acquisitions in Huntington's chorea]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1979, Sep-30, Volume: 90, Issue:6 Topics: Amphetamine; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Butyrophenones; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Kainic Acid; Levodopa; Lithium; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenothiazines; Sympatholytics; Tetrabenazine	1979
Catecholamines and neurologic diseases (second of two parts). The New England journal of medicine, 1975, Aug-14, Volume: 293, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Brain Diseases; Catecholamines; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dopamine; Dysautonomia, Familial; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Phenylketonurias; Seizures; Spinal Cord Injuries; Torticollis; Tourette Syndrome	1975
The neuropharmacology of abnormal involuntary movement disorders (the dyskinesias). Modern trends in neurology, 1975, Volume: 6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Butyrophenones; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Phenothiazines; Serotonin; Tourette Syndrome; Tranquilizing Agents	1975
Levodopa. Annals of internal medicine, 1975, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Benserazide; Drug Interactions; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Melanoma; Parkinson Disease; Pituitary Function Tests	1975
Amine precursors in neurologic disorders and the psychoses. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1975, Volume: 54 Topics: Acetylcholine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Nerve Degeneration; Parkinson Disease; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Psychotic Disorders	1975
The pharmacology of choreatic movement disorders. Progress in neurobiology, 1976, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholine; Acute Disease; Amphetamine; Chorea; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hyperthyroidism; Levodopa; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Movement Disorders; Serotonin	1976
Recent developments in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea. International journal of neurology, 1976, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Biogenic Amines; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease	1976
Epilepsy and schizophrenia: a neurochemical bridge. Journal of neural transmission, 1977, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Amphetamine; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Butyrophenones; Disulfiram; Dopamine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Epilepsy; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neurocognitive Disorders; Phenothiazines; Phenytoin; Receptors, Dopamine; Schizophrenia	1977
Deanol in the management of involuntary movement disorders: a review. Diseases of the nervous system, 1977, Volume: 38, Issue:12 Pt 2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Deanol; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Ethanolamines; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Neurological; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Physostigmine; Research Design; Time Factors	1977
The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease. The Medical clinics of North America, 1979, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Athetosis; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Caudate Nucleus; Chorea; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Administration Schedule; Dystonia; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Haloperidol; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Tic Disorders	1979
[Model of choreic movement in monkey--contribution for understanding the mechanism of chorea in Huntington's disease]. Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals, 1990, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Haplorhini; Huntington Disease; Kainic Acid; Levodopa	1990
Chorea. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1987, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Suppl Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Chorea; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Reserpine; Serotonin; Somatostatin; Substance P	1987
Genetic jeopardy and the new clairvoyance. Progress in medical genetics, 1985, Volume: 6 Topics: Age Factors; Attitude to Health; Counseling; DNA, Recombinant; Family; Genetic Carrier Screening; Genetic Counseling; Genetic Markers; Humans; Huntington Disease; Interpersonal Relations; Levodopa; Patient Education as Topic; Physician-Patient Relations; Prejudice; Quality Control; Risk; Time Factors; Truth Disclosure	1985
Positron emission tomography in movement disorders. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1985, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dystonia; Glucose; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Oxygen Consumption; Parkinson Disease; Synapses; Tomography, Emission-Computed	1985
Serotonergic mechanisms and extrapyramidal function in man. Advances in neurology, 1974, Volume: 5 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Carbidopa; Cerebellar Diseases; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Down Syndrome; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Fenclonine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Imipramine; Levodopa; Muscular Diseases; Paralysis; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Probenecid; Reserpine; Serotonin; Spinal Cord Diseases; Tetrabenazine; Time Factors	1974

Trials

6 trial(s) available for levodopa and Huntington Disease

Article	Year
Amantadine in Huntington's disease: open-label video-blinded study. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2002, Volume: 23 Suppl 2 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hyperkinesis; Levodopa; Male; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Time Factors	2002
A review of clinical trials of lithium in neurology. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1984, Volume: 21 Suppl 1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cluster Headache; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Headache; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hyperkinesis; Levodopa; Lithium; Meniere Disease; Migraine Disorders; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Sleep Wake Disorders; Torticollis	1984
Caffeine and the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa or piribedil. Neurology, 1975, Volume: 25, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Caffeine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Piperazines; Piribedil	1975
Sodium valproate in Huntington's chorea. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 1976, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Middle Aged; Valerates; Valproic Acid	1976
