leptin and Sleep-Disorders--Circadian-Rhythm

Lack of sleep and increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have all been suggested as factors contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.. To evaluate whether objectively measured sleep duration (average and day-to-day variability) as well as parent-reported sleep problems are independently associated with proposed dietary risk factors for overweight and obesity in 8-11-year-old children.. In this cross-sectional study, data on sleep duration and day-to-day variability in sleep duration were measured in 676 Danish, apparently healthy children by an objective measure (actigraphy) for 8 nights, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was filled out by the parents. Diet was recorded using a web-based food record for 7 consecutive days. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measurements of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels.. Sleep duration (h per night) was negatively associated with energy density (ED) of the diet (β = -0.32 kJ g(-1)), added sugar (β = -1.50 E%) and SSBs (β = -1.07 E%) (all P ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, variability in sleep duration (10-min per night) was positively associated with SSBs (β = 0.20 E%, P = 0.03), independent of sleep duration, and CSHQ score was positively associated with ED (β = 0.16 kJ g(-1), P = 0.04). All of these associations were independent of potential confounders (age, sex, pubertal status, height, weight, screen time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and parental education and ethnicity).. Our study suggests that short sleep duration, high sleep duration variability and experiencing sleep problems are all associated with a poor, obesity-promoting diet in children.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Beverages; Blood Glucose; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Sucrose; Energy Intake; Fasting; Feeding Behavior; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Leptin; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Surveys and Questionnaires

Shift work and long hours of work are common in medical training and have been associated with a higher propensity for developing nutritional problems and obesity. Changes in leptin and ghrelin concentrations - two hormones that contribute importantly to the central regulation of food intake - are poorly described in this population. The aim of this study was to identify possible negative associations between sleep patterns, nutritional status and serum levels of adipokines. The study included 72 resident physicians (52 women and 20 men) who underwent the following assessments: nutritional assessment (3-day dietary recall evaluated by the Adapted Healthy Eating Index), anthropometric variables, fasting metabolism, physical activity level, sleep quality and sleepiness. Resident physicians with poor sleep quality reported greater weight gain after the beginning of residency (5.1 and 3.0 kg, respectively; p = 0.01) and higher frequency of abnormal waist circumference (44.2 and 17.6%, respectively; p = 0.04) than those with better sleep quality. Mean ghrelin concentration was greater in volunteers with poor sleep quality (64.6 ± 67.8 and 26.2 ± 25.0 pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.04). Women identified as having excessive daytime sleepiness had lower levels of leptin (9.57 ± 10.4 ng/mL versus 16.49 ± 11.4 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.03) than those without excessive sleepiness. Furthermore, correlations were found between hours of additional work per week and: intake of cereals, bread and pasta (r = 0.22, p = 0.01); intake of servings of fruits (r = -0.20; p = 0.02) and beans (r = -0.21; p = 0.01); and global score for Adapted Healthy Eating Index (r = -0.23; p = 0.008; Table 3). The sleep quality total score correlated with servings of beans (r = -0.22; p = 0.01) and servings of oils (r = 0.23; p = 0.008). Significant correlations were found between mean of time of sleep and servings of cereals, bread and pasta (r = 0.20; p = 0.02), servings of meat (r = -0.29; p = 0.02) and cholesterol levels (r = 0.27; p = 0.03). These observations indicate that sleep patterns and long working hours of resident physicians are negatively associated with biological markers related to central food control, the lipid profile, cholesterol levels and eating healthy foods. These factors may predispose these shift workers to become overweight and develop metabolic disorders.

Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Biomarkers; Brazil; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Internship and Residency; Leptin; Male; Metabolome; Nutritional Status; Occupational Health; Overweight; Sleep; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Work Schedule Tolerance; Workload

Recent epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have demonstrated important links between sleep duration and architecture, circadian rhythms, and metabolism, although the genetic pathways that interconnect these processes are not well understood. Leptin is a circulating hormone and major adiposity signal involved in long-term energy homeostasis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin deficiency leads to impairments in sleep-wake regulation. Male ob/ob mice, a genetic model of leptin deficiency, had significantly disrupted sleep architecture with an elevated number of arousals from sleep [wild-type (WT) mice, 108.2 +/- 7.2 vs. ob/ob mice, 148.4 +/- 4.5, P < 0.001] and increased stage shifts (WT, 519.1 +/- 25.2 vs. ob/ob, 748.0 +/- 38.8, P < 0.001) compared with WT mice. Ob/ob mice also had more frequent, but shorter-lasting sleep bouts compared with WT mice, indicating impaired sleep consolidation. Interestingly, ob/ob mice showed changes in sleep time, with increased amounts of 24-h non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (WT, 601.5 +/- 10.8 vs. ob/ob, 669.2 +/- 13.4 min, P < 0.001). Ob/ob mice had overall lower body temperature (WT, 35.1 +/- 0.2 vs. ob/ob, 33.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C, P < 0.001) and locomotor activity counts (WT, 25125 +/- 2137 vs. ob/ob, 5219 +/- 1759, P < 0.001). Ob/ob mice displayed an attenuated diurnal rhythm of sleep-wake stages, NREM delta power, and locomotor activity. Following sleep deprivation, ob/ob mice had smaller amounts of NREM and REM recovery sleep, both in terms of the magnitude and the duration of the recovery response. In combination, these results indicate that leptin deficiency disrupts the regulation of sleep architecture and diurnal rhythmicity.

Topics: Animals; Arousal; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Electroencephalography; Leptin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Activity; Obesity; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Sleep Stages; Wakefulness

Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Leptin; Mice; Mice, Obese; Motor Activity; Obesity; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm