leupeptins and Epilepsy--Temporal-Lobe

Although the pathogenesis and epileptogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) have been studied for years, many questions remain. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one factor that might regulate ion channels, inflammation and neuron excitability. Nedd4-2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase linked with ion channels and synaptic vesicle recycling. Here, we explore the role of the UPS and its E3 ligase Nedd4-2 in the pathogenesis of MTLE. Our western blot results revealed that ubiquitin and Nedd4-2 were expressed differentially in different stages of MTLE. Co-immunoprecipitation and double immunostaining results indicated that Nedd4-2 was the substrate protein of ubiquitin both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of the UPS aggravated the epileptogenesis of MTLE, causing early and frequent spontaneous seizures, more obvious neuron loss and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting. Inhibition of ubiquitin also enhanced the activation of Nedd4-2, and switched ion channel α-ENaC downstream. Our study is the first to report that the UPS participates in the pathogenesis of MTLE, inhibition of UPS could aggravate the epileptogenesis, and that Nedd4-2 is a critical E3 ligase involved in this process.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antimanic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Immunoprecipitation; Leupeptins; Lithium Chloride; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; Neurons; Pilocarpine; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Small Interfering; Time Factors; Transfection; Ubiquitin; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitins