leptin and Periodontal-Diseases

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the response to periodontal treatment differs among obese, overweight or normal-weight patients.. Both randomized and non-randomized studies were identified from searches up to July 2013. Risk of bias was assessed with the Downs-Black checklist, the Cochrane tool and the GRADE framework. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random-effects meta-analyses in subgroups for systemically healthy and diabetic patients.. A total of 15 studies including 867 patients were included. No significant difference was found for any clinical periodontal parameter between overweight/obese and normal-weight patients. Periodontal treatment in systemically healthy overweight/obese patients was associated with higher decrease in TNFα levels (1 study) and higher decrease in HbA1c levels (1 study) compared to systemically healthy normal-weight patients. Contrary to diabetic normal-weight patients, periodontal treatment in diabetic overweight/obese patients was associated with an increase in adiponectin levels (2 studies) and a decrease in leptin levels (2 studies). However, the quality of existing evidence is low due to inconsistency, imprecision and lack of studies.. Whereas no difference was found in clinical periodontal parameters, significant differences in inflammatory or metabolic parameters were found between overweight/obese and normal-weight patients, but existing evidence is weak.

Topics: Adiponectin; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Leptin; Obesity; Overweight; Periodontal Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

It is generally accepted that obesity is associated with many other multiple-risk factor syndromes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontal disease. The number of obese people is increasing rapidly in both western and eastern countries. Adipocytes in the adipose tissues of obese people produce large quantities of biologically active molecules such as leptin, an important molecule regulating energy expenditure and body weight. Therefore, adipocyte-derived active molecules, named adipocytokines, are candidate molecules accounting for the close association between obesity and other multiple-risk factor syndromes. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is produced by adipocytes, and its blood concentration is elevated in obese patients and declines with weight loss. Studies have demonstrated that TNF-alpha suppresses insulin action via its specific receptor; hence, it exacerbates insulin resistance. In addition to adipocytes, monocytes/macrophages produce large quantities of TNF-alpha. Thus, TNF-alpha, produced from monocytic cells due to inflammatory diseases, may have an additive influence on insulin sensitivity to adipocyte-derived TNF-alpha. Here, we hypothesized that 1) TNF-alpha produced by the adipose tissues of obese patients acts as a risk factor for periodontal inflammation, and 2) TNF-alpha produced due to periodontal inflammation may be an additional important factor influencing insulin sensitivity in both obese and type 2 diabetic patients. We believe that this interaction is a possible mechanism accounting for a 2-way relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.

Topics: Adipocytes; Cytokinins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Macrophages; Monocytes; Obesity; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Syndrome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Poor periodontal health is known to be associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This relationship and underlying mechanisms are discussed elsewhere in this issue. Less is known concerning the link between the metabolic precursors to DM, including insulin resistance (IR), and its possible association with periodontitis. Indeed, there has been relatively little research to date in human populations concerning periodontal disease, IR, and the subsequent risk of chronic diseases, including DM. This paper will present an epidemiologist's view of how IR may link periodontal disease with DM and suggest several avenues of investigation to help clarify some of the outstanding issues.

Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Epidemiologic Methods; Forecasting; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glucose Tolerance Test; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Models, Biological; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Research Design; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and destruction.. Establish the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis (. The cross-sectional study evaluated 124 FDR and 124 healthy controls (HC). The clinical examination included joint and radiographic evaluation and calculation of BMI. Serum adipokine levels were measured (leptin, vaspin, adiponectin, resistin, and adipsin), as were the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Investigations were performed to detect. In FDR, serum adipokine levels were associated with overweight and the presence of

Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Complement Factor D; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Leptin; Periodontal Diseases; Resistin

The present study is undertaken to assess any possible association between obesity and periodontal diseases among Saudi women in Asir region.. A total number of 100 obese subjects in the age group between 16 and 35 years participated in the study. A questionnaire which consisted of anthropometric measurements [neck circumference (NC) ≥ 34 cm for women] and demographic features was used. Periodontal status was assessed for the subjects.. The periodontal disease shows significant association with anthropometric measurements (NC ≥ 34 cm for women) and demographic features.. The findings of this prospective study showed possible relationship between obesity and periodontal disease.. In view of changing lifestyle with dietary habits, there is a possibility of developing obesity. The results in this research show a direct relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases by measuring body mass index (BMI) and NC in the age group of 16 to 35 years females in Saudi Arabia. Thus, it helps in preventing and managing obesity, especially among youth.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cetrimonium Compounds; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Myristates; Neck; Nicotinic Acids; Obesity; Periodontal Diseases; Prospective Studies; Saudi Arabia; Simethicone; Stearic Acids; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