Studies on the anti-dyskinesia effect of apomorphine in man. Neurologia, neurocirugia, psiquiatria, 1976, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Apomorphine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Huntington Disease; Injections, Intravenous; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders	1976
Neuroendocrine function in Huntington's disease: dopaminergic regulation of prolactin release. Life sciences, 1978, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Carbidopa; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Prolactin; Time Factors	1978

Other Studies

60 other study(ies) available for levodopa and Huntington Disease

Article	Year
A Kinematic Data-Driven Approach to Differentiate Involuntary Choreic Movements in Individuals With Neurological Conditions. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2022, Volume: 69, Issue:12 Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Chorea; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease	2022
Cytosolic non-vesicular dopamine accumulation as the predominant mechanism for developing non-DOPA responsive parkinsonism in late-stage Huntington disease. Medical hypotheses, 2019, Volume: 132 Topics: Animals; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Disease Progression; Dopamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Mitochondria; Movement; Movement Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinsonian Disorders	2019
Alterations in the tyrosine and phenylalanine pathways revealed by biochemical profiling in cerebrospinal fluid of Huntington's disease subjects. Scientific reports, 2019, 03-11, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Phenylalanine; Thyroxine; Tyrosine	2019
The role of dopamine in positive and negative prediction error utilization during incidental learning - Insights from Positron Emission Tomography, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 2017, Volume: 90 Topics: Aged; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Learning; Levodopa; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Raclopride; Reinforcement, Psychology; Ventral Striatum	2017
Striatal dopamine level contributes to hydroxyl radical generation and subsequent neurodegeneration in the striatum in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats. Neurochemistry international, 2009, Volume: 55, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Convulsants; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Inhibitors; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyl Radical; Lameness, Animal; Levodopa; Male; Mitochondria; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotoxins; Nitro Compounds; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxidative Stress; Propionates; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	2009
Westphal variant Huntington disease and refractory catatonia: a case report. Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, 2011, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Carbidopa; Catatonia; Combined Modality Therapy; Dopamine Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa	2011
Comparing movement patterns associated with Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's dyskinesia. Experimental brain research, 2012, Volume: 218, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antiparkinson Agents; Case-Control Studies; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Electromyography; Entropy; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Forearm; Functional Laterality; Human Body; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Parkinson Disease	2012
NMDA receptor genotypes associated with the vulnerability to develop dyskinesia. Translational psychiatry, 2012, Jan-10, Volume: 2 Topics: Age of Onset; Alleles; Antiparkinson Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dyskinesias; Gene Expression; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Long-Term Care; Motor Cortex; Movement Disorders; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia	2012
Personalized medicine strategies for managing patients with parkinsonism and cognitive deficits. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2013, Volume: 62 Suppl 1 Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Alzheimer Disease; Antiparkinson Agents; Biomarkers; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Frontotemporal Dementia; Genetic Markers; Genetic Testing; Glucosylceramidase; Humans; Huntington Disease; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; Levodopa; Lewy Body Disease; Mutation; Parkinson Disease; Precision Medicine; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases	2013
Markedly asymmetrical parkinsonism as a leading feature of adult-onset Huntington's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Alleles; Antiparkinson Agents; Carbidopa; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Combinations; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinsonian Disorders; Pedigree; Severity of Illness Index	2004
Short-term variability in amplitude and motor topography of whole-body involuntary movements in Parkinson's disease dyskinesias and in Huntington's chorea. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2008, Volume: 110, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Arm; Cohort Studies; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Leg; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Posture; Thorax; Time Factors	2008
Juvenile variant of Huntington's chorea. An expression of disturbed neurotransmission. The Medical journal of Australia, 1984, Jan-07, Volume: 140, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Muscle Rigidity; Synaptic Transmission	1984
Basal ganglia disease. Lancet (London, England), 1982, Nov-20, Volume: 2, Issue:8308 Topics: Basal Ganglia Diseases; Dopamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Models, Biological; Movement Disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease	1982
Seven cases of Huntington's disease in childhood and levodopa induced improvement in the hypokinetic--rigid form. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 1980, Volume: 82, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Infant; Levodopa; Male; Muscle Rigidity	1980
False-negative results with levodopa for early detection of Huntington's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1982, Aug-26, Volume: 307, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; False Negative Reactions; Female; Genetic Carrier Screening; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male	1982
Attitudes of those at risk for Huntington's disease toward presymptomatic provocative testing. The New England journal of medicine, 1982, Nov-25, Volume: 307, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Attitude; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Risk	1982
Normal erythrocyte uptake of L-DOPA in Parkinson's, Huntington's, and related diseases. Neurology, 1983, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Biological Transport; Erythrocytes; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neuromuscular Diseases; Parkinson Disease	1983
[Circadian rhythm of catecholamine excretion, effect of L-DOPA and Nacom in various diseases of the nervous system]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1983, Volume: 83, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbidopa; Catecholamines; Drug Combinations; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Dystrophies; Nervous System Diseases; Neurotic Disorders; Parkinson Disease	1983
Chronic neurological diseases: their societal burdens and potential solutions. Journal of chronic diseases, 1980, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Ataxia; Axons; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Dopamine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Immunoglobulin G; Levodopa; Motor Neurons; Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson Disease	1980
Levodopa and presymptomatic detection of Huntington's disease--eight-year follow-up. The New England journal of medicine, 1980, May-08, Volume: 302, Issue:19 Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa	1980
[Attempted direct etiological treatment of Huntington's chorea. Case reports]. Minerva medica, 1980, Apr-21, Volume: 71, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bromocriptine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Middle Aged; Piperazines; Piribedil	1980
Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurologic disorders. Archives of neurology, 1980, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Brain Chemistry; Cerebellar Diseases; Creatine Kinase; Dementia; Diet; Encephalitis; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hypoxia; Levodopa; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscular Dystrophies; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Tissue Preservation	1980
Treatment of dyskinetic and dystonic disorders with CF 25-397: clinical and pharmacological aspects. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1980, Volume: 23 Topics: Aged; Carbidopa; Dystonia; Ergolines; Female; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease	1980
Levodopa provocative test for Huntington's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1980, Oct-09, Volume: 303, Issue:15 Topics: Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa	1980
Ethics of provocative test for Huntington's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1981, Jan-15, Volume: 304, Issue:3 Topics: Ethics, Medical; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa	1981
Early detection of Huntington's disease. Blink reflex and levodopa load in presymptomatic and incipient subjects. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1981, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blinking; Carbidopa; Child; Ethics, Medical; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors	1981
[Huntington's chorea and somatotropic hormone: dynamic explorations in 27 cases (author's transl)]. Revue neurologique, 1981, Volume: 137, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arginine; Bromocriptine; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Growth Hormone; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Dopamine; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors	1981
Ethical aspects of plans to combat Huntington's disease--a response. Journal of medical ethics, 1981, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Disclosure; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Patient Advocacy; Risk Assessment; Truth Disclosure	1981
Levodopa responsive parkinsonism in an adult with Huntington's disease. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 65, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antiparkinson Agents; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Pedigree	1998
Late onset levodopa responsive Huntington's disease with minimal chorea masquerading as Parkinson plus syndrome. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Chorea; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Treatment Outcome; Trinucleotide Repeats	2000
[10 years of substitution therapy for neurodegenerative diseases using fetal neuron grafts: a positive outcome but with questions for the future]. Journal de la Societe de biologie, 2001, Volume: 195, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Cells, Cultured; Combined Modality Therapy; Cricetinae; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Forecasting; France; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Rabbits; Rats; Species Specificity; Stem Cell Transplantation; Swine; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Transplantation, Heterologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Treatment Outcome	2001
The role of dopamine in motor symptoms in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Journal of neurochemistry, 2002, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Methamphetamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Activity; Spatial Behavior; Survival Rate	2002
A pharmacologic model of Huntington's chorea. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 28, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Catheterization; Clozapine; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperidol; Huntington Disease; Hydrazines; Levodopa; Male; Phentolamine; Rats; Trifluoperazine; Tyramine	1976
[The Cools and van Rossum theory and the pharmacology of Huntington's chorea]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1977, Jun-15, Volume: 81, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Brain; Cats; Dopamine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ergonovine; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Rats; Sulpiride; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	1977
[Acute pharmacotoxic psychoses in patients with chronic cerebral disorders]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift. Supplement, 1979, Volume: 55 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson Disease; Psychoses, Substance-Induced	1979
[Potential therapeutic activity of GABA-mimetic drugs in neuropsychiatry]. Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie, 1979, Volume: 125, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Bicuculline; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Epilepsy; Extrapyramidal Tracts; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Limbic System; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinson Disease; Psychopharmacology	1979
Diphenylhydantoin. Blocking of levodopa effects. Archives of neurology, 1975, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Manganese Poisoning; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Phenytoin; Receptors, Adrenergic	1975
The effects of levodopa in chronic progressive hereditary chorea (Huntington's chorea): case report. Military medicine, 1975, Volume: 140, Issue:11 Topics: Catecholamines; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous	1975
[The activity of aminotransferases in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases (author's transl)]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1975, Dec-12, Volume: 87, Issue:23 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Craniocerebral Trauma; Friedreich Ataxia; Guanidines; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Penicillins; Phenylketonurias; Transaminases	1975
Levodopa in Huntingtons chorea. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1976, May-08, Volume: 114, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Behavior; Drug Administration Schedule; Electroencephalography; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Probenecid	1976
Levodopa and Huntington's chorea. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1976, Volume: 39, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Serotonin	1976
Rational approaches to the pharmacotherapy of chorea. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1976, Volume: 55 Topics: Acetylcholine; Chorea; Dopamine; Drug Evaluation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Norepinephrine; Serotonin	1976
Role of dopaminergic receptors in the regulation of growth hormone secretion. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1977, Volume: 16 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Bromocriptine; Dextroamphetamine; Dopamine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways; Prolactin; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine; Time Factors	1977
Therapeutics of disordered movement. American family physician, 1977, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Carbidopa; Chorea; Drug Administration Schedule; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Dopamine; Tremor	1977
[Neuropathological and biochemical aspects and possibilities in the pharmacological treatment of Huntington's chorea]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1977, Sep-15, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Binding Sites; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Serotonin	1977
Recent advances in the biochemical pharmacology of extrapyramidal movement disorders. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1977, Volume: 90 Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, Dopamine; Stereotyped Behavior; Synapses; Tranquilizing Agents	1977
[Clinical picture and treatment of Parkinson-like syndromes of hereditary etiology]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1978, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration; Parkinson Disease	1978
Growth hormone and prolactin secretion in Huntington's disease. Life sciences, 1979, Feb-19, Volume: 24, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Apomorphine; Chlorpromazine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Prolactin; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Time Factors	1979
Growth hormone hyperresponsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation in Huntington's chorea. Neuroendocrinology, 1979, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Apomorphine; Bromocriptine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Dopamine	1979
[Therapeutic use of tiapride in movement disorders]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1978, Volume: 54, Issue:13-16 Topics: Benzamides; Chorea; Chronic Disease; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease	1978
Dopamine D2 receptor imaging with SPECT: studies in different neuropsychiatric disorders. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 1991, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzamides; Brain Diseases; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Huntington Disease; Iodine Radioisotopes; Levodopa; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Stereoisomerism; Tissue Distribution; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon	1991
Monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in patients with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, Shy-Drager syndrome, and torsion dystonia. Advances in neurology, 1990, Volume: 53 Topics: Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Enkephalin, Methionine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Levodopa; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parkinson Disease; Shy-Drager Syndrome; Somatostatin	1990
Excitotoxicity of L-dopa and 6-OH-dopa: implications for Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Experimental neurology, 1990, Volume: 108, Issue:3 Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Chick Embryo; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Hippocampus; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Retina	1990
A blinded study of the suppressibility of involuntary movements in Huntington's chorea, tardive dyskinesia, and L-dopa-induced chorea. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1990, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Chorea; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease; Videotape Recording	1990
The effect of dopamine antagonists in spontaneous and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology. Supplementum, 1985, Volume: 2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Receptors, Dopamine; Tourette Syndrome	1985
Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1987, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carnosine; Dipeptides; Female; Friedreich Ataxia; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease	1987
The effects of dopamine agonists on human cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous systems. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1985, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Apomorphine; Blood Pressure; Bromocriptine; Cardiovascular System; Catecholamines; Dopamine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Pulse; Sympathetic Nervous System	1985
Pretesting for Huntington's disease: an overview. The Hastings Center report, 1973, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Costs and Cost Analysis; Disclosure; Ethics, Medical; Genetic Counseling; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Michigan; Stress, Psychological	1973
Pretesting for Huntington's disease: another view. The Hastings Center report, 1973, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Ethics, Medical; Fear; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Stress, Psychological; Time Factors	1973
Drug treatment of diseases characterized by abnormal movements. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1973, Volume: 66, Issue:9 Topics: Chorea; Diazepam; Ethanol; Haloperidol; Humans; Huntington Disease; Levodopa; Movement Disorders; Myoclonus; Phenothiazines; Propranolol; Reserpine; Tetrabenazine; Tic Disorders; Torticollis; Tourette Syndrome; Tremor	1973