leptin and Oligomenorrhea

The objective was to investigate whether the associations between leptin, adiponectin, andadiposity reported in classic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are also observed in elderly women with a novel putative postmenopausal PCOS phenotype. We studied 713 postmenopausal community-dwelling women. Diagnosis of the novel phenotype required the presence of ≥3 diagnostic features including: 1) a personal history of oligomenorrhea; 2) history of infertility or miscarriage; 3) current or past clinical or hormonal evidence of hyperandrogenism; 4) central obesity; 5) biochemical evidence of insulin resistance. Women in the control group had ≤2 of these components. Mean age (±SD) was 74±8 years for the study cohort. Sixty-six women (9.3%) had the putative PCOS phenotype. Serum leptin was higher (mean 25.70±15.67 vs 14.94+9.89 ng/mL, P<.01) and adiponectin lower (mean 11.72±4.80 vs 17.31±7.45 μg/mL, P<.01) in cases vs controls. Leptin was positively, and adiponectin inversely, associated with an increasing number of phenotype features (P<.01 for linearity). In age-adjusted regression analysis, adjustment for waist circumference eliminated the association between leptin and the PCOS phenotype, but not the association between adiponectin and the PCOS phenotype. In this novel postmenopausal PCOS phenotype, adipocytokine profiles and their associations with adiposity parallel those reported in younger women with classic PCOS. These results support our hypothesis that a putative phenotype analogous to PCOS can be identified in postmenopausal women using clinical and biochemical criteria. Use of this novel phenotype could provide a basis for studies of the delayed consequences of PCOS in older women.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Infertility, Female; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal; Oligomenorrhea; Phenotype; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Postmenopause; Premenopause

Our aim was to compare physical activity and biochemical markers with bone mineral acquisition in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers.. Weight, height, body mass index, nutritional intake, bone age and menstrual histories were analyzed in nine rhythmic gymnasts, twelve ballet dancers and fourteen controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, hip and radius. Bone alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen I (PNIP) in serum and urinary alpha-isomer of the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (alpha-CTX) were measured.. Bone age was delayed 2 years and mean age at menarche was 15+/-0.9 years in rhythmic gymnasts and 13.7+/-1 years in ballet dancers, compared with 12.5+/-1 years in controls. Trocanteric and femoral neck BMD was significantly higher in rhythmic gymnasts compared with ballet dancers and controls. Right forearm (non-loaded zone) BMD was significantly decreased in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers compared with controls. All subjects had normal bAP and PNIP levels, but the alpha-CTX/creatinine (Cr) ratio was increased in rhythmic gymnasts (P<0.001) with an inverse correlation between right forearm BMD and the alpha-CTX/Cr ratio (r=-0.74, P<0.001). Serum leptin levels were decreased in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers. Rhythmic gymnasts had a positive correlation between right forearm BMD and leptin levels (r=0.85, P<0.001).. Decreased bone mass in rhythmic gymnasts could be partially explained by an increase in bone resorption. Serum leptin levels could be implicated in the pubertal delay and be a good marker of bone mass in these subjects.

Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Dancing; Female; Gymnastics; Humans; Leptin; Lumbar Vertebrae; Menarche; Oligomenorrhea; Puberty

To establish whether initial screening characteristics of normogonadotropic anovulatory infertile women can aid in predicting live birth after induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC).. Prospective longitudinal single-center study.. Specialist academic fertility unit.. Two hundred fifty-nine couples with a history of infertility, oligoamenorrhea, and normal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations who have not been previously treated with any ovulation-induction medication.. 50, 100, or 150 mg of oral CC per day, for 5 subsequent days per cycle.. Conception leading to live birth after CC administration.. After receiving CC, 98 (38%) women conceived, leading to live birth. The cumulative live birth rate within 12 months was 42% for the total study population and 56% for the ovulatory women who had received CC. Factors predicting the chances for live birth included free androgen index (testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin ratio), body mass index, cycle history (oligomenorrhea versus amenorrhea), and the woman's age.. It is possible to predict the individual chances of live birth after CC administration using two distinct prediction models combined in a nomogram. Applying this nomogram in the clinic may be a step forward in optimizing the decision-making process in the treatment of normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility. Alternative first line of treatment options could be considered for some women who have limited chances for success.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Amenorrhea; Clomiphene; Ejaculation; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infertility, Female; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Leptin; Male; Odds Ratio; Oligomenorrhea; Ovulation; Ovulation Induction; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Probability; Retrospective Studies; Sperm Count; Treatment Outcome