leptin and Bronchitis

Adipokines are involved in the regulation of many inflammatory processes and are present at very high concentrations in cord blood of term infants.. We analysed data of a large prospective birth cohort study to examine whether adiponectin and leptin concentration in cord blood are determinants of wheezing disorders in children within the first 2 years of life.. Seven hundred and forty mothers and their newborns were included in this analysis. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured in cord blood. The cumulative incidence of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis was recorded during a 2-year follow-up.. During the first 2 years of life, asthma or obstructive bronchitis was reported by the caring paediatricians for 157 (19.6%) of the children. We found a strong interaction of cord blood adiponectin and history of atopic disease in the mother with respect to the risk of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis (P=0.006). Compared with children with cord blood levels in the middle quintile (reference category), the odds ratios for physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis in the bottom quintile and top quintile were 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90] and 2.12 (95% CI 0.67-6.66), respectively (P for trend=0.0003), among children of mothers with a history of atopy. This association was independent of other established risk factors. Leptin levels in cord blood were not associated with risk of asthma or obstructive bronchitis.. In children of mothers with a history of atopy, concentrations of adiponectin in cord blood could play an important role in determining risk of wheezing disorders in early childhood.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Asthma; Bronchitis; Child, Preschool; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Leptin; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Sounds; Risk Factors

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of chronic wasting, in part associated with a chronic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and prospectively the potential role of leptin in relation to systemic inflammation in the regulation of the energy balance in COPD. Body composition by deuterium dilution, resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry, and plasma concentrations of leptin and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (sTNF-R) 55 and 75 by ELISA were measured in 27 male patients with emphysema and 15 male patients with chronic bronchitis (disease-subtype defined by high-resolution computed tomography [HRCT]). Emphysematous patients were characterized by a lower body mass index due to a lower fat mass (FM) (p = 0.001) and by lower mean (detectable) leptin concentrations (p = 0.020) compared with bronchitic patients. Leptin was exponentially related to FM in emphysema (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and in chronic bronchitis (r = 0.80, p = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant partial correlation coefficient between leptin and sTNF-R55 adjusted for FM and oral corticosteroid use was seen in emphysema (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) but not in chronic bronchitis. In 17 predominantly emphysematous depleted male patients with COPD, baseline plasma leptin divided by FM was in addition logarithmically inversely related to baseline dietary intake (r = -0.50, p = 0.047) and to the degree of weight change after 8 wk of nutritional support (r = -0.60, p = 0.017). This proposed cytokine-leptin link in pulmonary cachexia may explain the poor response to nutritional support in some of the cachectic patients with COPD and may open a novel approach in combating this significant comorbidity in COPD. Schols AMWJ, Creutzberg EC, Buurman WA, Campfield LA, Saris WHM, Wouters EFM. Plasma leptin is related to proinflammatory status and dietary intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Topics: Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Water; Bronchitis; Calorimetry, Indirect; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Leptin; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Nutritional Support; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Emphysema; Receptors, Leptin; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Respiratory Mechanics