leptin and Progeria

Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Liver; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogonadism; Lamin Type A; Leptin; Lipase; Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized; Male; Progeria; Treatment Outcome

This study identified the prevalence of menarche and coincident sexual characteristics in female adolescents with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS).. Data were examined to determine the prevalence of menarche in female adolescents older than 12 years; all were participants in clinical trials between 2007 and 2016.. Pediatric hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.. Fifteen female adolescents, median age 15 (range, 12.0-20.3) years with a confirmed diagnosis of HGPS.. Report of menarche, anthropometric and serum hormonal measures, Tanner pubertal staging, and body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.. Nine of 15 (60%) participants reported spontaneous menarche at a median age of 14.4 years (range, 12.0-16.5 years). In those experiencing menarche vs not, median age was older (16.5 vs 13.6 years; P = .02), whereas body mass index did not differ (10.5 vs 10.4; P = .53) nor percentage body fat (19.4% vs. 19.3%; P = .98) or serum leptin levels (0.40 vs 0.40 ng/mL; P = .23). Among those who achieved menarche, 2 of 9 (22%) had Tanner II breast development and 2 of 9 (22%) exhibited Tanner II Pubic hair, all reflecting minimal pubertal development. Only early signs of puberty were similarly seen in the non-menstruating group, including 1 of 6 (17%) with Tanner II breasts and 2 of 6 (33%) with Tanner II pubic hair, and Tanner staging did not differ between those who reported menarche vs those who did not (each P = 1.0). None of the participants achieved Tanner IV or V thelarche over the course of the study.. Menarche was achieved in more than half of adolescent girls with HGPS, in the setting of little to no physical signs of pubertal development and minimal body fat.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Boston; Child; Female; Humans; Leptin; Progeria; Puberty; Sexual Maturation; Young Adult

Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome due to mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamina proteins, lamins A/C (LMNA) or prelamin A processing enzyme, and zinc metalloproteinase (ZMPSTE24).. The aim of the study was to investigate the underlying genetic and molecular basis of the phenotype of a 7-yr-old girl with MAD belonging to a consanguineous pedigree and with severe progeroid features and lipodystrophy.. The patient developed mandibular hypoplasia during infancy and joint stiffness, skin thinning, and mottled hyperpigmentation at 15 months. Progressive clavicular hypoplasia, acroosteolysis, and severe loss of hair from the temporal and occipital areas were noticed at 3 yr. At 5 yr, cranial sutures were still open and lipodystrophy of the limbs was prominent. GH therapy from the ages of 3-7 yr did not improve the short stature. Severe joint contractures resulted in abnormal posture and decreased mobility. We studied her skin fibroblasts for nuclear morphology and immunoblotting and determined the in vitro effects of various pharmacological interventions on fibroblasts.. LMNA gene sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation, c.1579C>T, p.Arg527Cys. Immunoblotting of skin fibroblast lysate with lamin A/C antibody revealed no prelamin A accumulation. Immunofluorescence staining of the nuclei for lamin A/C in fibroblasts revealed marked nuclear morphological abnormalities. This abnormal phenotype could not be rescued with inhibitors of farnesyl transferase, geranylgeranyl transferase, or histone deacetylase.. Severe progeroid features in MAD could result from LMNA mutation, which does not lead to accumulation of prenylated lamin A or prelamin A.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Amino Acid Substitution; Anthropometry; Blotting, Western; Cell Nucleus; Child; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Fibroblasts; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Insulin; Lamin Type A; Leptin; Lipodystrophy; Mandible; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mutation; Progeria; Skinfold Thickness