Osteoporosis is associated with widespread periodontitis and impaired periodontal healing. However, there is a lack of information about the outcomes of regenerative approaches under the influence of osteoporosis. This study investigates the effect of leptin (LEP) overexpression on the regenerative potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in an osteoporotic rat periodontal fenestration defect model.. Rat BMSCs were transfected with adenoviruses harboring the human (h)LEP gene. Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. A β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold seeded with transfected cells was implanted into nude mice to investigate ectopic osteogenesis and into an osteoporotic rat defect to study periodontal regeneration. Regenerated periodontal and bone-like tissues were analyzed by histologic methods.. hLEP overexpression induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs as evidenced by the upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes such as Runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen Type I, as well as increased ALP activity and enhanced mineralization. Mice implanted with hLEP-BMSC-containing scaffolds showed more extensive formation of bone-like tissue than those in other groups. Periodontal defects were also filled to a greater degree when treated with hLEP-BMSCs and contained cementum and a well-organized periodontal ligament after 10 and 28 days.. hLEP overexpression in BMSCs can stimulate periodontal regeneration in osteoporotic conditions and might be a promising strategy for periodontal regeneration in patients with osteoporosis.

Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Calcium Phosphates; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Coculture Techniques; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Leptin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteoporosis; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tissue Scaffolds; Transfection

Recent studies point to the clinical utility of using peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) as a valuable diagnostic aid for monitoring peri-implant tissue health. The objectives of this study are to determine the levels of key biomarkers in PISF in periodontal maintenance participants and compare them with their corresponding levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) obtained from the same participants.. PISF and GCF were collected from an implant and a contralateral natural tooth after the clinical examination of 73 participants. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using multiplex proteomic immunoassays. The correlation of biomarker concentrations between GCF versus PISF, within GCF or PISF, and with several covariates (age, brushing frequency, days since professional cleaning, probing depth [PD], and plaque index) were also determined.. Significantly higher levels of IL-17A (P = 0.02) and TNF-α (P = 0.03) were noted in PISF when compared with their levels in GCF. Significant positive correlations were noted between the concentrations of cytokines in PISF versus their levels in GCF. Among the covariates, a significant positive correlation was noted between mean PDs around implants and levels of IL-1β (P <0.05) and IL-8 (P <0.05) in PISF.. The results of this study point to the differential expression of specific biomarkers in GCF versus their levels in PISF in periodontal maintenance patients, which is critical information before establishing PISF as a diagnostic fluid to monitor peri-implant health.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Prophylaxis; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Toothbrushing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to provide a comparative evaluation of clinical periodontal measurements, together with serum levels of certain bioactive peptides and inflammatory cytokines, in relation to obesity. For this purpose, clinical periodontal measurements and the levels of serum leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 of obese female individuals and their nonobese counterparts were compared.. Sixty obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30) and 31 nonobese (BMI < 30) female subjects were recruited for the present study. Before any periodontal intervention, serum samples were obtained and full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at six sites per tooth. ELISA was used for the biochemical analysis. Data were tested statistically.. Clinical attachment level was significantly higher in the obese group compared with the nonobese control group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of leptin and IL-6 were significantly higher in the obese group (p < 0.05). BMI correlated with the serum levels of inflammatory molecules (p < 0.05), but not with clinical periodontal parameters, in the obese group.. In conclusion, obesity does not seem to have a prominent effect on clinical periodontal parameters but it does have many correlations with circulating inflammatory molecules. As suggested in the literature, increased levels of leptin and IL-6 in the obese group might be one explanation for a possible relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. A prospective study is warranted to clarify, in greater detail, the effects of obesity on periodontal health.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Obesity; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Smoking; Waist-Hip Ratio