leptin and Carcinoma--Non-Small-Cell-Lung

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among health professionals in the three most affected regions in Cameroon.. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional type. Participants were health care professionals working in the three chosen regions of Cameroon. The non_probability convinient sample technique and that of the snowball were valued via a web questionnaire. The non-exhaustive sample size was 292. The diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made by the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale).. Les auteurs rapportent que le secteur médical est classé à un plus grand risque de contracter le COVID-19 et de le propager potentiellement à d’autres. Le nombre sans cesse croissant de cas confirmés et suspects, la pression dans les soins, l’épuisement des équipements de protection individuelle et le manque de médicaments spécifiques peuvent contribuer à un vécu anxio-dépressif significatif. La présente étude s’est donnée pour ambition d’évaluer la prévalence des symptômes de l’anxiété et de la dépression chez les professionnels de santé dans les trois Régions les plus concernées au Cameroun.. Le choix des trois Régions du Cameroun se justifie non seulement par le fait qu’elles totalisent 95,8 % des cas de coronavirus au pays depuis le début de la pandémie, mais aussi parce qu’elles disposent de plus de la moitié des personnels de santé (56 %). Il s’agit d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique. Les participants sont des professionnels de la santé en service dans les Régions du Centre, Littoral et de l’Ouest du Cameroun. La méthode d’échantillonnage non probabiliste de convenance couplée à celle de boule de neige via un web questionnaire a été adoptée. La collecte des données a duré du 5 au 19 avril 2020, intervalle de temps après lequel on n’avait plus eu de répondants. À la fin de cette période, la taille de l’échantillon non exhaustive était de 292 professionnels. Le diagnostic de l’état anxio-dépressive était posé via l’échelle de HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). Dans le HAD, chaque réponse cotée évalue de manière semi-quantitative l’intensité du symptôme au cours de la semaine écoulée. Un score total est obtenu ainsi que des scores aux deux sous-échelles : le score maximal est de 42 pour l’échelle globale et de 21 pour chacune des sous-échelles. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach est de 0,70 pour la dépression et de 0,74 pour l’anxiété. Certains auteurs après plusieurs travaux ont proposé qu’une note inférieure ou égale à 7 indique une absence d’anxiété ou de dépression ; celle comprise entre 8 et 10 suggère une anxiété ou une dépression faible à bénigne ; entre 11 et 14, pour une anxiété ou une dépression modérée ; enfin, une note comprise entre 15 et 21 est révélatrice d’une anxiété sévère. Le logiciel Excel 2013 et Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 ont été utilisés pour les traitements statistiques. Les liens entre les variables ont été considérées significatifs pour une valeur de. L’amélioration des conditions de travail et notamment la fourniture d’équipement de protection, la mise en place des cellules spéciales d’écoute pour le personnel de santé pourraient être proposées.. Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of. During a mean follow-up period of 25.6 ± 13.9 months, 38 (18.4%) VAs and 78 (37.7%) end-stage events occurred. Big ET-1 was positively correlated with NYHA class (. In primary prevention ICD indication patients, plasma big ET-1 levels can predict VAs and end-stage events and may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.. Beyond age, cognitive impairment was associated with prior MI/stroke, higher hsCRP, statin use, less education, lower eGFR, BMI and LVEF.. These data demonstrate that even a short period of detraining is harmful for elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, since it impairs physical performance, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.. Exposure to PM. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is reduced after PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF. Our findings suggest that this is related to a decrease in cardiac vagal tone. Whether and how this affects the clinical outcome including exercise capacity need to be determined.. BDNF and leptin were not associated with weight. We found that miR-214-5p exerted a protective role in I/R injured cardiac cells by direct targeting FASLG. The results indicated that the MGO injection reduced all CCl. The hepatoprotective effects of MGO might be due to histopathological suppression and inflammation inhibition in the liver.. OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by. PF trajectories were mainly related to income, pregestational BMI, birth weight, hospitalisation due to respiratory diseases in childhood, participant's BMI, report of wheezing, medical diagnosis and family history of asthma, gestational exposure to tobacco and current smoking status in adolescence and young adult age.. In chronic pain patients on opioids, administration of certain benzodiazepine sedatives induced a mild respiratory depression but paradoxically reduced sleep apnoea risk and severity by increasing the respiratory arousal threshold.. Quantitative measurements of sensory disturbances using the PainVision. The serum level of 20S-proteasome may be a useful marker for disease activity in AAV.. The electrophysiological data and MD simulations collectively suggest a crucial role of the interactions between the HA helix and S4-S5 linker in the apparent Ca. Invited for the cover of this issue are Vanesa Fernández-Moreira, Nils Metzler-Nolte, M. Concepción Gimeno and co-workers at Universidad de Zaragoza and Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The image depicts the reported bimetallic bioconjugates as planes directing the gold fragment towards the target (lysosomes). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002067.. The optimal CRT pacing configuration changes during dobutamine infusion while LV and RV activation timing does not. Further studies investigating the usefulness of automated dynamic changes to CRT pacing configuration according to physiologic condition may be warranted.

Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acrylic Resins; Actinobacillus; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Advance Care Planning; Africa, Northern; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Albendazole; Aluminum Oxide; Anastomosis, Surgical; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Androstadienes; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Viral; Anticoagulants; Antihypertensive Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antiporters; Antiviral Agents; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Aromatase Inhibitors; Asian People; Astrocytes; Atrial Fibrillation; Auditory Threshold; Aurora Kinase B; Australia; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Autotrophic Processes; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial Proteins; Beclin-1; Belgium; Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Benzhydryl Compounds; beta Catenin; beta-Arrestin 2; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biofilms; Biofuels; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomass; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Biosynthetic Pathways; Bismuth; Blood Platelets; Bone and Bones; Bone Regeneration; Bortezomib; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium Phosphates; Cannabis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cariostatic Agents; Case Managers; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Cation Transport Proteins; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cecropia Plant; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Self Renewal; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Reprogramming; Cellulose; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical Phenomena; Chemokines; Chemoradiotherapy; Chemoreceptor Cells; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; China; Chlorogenic Acid; Chloroquine; Chromatography, Gas; Chronic Disease; Clinical Competence; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Cochlea; Cohort Studies; Color; Comorbidity; Computer Simulation; Computer-Aided Design; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contrast Media; COP-Coated Vesicles; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Coturnix; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Culex; Curriculum; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Cytotoxins; Databases, Factual; Deep Learning; Delivery, Obstetric; Denitrification; Dental Caries; Denture, Complete; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; DNA; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA, Mitochondrial; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dopaminergic Neurons; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Design; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dry Powder Inhalers; Dust; E2F1 Transcription Factor; Ecosystem; Education, Nursing; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Electric Impedance; Electricity; Electrocardiography; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endothelial Cells; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Europe; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Exosomes; Feasibility Studies; Female; Ferricyanides; Ferrocyanides; Fibrinogen; Finite Element Analysis; Fistula; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorides, Topical; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Fluticasone; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Foods, Specialized; Forensic Medicine; Frail Elderly; France; Free Radicals; Fresh Water; Fungi; Fungicides, Industrial; Galactosamine; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Glucose; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Glucosides; Glutamine; Glycolysis; Gold; GPI-Linked Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Graphite; Haplotypes; HCT116 Cells; Healthy Volunteers; Hearing Loss; Heart Failure; Hedgehog Proteins; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hepatocytes; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histone Deacetylases; Homeostasis; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydantoins; Hydrazines; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hydroxylamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Incidence; Indazoles; Indonesia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Insecticides; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insurance, Health; Intention to Treat Analysis; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; Interleukin-6; Intrauterine Devices; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Iron; Ischemia; Jordan; Keratinocytes; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kir5.1 Channel; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Laparoscopy; Lasers; Lasers, Semiconductor; Lenalidomide; Leptin; Lethal Dose 50; Levonorgestrel; Limit of Detection; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Lipogenesis; Lipopolysaccharides; Liquid Biopsy; Liver; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Longevity; Lung Neoplasms; Luteolin; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Macaca fascicularis; Macrophages; Mad2 Proteins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mammary Glands, Human; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Materials Testing; Maternal Health Services; MCF-7 Cells; Medicaid; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanoma; Membrane Proteins; Mental Health; Mercury; Metal Nanoparticles; Metals, Heavy; Metformin; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Microalgae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microglia; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; 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Prostatic Neoplasms; Proteasome Inhibitors; Protective Agents; Protein Binding; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein Transport; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Psychiatric Nursing; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyrimethamine; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Recombinational DNA Repair; Recovery of Function; Regional Blood Flow; Renal Dialysis; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Rhodamines; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger; Running; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Salinity; Salmeterol Xinafoate; Sarcoma; Seasons; Shoulder Injuries; Signal Transduction; Silicon Dioxide; Silver; Sirtuin 1; Sirtuins; Skull Fractures; Social Determinants of Health; Sodium; Sodium Fluoride; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Spain; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcal Protein A; Staphylococcus aureus; Stem Cells; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptomyces; Strontium; Structure-Activity Relationship; Students, Nursing; Substance-Related Disorders; Succinic Acid; Sulfur; Surface Properties; Survival Rate; Survivin; Symporters; T-Lymphocytes; Temozolomide; Tensile Strength; Thiazoles; Thiobacillus; Thiohydantoins; Thiourea; Thrombectomy; Time Factors; Titanium; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Tobacco Use Disorder; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toluene; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Transcriptional Activation; Treatment Outcome; Troponin I; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Escape; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrosine; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination; Ultrasonic Waves; United Kingdom; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Up-Regulation; Urea; Uric Acid; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urine; Urodynamics; User-Computer Interface; Vemurafenib; Verbenaceae; Veterans; Veterans Health; Viral Load; Virtual Reality; Vitiligo; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Xylenes; Young Adult; Zinc; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Sulfate; Zoonoses

In this study, we analyzed the association between serum leptin levels and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). By examining English and Chinese databases, we identified potential relevant studies for statistical analysis. Human-associated case-control studies evaluating the association between serum leptin levels and NSCLC according to the random-effect model were retrieved and extracted data were statistically analyzed. We identified 7 case-control studies evaluating the correlation between serum leptin levels and NSCLC, which included 705 subjects (390 NSCLC patients and 315 healthy participants). Negative associations were investigated between serum leptin levels and NSCLC [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13-1.79, P = 0.023). Ethnicity-stratified analysis revealed there was no elevated leptin serum levels in NSCLC development in both Asians (SMD = 0.34, 95%CI = -0.10-0.79, P = 0.132) and Caucasians (SMD = 1.42, 95%CI = -0.09-2.93, P = 0.064). Sample size-stratified analysis of the association between serum leptin levels and NSCLC were found in studies of small sample size (SMD = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.04-1.41, P = 0.038), but not in studies of large sample size (SMD = 1.24, 95%CI = -0.52-3.01, P = 0.166). In the method-stratified subgroup analysis, serum leptin level was not correlated with NSCLC using a immunoradiometric assay method (SMD = 0.82, 95%CI = -1.38-3.03, P = 0.465). Determining the levels of the blood-based marker leptin may provide predictive information for NSCLC diagnosis.

Topics: Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Publication Bias; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Leptin system plays an important role in lung inflammation and tumorigenesis, but the precise function in the tumormicrovironment and the prognosis value of the leptin system in lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. This review will focus on the relationship between leptin system and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which special attentions will be paid on the expression of leption and its receptor (LepR) in peripheral blood and tumor tissues, leptin-related signal transduction pathways, the interaction between leption and regulatory T cells (Treg) and the gene polymorphisms of leptin and leptin receptor, and possibly provide new strategies for diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.. 瘦素系统在肺部炎症反应、癌症发生发展等过程中发挥重要作用，但是其在肿瘤微环境中的作用机理、对肺癌的诊断价值仍不明晰。本文就瘦素系统与非小细胞肺癌之间的关系，从瘦素及其受体在循环和肿瘤组织中的表达变化、瘦素信号转导通路、瘦素与调节性T细胞的相互作用和瘦素及其受体的基因多态性等方面进行叙述，以期为非小细胞肺癌的诊治提供新方法。

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Receptors, Leptin; Signal Transduction

