leptin and Goiter

To evaluate the prevalence of goiter and nodular disease in patients with class III obesity, and to correlate results with serum leptin levels and insulin resistance (IR) parameters.. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess thyroid ultrasound (US) patterns, HOMA-IR, serum leptin, and TSH levels in obese patients and controls.. Thyroid volume was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.240, p = 0.039) and with HOMA-IR (r = 0.329; p < 0.01). Thyroid US patterns were similar between groups. However, when data from the male group was considered, greater thyroid volume was detected in the obese group compared with controls (10.8 vs. 8.5 cm³; p = 0.04). Also, nodules were more frequently detected (67% vs. 18%), as were nodules requiring FNAB (33.3% vs. 0%, p ≥ 0.05-0.09), in this group.. Although IR did not correlate directly with the presence of nodules, the results support the hypothesis of a direct association between insulin resistance and thyroid volume.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Goiter; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Prevalence; Thyroid Nodule; Thyrotropin

Leptin, adiponectin and resistin, mainly produced by adipocytes, play a major role in body weight regulation. Disturbances in the maintenance of normal body weight are found to occur also in thyroid diseases. There is a close relationship of the changes in thyroid hormones with the contents of adipose tissue and adipocyte-secreted proteins regulating energetic metabolism in the body. The study objective was to analyze the levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in children with untreated Graves' disease, subclinical hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in children with simple goiter. The study involved 78 patients with Graves' disease (29 girls and 2 boys, aged 6-21 years, mean 15.2) and with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (30 girls and 2 boys, aged 9-18 years, mean 14.5). The control group consisted of adolescents with simple goiter (13 girls and 2 boys, aged 9-18 years, mean 14.8). The levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin were determined using the ELISA method (R&D System, USA). Patients with untreated Graves' disease showed higher adiponectin level than the patients with hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in simple goiter (14.24 +/- 0.89 vs. 9.18 +/- 2.65, 10.15 +/- 2.5, p < 0.007, p < 0.01), but lower resistin level as compared to simple goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (10.24 +/- 5.2 vs. 13.29 +/- 3.8, 12.2 +/- 2.8, p < 0.01, NS). The analysis of leptin levels revealed no significant differences between children with subclinical hypothyroidism and untreated Graves' disease (4.42 +/- 0.87 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.45 NS). In conclusion, we suggest that disturbances in thyroid hormones in thyroid diseases have an essential effect on the levels of adiponectin and resistin released by adipose tissue.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Goiter; Graves Disease; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Leptin; Male; Resistin; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thyroid Hormones; Young Adult

The aim of this survey was to assess the correlation between leptin and insulin sensitivity (IS) in cases of diffuse toxic goiter.. This is a descriptive study on patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) assessing their body mass index (BMI), serum leptin concentrations, circulating insulin (area under the curve (AuC) of insulin), average insulin level, thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glycemia and IS (using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and the homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) before and after euthyroidism induced with metimazol.. The average patient age was 35 years old (range 31-40 years), height was 157 cm (range 151-160 cm), glycemia was 4.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L and TSH 0.1 +/- 0.1 microU/mL. Average leptin level was 11.3 +/- 2.8 ng/dL, the average insulin level was 10.13 +/- 3.7 mIU/mL and the AuC for insulin was 50.6 +/- 18 microIU x min/mL. No correlation was found between leptin and BMI, thyroid hormones and glycemia. While controlling for the BMI effect, a correlation was found between leptin and TSH (r = -0.77, p = 0.042), as well as between leptin and insulinemia (r = 0.93, r2 = 0.86, p = 0.001) independently from the state of thyroid function. There was a tendency for a high correlation between leptin and the insulin AuC (hyperthyroidism: r = 0.89, p = 0.056; euthyroidism: r = 0.99, p = 0.056). A negative correlation was found between IS and the insulin AuC (rho = -0.58, p = 0.18). There was a high tendency for correlation between leptin and IS when the BMI effect (HOMA-IR: r = 0.70, p = 0.12; PHE: r = -0.55, p = 0.26) was taken into consideration.. There is a high tendency for a negative correlation between leptin and IS when the BMI effect is controlled. There is a high tendency for a positive correlation between leptin and insulin and TSH.

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Goiter; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin