leptin and Asthma--Exercise-Induced

To assess the effects of weight loss on adipokines, asthma-related symptoms, exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and lung function, and to evaluate the role of leptin and adiponectin levels on lung function after treatment in obese adolescents.. 84 postpubertal obese adolescents were enrolled and distributed in quartiles according to weight loss (low (<2.5 kg), low to moderate (>2.5 and <8 kg), moderate (<8 and <14 kg) and massive (<14 kg)). Body composition was measured by plethysmography, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were detected by ultrasound. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were analyzed. Lung function, asthma and EIB were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Patients were submitted to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention consisting of physiotherapy, medical, nutritional, exercise, and psychological therapy.. After treatment the moderate and massive weight loss promoted an increase in adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio as well as a decrease in leptin levels and a reduction in EIB frequency and asthma-related symptoms. Furthermore, the reduction in leptin levels was a predictor factor to improvement in lung function.. Interdisciplinary therapy was able to decrease EIB and asthma-related symptoms and to improve pro/anti-inflammatory adipokines. Additionally, the leptin concentration was a predictor factor to explain changes in lung function.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Asthma; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lung; Male; Obesity; Physical Therapy Modalities; Psychotherapy; Weight Loss; Weight Reduction Programs

Leptin-related effects on inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in the human airway have not been demonstrated.. To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and BHR and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2 (9α,11β-PGF(2)) release after exercise challenge in asthmatic children.. Eighty-six prepubertal children between 6 and 10 years old were enrolled and divided into 4 groups: 19 obese asthmatic children, 25 normal-weight asthmatic children, 21 obese nonasthmatic children, and 21 healthy controls. We measured serum leptin levels and urinary LTE4 and 9α,11β-PGF2 levels in children before and 30 minutes after the exercise challenge.. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in obese asthmatic children compared with normal-weight asthmatic children. Significant increases in urinary levels of LTE4 and 9α,11β-PGF2 were observed in obese asthmatic children after the exercise challenge. Although smaller than in obese asthmatic children, significant increases in the urinary levels of LTE4 and 9α,11β-PGF2 were also observed in the normal-weight. Asthmatic children Logarithmic serum leptin values were significantly associated with the logarithmic maximum percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the logarithmic urinary LTE4 change, and the logarithmic urinary 9α,11β-PGF2 change from baseline to after exercise in both obese and normal-weight asthmatic children.. The serum levels of leptin were significantly associated with BHR and urinary LTE4 and 9α,11β-PGF2 release induced by exercise challenge in asthmatic children.

Topics: Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Child; Dinoprost; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Leptin; Leukotriene E4; Male; Obesity

Recent studies have demonstrated a greater prevalence in exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in obese adolescents. However, the role of pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines and the repercussions of obesity treatment on EIB need to be explored further. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines on EIB in obese adolescents evaluated after long-term interdisciplinary therapy.. Thirty-five post-pubertal obese adolescents, including 20 non-EIB (body mass index [BMI] 36 ± 5 kg/m(2)) and 15 EIB (BMI 36 ± 5 kg/m(2)), were enrolled in this study. Body composition was measured by plethysmography, using the BOD POD body composition system, and visceral fat was analyzed by ultrasound. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were analyzed. EIB and lung function were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Patients were recruited to a 1-year interdisciplinary intervention of weight loss, consisting of medical, nutritional, exercise, and psychological components.. Anthropometrics and lung function variables improved significantly after the therapy in both groups. Furthermore we observed a reduction in EIB occurrence in obese adolescents after treatment. There was an increase in adiponectin levels and a reduction in leptin levels after the therapy. In addition, a low FEV(1) value was a risk factor associated with EIB occurrence at baseline, and was correlated after treatment with changes in anthropometric and maximal O(2) consumption values as well as the adipokines profile.. In the present study it was demonstrated that 1 year of interdisciplinary therapy decreased EIB frequency in obese adolescents, paralleled by an increase in lung function and improvement in pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines.

Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Adolescent; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Leptin; Logistic Models; Male; Obesity; Oxygen Consumption; Young Adult

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), a form of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), is common in children with asthma or obesity. Epidemiological studies have shown that asthma and obesity are increasing in parallel, but obesity- and adipokine-related effects on inflammation and BHR have not yet been demonstrated in the human airway.. To address the relationship between leptin and adiponectin and EIB in children with asthma.. Eighty-five prepubertal children between the ages of 6 and 10 years were included in our study. They comprised obese with asthma (n = 19), normal weight with asthma (n = 23), obese without asthma (n = 23), and healthy (n = 20). We measured serum leptin and adiponectin levels. We also performed pulmonary function tests: baseline, postbronchodilator inhalation, methacholine inhalation, and exercise. The area under the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))-time curve quantified the severity of EIB over a 20-minute period after exercise (AUC(20)).. The obese children had significantly elevated levels of leptin and reduced levels of adiponectin. The maximum decreases in %FEV(1) and AUC(20) after exercise were positively correlated with leptin levels and negatively with serum adiponectin levels in children with asthma. The odds for having EIB were incrementally and significantly higher for children with higher levels of serum leptin.. Levels of the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin are significantly correlated with BHR induced by exercise challenge in children with asthma. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the changes in leptin and adiponectin levels bear a causal relationship to the EIB/BHR.

Topics: Adiponectin; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Bronchoconstriction; Child; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Obesity; Respiratory Function Tests; Severity of Illness Index