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among health professionals in the three most affected regions in Cameroon.. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional type. Participants were health care professionals working in the three chosen regions of Cameroon. The non_probability convinient sample technique and that of the snowball were valued via a web questionnaire. The non-exhaustive sample size was 292. The diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made by the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale).. Les auteurs rapportent que le secteur médical est classé à un plus grand risque de contracter le COVID-19 et de le propager potentiellement à d’autres. Le nombre sans cesse croissant de cas confirmés et suspects, la pression dans les soins, l’épuisement des équipements de protection individuelle et le manque de médicaments spécifiques peuvent contribuer à un vécu anxio-dépressif significatif. La présente étude s’est donnée pour ambition d’évaluer la prévalence des symptômes de l’anxiété et de la dépression chez les professionnels de santé dans les trois Régions les plus concernées au Cameroun.. Le choix des trois Régions du Cameroun se justifie non seulement par le fait qu’elles totalisent 95,8 % des cas de coronavirus au pays depuis le début de la pandémie, mais aussi parce qu’elles disposent de plus de la moitié des personnels de santé (56 %). Il s’agit d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique. Les participants sont des professionnels de la santé en service dans les Régions du Centre, Littoral et de l’Ouest du Cameroun. La méthode d’échantillonnage non probabiliste de convenance couplée à celle de boule de neige via un web questionnaire a été adoptée. La collecte des données a duré du 5 au 19 avril 2020, intervalle de temps après lequel on n’avait plus eu de répondants. À la fin de cette période, la taille de l’échantillon non exhaustive était de 292 professionnels. Le diagnostic de l’état anxio-dépressive était posé via l’échelle de HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). Dans le HAD, chaque réponse cotée évalue de manière semi-quantitative l’intensité du symptôme au cours de la semaine écoulée. Un score total est obtenu ainsi que des scores aux deux sous-échelles : le score maximal est de 42 pour l’échelle globale et de 21 pour chacune des sous-échelles. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach est de 0,70 pour la dépression et de 0,74 pour l’anxiété. Certains auteurs après plusieurs travaux ont proposé qu’une note inférieure ou égale à 7 indique une absence d’anxiété ou de dépression ; celle comprise entre 8 et 10 suggère une anxiété ou une dépression faible à bénigne ; entre 11 et 14, pour une anxiété ou une dépression modérée ; enfin, une note comprise entre 15 et 21 est révélatrice d’une anxiété sévère. Le logiciel Excel 2013 et Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 ont été utilisés pour les traitements statistiques. Les liens entre les variables ont été considérées significatifs pour une valeur de. L’amélioration des conditions de travail et notamment la fourniture d’équipement de protection, la mise en place des cellules spéciales d’écoute pour le personnel de santé pourraient être proposées.. Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of. During a mean follow-up period of 25.6 ± 13.9 months, 38 (18.4%) VAs and 78 (37.7%) end-stage events occurred. Big ET-1 was positively correlated with NYHA class (. In primary prevention ICD indication patients, plasma big ET-1 levels can predict VAs and end-stage events and may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.. Beyond age, cognitive impairment was associated with prior MI/stroke, higher hsCRP, statin use, less education, lower eGFR, BMI and LVEF.. These data demonstrate that even a short period of detraining is harmful for elderly women who regularly participate in a program of strength training, since it impairs physical performance, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.. Exposure to PM. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is reduced after PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF. Our findings suggest that this is related to a decrease in cardiac vagal tone. Whether and how this affects the clinical outcome including exercise capacity need to be determined.. BDNF and leptin were not associated with weight. We found that miR-214-5p exerted a protective role in I/R injured cardiac cells by direct targeting FASLG. The results indicated that the MGO injection reduced all CCl. The hepatoprotective effects of MGO might be due to histopathological suppression and inflammation inhibition in the liver.. OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by. PF trajectories were mainly related to income, pregestational BMI, birth weight, hospitalisation due to respiratory diseases in childhood, participant's BMI, report of wheezing, medical diagnosis and family history of asthma, gestational exposure to tobacco and current smoking status in adolescence and young adult age.. In chronic pain patients on opioids, administration of certain benzodiazepine sedatives induced a mild respiratory depression but paradoxically reduced sleep apnoea risk and severity by increasing the respiratory arousal threshold.. Quantitative measurements of sensory disturbances using the PainVision. The serum level of 20S-proteasome may be a useful marker for disease activity in AAV.. The electrophysiological data and MD simulations collectively suggest a crucial role of the interactions between the HA helix and S4-S5 linker in the apparent Ca. Invited for the cover of this issue are Vanesa Fernández-Moreira, Nils Metzler-Nolte, M. Concepción Gimeno and co-workers at Universidad de Zaragoza and Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The image depicts the reported bimetallic bioconjugates as planes directing the gold fragment towards the target (lysosomes). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002067.. The optimal CRT pacing configuration changes during dobutamine infusion while LV and RV activation timing does not. Further studies investigating the usefulness of automated dynamic changes to CRT pacing configuration according to physiologic condition may be warranted.

Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acrylic Resins; Actinobacillus; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Advance Care Planning; Africa, Northern; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Albendazole; Aluminum Oxide; Anastomosis, Surgical; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Androstadienes; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Viral; Anticoagulants; Antihypertensive Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antiporters; Antiviral Agents; Apoptosis; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Aromatase Inhibitors; Asian People; Astrocytes; Atrial Fibrillation; Auditory Threshold; Aurora Kinase B; Australia; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Autotrophic Processes; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial Proteins; Beclin-1; Belgium; Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Benzhydryl Compounds; beta Catenin; beta-Arrestin 2; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biofilms; Biofuels; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomass; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Biosynthetic Pathways; Bismuth; Blood Platelets; Bone and Bones; Bone Regeneration; Bortezomib; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium Phosphates; Cannabis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cariostatic Agents; Case Managers; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; 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Leptin is a nutritional cytokine encoded by the obesity gene whose concentration in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. However, previous evidence has suggested that there is no clear relationship between serum leptin concentrations and lung cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant component of the tumor microenvironment in a variety of solid tumors, were recently reported to produce leptin. Therefore, it was inferred that leptin is most likely to affect non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through an autocrine and paracrine mechanism. In the current study, we investigated the paracrine effect and mechanism of leptin produced by CAFs on NSCLC by establishing a novel in vitro cell coculture system.. A noncontact coculture device was designed and made by 3D printing. CAFs and paired normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) from 5 patients were successfully isolated and cocultured with two NSCLC cell lines in a coculture system. The background expression of leptin was detected by western blot. The in situ expression of leptin and its receptor (Ob-R) in NSCLC tissues and paired normal lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we downregulated the expression of leptin in CAFs and assessed changes in its promotion on NSCLC cells in the coculture system. Finally, changes in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT were examined to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the paracrine promotion of NSCLC cells by leptin.. Leptin was overexpressed in nearly all five primary CAF lines compared with its expression in paired NLFs. IHC staining showed that the expression of leptin was high in NSCLC cells, slightly lower in CAF, and negative in normal lung tissue. Ob-R was strongly expressed in NSCLC cells. The ability of A549 and H1299 cells to proliferate and migrate was enhanced by high leptin levels in both the cocultured fibroblasts and the culture medium. Furthermore, western blot assays suggested that the MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were activated by leptin produced by CAFs, which demonstrated that the functions of paracrine leptin in NSCLC are as those of the serum leptin to other cancers.. Leptin produced by CAF promotes proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells probably via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in a paracrine manner.

Topics: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Coculture Techniques; Humans; Leptin; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Paracrine Communication; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Tumor Microenvironment

Energy homeostasis is mediated by the hypothalamus, whose inflammation-induced functional derangements contribute to the onset of anorexia in cancer. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we determined the patterns of hypothalamic activation after oral intake in anorexic (A), non-anorexic (NA) cancer patients, and in controls (C).. Lung cancer patients were considered. Hypothalamic activation was recorded in A and NA patients and in C by fMRI, before (T0), immediately after (T1) the administration of an oral nutritional supplement, and after 15 min (T2). The grey of the hypothalamus and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) intensity were calculated and normalized for basal conditions. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, ghrelin, and leptin plasma levels were measured. A statistical parametric mapping was used.. Thirteen lung cancer patients (7 M, 6 F; 9A, 4NA) and 2 C (1 M, 1 F) were enrolled. Controls had the lowest BOLD intensity. At all-time points, anorexic patients showed lower hypothalamic activity compared with NA (P < 0.001) (T0: 585.57 ± 55.69 vs. 667.92 ± 33.18, respectively; T1: 536.50 ± 61.70 vs. 624.49 ± 55.51, respectively; T2: 556.44 ± 58.51 vs. 615.43 ± 71.50, respectively). Anorexic patients showed greater BOLD signal reduction during T0-T1 than NA (-8.5% vs. -6.80%, P < 0.001). Independently from the presence of anorexia, BOLD signals modification before and after oral challenge correlated with basal values of IL-1 and ghrelin (P < 0.001).. Hypothalamic activity in A cancer patients is reduced respect to NA and responds differently to oral challenges. This suggests a central control of appetite dysregulation during cancer anorexia, before, and after oral intake.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anorexia; Appetite; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Hypothalamus; Inflammation; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged

Adipokines have a significant effect on metabolism, immunoinflammatory responses as well as on carcinogenesis; therefore, we aimed at evaluating their potential predictive and prognostic significance in lung cancer. Eighty patients--mean age 62.9 ± 9.2 years--with previously untreated lung cancer (61 NSCLC and 19 SCLC) of all stages and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured using human Radioimmunoassay kits. Serum leptin levels in lung cancer patients were lower compared to control (p < 0.0001), while adiponectin and ghrelin levels were significantly increased in patients (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0043, respectively). Additionally, the leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly lower in the patients group compared to controls (p < 0.0001]. There was no association between serum levels of adipokines and any of the patient clinicopathological characteristics or response to therapy. Nevertheless, patients with lower values of serum leptin had shorter overall survival (p = 0.014), whereas multivariate analysis revealed leptin levels as an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.024, HR 0.452, CI 95 % 0.232-0.899). These results suggest that adipokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, while leptin serum levels might provide useful prognostic information.

Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Down-Regulation; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Up-Regulation

Cancer cachexia is a devastating condition leading to loss of function and independence, decreased performance status, decreased quality of life, and poor prognosis. Adipokines play a role in a wide variety of physiological or pathological processes, including immunity and inflammation, in addition to having significant effects on metabolism and lipogenesis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship of adipokines and systemic inflammation in weight-losing advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.. Sixty-three male NSCLC patients (stages III and IV) and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were included. NSCLC patients were further divided into subgroups as those with a>5% weight loss in last 6 months and those who did not. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and TNF-α concentrations were measured by ELISA using commercially available kits.. The positive acute-phase reactants (APR) CRP, leukocyte, ferritin, thrombocyte, and fibrinogen were higher in the NSCLC group. Serum albumin level (which is a negative APR) was lower in the cancer group, whereas there was no difference in transferrin level between the groups. TNF-α and leptin concentrations were similar in the cancer group and the control group, whereas adiponectin was lower in the cancer group. There was a difference in thrombocyte and transferrin levels between patients with and without weight loss, whereas CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin levels were similar. Leptin was lower in weight-losing cancer patients. However, there was no correlation between adipokines and markers of systemic inflammation.. These results revealed a lack of association between adipokine levels and systemic inflammation with cancer cachexia.

Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; C-Reactive Protein; Cachexia; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Ferritins; Fibrinogen; Humans; Leptin; Leukocyte Count; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Count; Transferrin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Metastin, the product of the KISS-1 gene, seems to represent a strong suppressant of metastasis for some types of cancer. The aim of this study is to explore whether circulating levels of metastin could be used as a marker for the metastatic potential of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as a diagnostic marker in NSCLC patients. The possible correlation between metastin and leptin circulating levels was also evaluated. Fasting serum levels of metastin and leptin were determined in 96 NSCLC patients at diagnosis (76 with metastatic disease and 21 with locally advanced disease) and 49 healthy volunteers using commercial available ELISA. Serum metastin levels presented no differences between NSCLC patients and healthy volunteers (1.18 ± 0.98 vs. 1.17 ± 0.39 ng/ml, P = 0.979) as well as between patients with metastatic and locally advanced disease (1.17 ± 1.05 vs. 1.21 ± 0.64 ng/ml, P = 0.872). There was no statistically significant correlation between circulating metastin and leptin levels in NSCLC patients and patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. This study shows a lack of direct involvement of metastin in the diagnosis and metastatic potential of NSCLC.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Kisspeptins; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and leptin/OB-R system have been reported to be intertwined in several cancer types. However, limited research has been conducted with regard to this interaction in lung cancers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the expression levels of these proteins and the development, progression and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).. The expression of leptin, OB-Rb and HER-2 was evaluated in 100 NSCLC specimens by immunohistochemistry, with normal lung tissue as controls. The relationships between their expression levels and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by correlation analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the associations between the expression levels of these proteins and the survival of NSCLC patients.. Leptin was expressed in 71 and 25% (P < 0.05) of NSCLC and normal lung tissues, respectively, while OB-Rb was expressed in 62 and 31% (P < 0.05), respectively. Overexpression of HER-2 was detected in 53% of NSCLC tissues versus 0% of normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). A significant association was found between the expression levels of leptin and OB-Rb (P = 0.024), and between tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and HER-2 expression (P = 0.003). Univariate survival analysis showed that TNM stage (P < 0.001) and leptin expression (P = 0.009) influenced survival time. Multivariate analysis suggested that TNM stage [hazard ratio (HR) 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.04, P < 0.001] and leptin expression (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01-2.80, P = 0.044) were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC.. The expression of leptin, OB-Rb and HER-2 was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues. The expression of leptin is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Leptin; Retrospective Studies

The involvement of a systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), is associated with weight loss and poor outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. There is good evidence that nutritional and functional decline in patients with advanced malignant disease is associated with catabolic changes in metabolism. However, defects in anabolism may also contribute towards nutritional decline in patients with cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, performance status, mGPS and survival in patients with inoperable NSCLC.. 56 patients with inoperable NSCLC were studied. The plasma concentrations of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and leptin were measured using ELISA and RIA.. The patients were predominantly male (61%), over 60 years old (80%), with advanced (stage III or IV) disease (98%), with a BMI> or =20 (84%), an ECOG-ps of 0 or 1 (79%), a haemoglobin (59%) and white cell count (79%) in the reference range. On follow-up 43 patients died of their cancer. On univariate analysis, BMI (p<0.05), Stage (p<0.05), ECOG-ps (p<0.05), haemoglobin (p<0.05), white cell count (p<0.05) and mGPS (p<0.05) were associated with cancer specific survival. There was no association between age, sex, treatment, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio, or leptin and cancer specific survival. With an increasing mGPS concentrations of haemoglobin (p<0.005) and IGFBP-3 (p<0.05) decreased. mGPS was not associated with either IGF-1(p>0.20), or leptin (p>0.20).. In summary, the results of this study suggest that anabolism (IGF-1 axis) does not play a significant role in the relationship between nutritional and functional decline, systemic inflammation and poor survival in patients with inoperable NSCLC.

Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Leptin; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Weight Loss

Leptin is intimately intertwined in the molecular pathophysiology of several cancer types; with regard to lung cancer, however, limited research has been conducted, with overall conflicting results.. The present case-control study comprises 66 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and 132 healthy controls matched for gender and age. Lifestyle, sociodemographic and medical history information has been obtained in addition to body mass index (BMI) measurements and weight change during the last 2 months. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined following a standard protocol.. In multiple logistic regression analyses, elevated serum leptin emerged as a risk factor for NSCLC independent of central obesity, more pronounced after controlling for BMI and recent weight loss (odds ratio = 4.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.94-10.82). Additionally, smoking and animal foods consumption were strongly associated with the disease, whereas plant foods consumption showed a protective association.. The observed higher serum leptin levels in NSCLC cases might be attributed to direct or indirect effects mediated by cancer- or cachexia-related cytokines. In line with the growth-promoting properties of leptin in the lung tissue documented elsewhere, increased serum leptin concentration may represent a tumor-promoting event during non-small-cell lung carcinogenesis.

Topics: Animals; Body Mass Index; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diet; Greece; Humans; Leptin; Life Style; Lung Neoplasms; Meat; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Overweight; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Smoking; Weight Loss

Adipose tissue secretes adipokines with proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim was to assess the role of adipose tissue in generalized inflammatory state of advanced NSCLC patients and the possible use of leptin, adiponectin and resistin as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Correlation of adipose tissue with weight loss in advanced NSCLC patients was also studied. Fasting serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin were determined in 101 advanced NSCLC patients (76 without weight loss and 25 with weight loss) and 51 healthy volunteers using commercially available ELISA. Adipokine serum levels were determined at diagnosis, at the end of first-line chemotherapy and at the time of disease progression for those who responded to treatment. Epidemiological, anthropometrical and laboratory data were assessed. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels presented no differences. Serum resistin levels were significantly increased in NSCLC patients after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that these adipokines at diagnosis could not be used as predictive factors for overall survival or time to progression. Only serum resistin levels were associated with weight loss. Despite no direct involvement of leptin and adiponectin, resistin as a proinflammatory cytokine may play a role in the pathogenesis of weight loss in NSCLC patients.

Topics: Adiponectin; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Resistin; Statistics, Nonparametric

One recent line of cancer research shows increasing interest for biological factor such as IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin, which have been found to participate in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to measure IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentrations in the airways and in the systemic circle of patients with NSCLC, investigating the role of these factors in the lung tumors. We enrolled 32 patients (17 men, 71 +/- 7 years) with a histological diagnosis of NSCLC and 20 healthy ex-smoker controls, negative for computed tomography of the chest (14 men, 69 +/- 8 years). IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin levels were measured in the serum, the urine, the bronchoalveolar lavage, the induced sputum, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients enrolled by means of a specific enzyme immunoassay kit. Higher concentrations of IL-2, TNF-alpha and leptin were found in NSCLC patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). A statistically significant increase of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentrations was observed in patients from stage I to stage III of NSCLC. These findings suggest that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and the leptin play an important role in the cancerogenesis of NSCLC. Their measure in the EBC could be proposed as noninvasive markers for an early detection of NSCLC and in the follow-up of this tumor.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-2; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Sputum; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Leptin hormone and receptor have been associated to cancer development and were identified in lung tissue. In this study, a functional polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the leptin gene (LEP -2548 G/A) was found to increase susceptibility for non-small cell lung cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.43]. Age-adjusted logistic regression analysis in men indicated an association of AA genotype with adenocarcinoma (OR, 4.29; CI, 1.64-11.72) and squamous cell carcinoma (OR, 3.19; CI, 1.26-8.13). Logistic regression analysis confirmed the AA genotype as an independent risk factor for lung cancer after adjustment for age and gender (OR, 2.57; CI, 1.34-4.92). The AA genotype was overrepresented only in patients with non-metastatic disease (OR, 1.86; CI, 1.13-3.04). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an earlier age of onset for lung cancer in AA carriers (P=0.023). Results suggest the existence of genetic susceptibility for lung cancer in carriers of this LEP functional polymorphism. Further studies are warranted to extend knowledge of leptin involvement in lung cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic roles and the effects of chemotherapy of serum proinflammatory cytokines consisting of IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP, and leptin levels in patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty-eight patients newly diagnosed of non-surgical advanced non-small cell lung cancer and 15 healthy controls were included. All patients with good performance status were treated with combination therapy consisting of cisplatin plus vinorelbine chemotherapy. Blood samples were obtained in fasting conditions before chemotherapy first and after two cycles of chemotherapy. IL-6 and TNF-alpha immunoassays employ the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Leptin (Sandwich) ELISA is a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the sandwich principle. CRP is a photometric immunoturbidimetric test. Most of the patients were elderly, male predominance, good performance status, and no or less than 10% weight loss. Higher serum TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.001), and lower leptin (p = 0.021) levels in patients than in controls. Serum IL-6 cytokine (p = 0.693) levels were not significantly different. No statistically significant relationships between investigated serum parameters and various characteristics of patient and disease. Likewise, serum levels of leptin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP were all similar in lung cancer patients independently from severity of weight loss (p > 0.05). A direct relationship was found between serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (r = 0.530, p = 0.004). We found that both serum leptin (p = 0.046) and IL-6 (p = 0.002) levels were decreased owing to the chemotherapy effect independently from chemotherapy response. However, serum TNF-alpha and CRP levels were not changed by the chemotherapy effect. The stage of the disease, serum LDH levels, performance status, and responsiveness to chemotherapy yielded prognostic value. Only serum IL-6 levels out of the parameters showed a trend (p = 0.06) related to a worse prognosis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; C-Reactive Protein; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cisplatin; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vinblastine; Vinorelbine

In humans, leptin circulates in a free form and is also bound to macromolecules. The aim of the present study was to compare a rapid acid-ethanol precipitation (AEP) method of measuring bound leptin with the more laborious gel exclusion chromatography (GEC) reference procedure. Serum samples collected from healthy subjects and cancer patients were used in this comparison.. AEP and GEC methods for measuring leptin binding in serum (from 14 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer) were adapted from previously published procedures.. Intra- and inter-assay precision of the AEP method were 6% (n = 10) and 8% (n = 10), respectively. Bland-Altman analysis of results obtained from the AEP and GEC methods indicated no significant difference in healthy controls. However, significantly higher results were obtained by the AEP method in the cancer patients.. Evaluation of the AEP method revealed that on examination of normal subjects the method was less precise than had previously been reported. Moreover, the method gave differing results in the cancer patients when compared with the GEC method. This study indicates that careful evaluation of any new method for measuring leptin binding requires comparison with a GEC method using the sample matrix of interest.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Case-Control Studies; Chemistry, Clinical; Chromatography; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anorexia; Anthropometry; C-Reactive Protein; Cachexia; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cytokines; Humans; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Nutritional Status; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors

Leptin is an anorexia inductor peptide produced by adipocytes and related to fat mass. Leptin is also produced by fat under proinflammatory cytokine action. Our objective is to study serum leptin levels in relation to nutritional status and acute phase response in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer.Seventy-six patients newly diagnosed of non surgical non-small cell lung cancer before chemotherapy treatment and 30 healthy controls were included. BMI, serum leptin and cholesterol levels and lymphocyte count were decreased in lung cancer patients. Cytokine IL-6, TNF-alpha, sTNF-RII, sIL-2R, IL-12, IL-10 and IFN-gamma, and other acute phase reactants as alpha1 antitrypsin, ferritin, CRP and platelets were all raised in patients, whereas the IL-2 was decreased. We found a direct relationship between leptin and other indicators of the status of nutrition, especially total fat mass. We also found a close relationship between the status of nutrition and the performance status (Karnofsky index). However, serum leptin and nutritional status were inversely correlated with acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a stress-type malnutrition. Although serum leptin levels, nutritional status and Karnofsky index are related to survival, at multivariate analysis they all were displaced by the acute phase reaction markers. These results suggest that cancer anorexia and cachexia are not due to a dysregulation of leptin production. Circulating leptin concentrations are not elevated in weight-losing cancer patients and are inversely related to the intensity of the inflammatory response. In advanced lung cancer patients serum leptin concentrations only depend on the total amount of fat.

Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Cachexia; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Receptors, Leptin; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha