leflunomide has been researched along with Pregnancy in 41 studies
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.
leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.
Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Leflunomide (LMF) is an immunemodulatory drug used in the therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)." | 8.85 | Pregnancy course and neonatal outcome after exposure to leflunomide--2 cases report and review of literature. ( Banas, T; Batko, B; Górnisiewicz, T; Hajdyla-Banaś, I; Pityńska-Korab, E; Rydz-Stryszowska, I; Skura, A, 2009) |
| "Leflunomide (Arava(trade mark), Hoescht Marion Roussel, now Aventis Pharma) is a new, oral disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)." | 8.81 | Leflunomide: a novel DMARD for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ( Alldred, A; Emery, P, 2001) |
| "A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, is an immunomodulator which inhibits cell proliferation in activated lymphocytes in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis." | 8.80 | Leflunomide: a review of its use in active rheumatoid arthritis. ( Jarvis, B; Prakash, A, 1999) |
| "Maternal exposure to leflunomide during pregnancy was not associated with statistically significant increased risk of MCMs, prematurity, LBW or spontaneous abortions." | 7.88 | Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. ( Bérard, A; Colilla, S; Shui, I; Zhao, JP, 2018) |
| "All 16 of the pregnancies with leflunomide exposure during pregnancy and 27 (93%) of the pregnancies with exposure prior to conception resulted in liveborn infants." | 7.78 | Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy. ( Braddock, SR; Cassina, M; Chambers, CD; Jimenez, JL; Johnson, DL; Jones, KL; Luo, YJ; Mirrasoul, N; Robinson, LK; Salas, E; Xu, R, 2012) |
| "Sixty-four pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with leflunomide during pregnancy (95." | 7.76 | Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy. ( Braddock, SR; Chambers, CD; Jin, S; Johnson, DL; Jones, KL; Lopez-Jimenez, J; Luo, YJ; Mirrasoul, N; Robinson, LK; Salas, E; Xu, R, 2010) |
| "Leflunomide is a commonly used disease modifying antirheumatic agent." | 5.91 | Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report. ( Alothman, R; Amiri, N; Lepik, C; Waterman, E; Yeung, J, 2023) |
| "Birth defects were reported in 44 babies/fetuses/embryos from 587 pregnancies, with 2 reporting at least 3 minor defects and 20 reporting major defects." | 5.56 | Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with leflunomide, the parent compound of the multiple sclerosis drug teriflunomide. ( Afsar, S; Davenport, L; Henson, LJ; Poole, EM; Purvis, A; Truffinet, P, 2020) |
| "Leflunomide is a new and effective disease-modifying antirheumatic drug." | 5.31 | Leflunomide: new antirheumatic drug. Effect on pregnancy outcomes. ( Koren, G; Kozer, E; Moretti, ME, 2001) |
| "A great body of evidence suggest that hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and non-fluorinated steroids can be continued throughout pregnancy, while methotrexate and leflunomide should be discontinued 3 months before pregnancy." | 4.93 | Challenges and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy. ( Gerosa, M; Meroni, PL; Schioppo, T, 2016) |
| " Mycophenolate and leflunomide are teratogenic drugs and should be withdrawn before conception in case of programmed pregnancy or should be rapidly discontinued in case of unexpected pregnancy." | 4.91 | Immunosuppression in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Moroni, G; Ponticelli, C, 2015) |
| " The earlier use of methotrexate and the introduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have changed the natural characteristics of the disease." | 4.87 | [Systemic autoimmune disorders and pregnancy]. ( Kiss, CG; Kiss, E; Poór, G, 2011) |
| "Leflunomide (LMF) is an immunemodulatory drug used in the therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)." | 4.85 | Pregnancy course and neonatal outcome after exposure to leflunomide--2 cases report and review of literature. ( Banas, T; Batko, B; Górnisiewicz, T; Hajdyla-Banaś, I; Pityńska-Korab, E; Rydz-Stryszowska, I; Skura, A, 2009) |
| "The widely accepted standard therapy for cutaneous sarcoidosis includes corticosteroids, antimalarials, and methotrexate." | 4.84 | Cutaneous sarcoidosis therapy updated. ( Badgwell, C; Rosen, T, 2007) |
| "Leflunomide (Arava(trade mark), Hoescht Marion Roussel, now Aventis Pharma) is a new, oral disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)." | 4.81 | Leflunomide: a novel DMARD for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ( Alldred, A; Emery, P, 2001) |
| "A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, is an immunomodulator which inhibits cell proliferation in activated lymphocytes in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis." | 4.80 | Leflunomide: a review of its use in active rheumatoid arthritis. ( Jarvis, B; Prakash, A, 1999) |
| "Maternal exposure to leflunomide during pregnancy was not associated with statistically significant increased risk of MCMs, prematurity, LBW or spontaneous abortions." | 3.88 | Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. ( Bérard, A; Colilla, S; Shui, I; Zhao, JP, 2018) |
| "All 16 of the pregnancies with leflunomide exposure during pregnancy and 27 (93%) of the pregnancies with exposure prior to conception resulted in liveborn infants." | 3.78 | Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy. ( Braddock, SR; Cassina, M; Chambers, CD; Jimenez, JL; Johnson, DL; Jones, KL; Luo, YJ; Mirrasoul, N; Robinson, LK; Salas, E; Xu, R, 2012) |
| "Sixty-four pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with leflunomide during pregnancy (95." | 3.76 | Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy. ( Braddock, SR; Chambers, CD; Jin, S; Johnson, DL; Jones, KL; Lopez-Jimenez, J; Luo, YJ; Mirrasoul, N; Robinson, LK; Salas, E; Xu, R, 2010) |
| "To describe the practices of rheumatologists when prescribing the disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide (LF), etanercept (ET), and infliximab (IN) to women of childbearing age with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the pregnancy outcomes of patients who become pregnant while taking these medications." | 3.72 | The use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in women with rheumatoid arthritis of childbearing age: a survey of practice patterns and pregnancy outcomes. ( Bush, TM; Chakravarty, EF; Sanchez-Yamamoto, D, 2003) |
| "Leflunomide is a commonly used disease modifying antirheumatic agent." | 1.91 | Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report. ( Alothman, R; Amiri, N; Lepik, C; Waterman, E; Yeung, J, 2023) |
| "Birth defects were reported in 44 babies/fetuses/embryos from 587 pregnancies, with 2 reporting at least 3 minor defects and 20 reporting major defects." | 1.56 | Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with leflunomide, the parent compound of the multiple sclerosis drug teriflunomide. ( Afsar, S; Davenport, L; Henson, LJ; Poole, EM; Purvis, A; Truffinet, P, 2020) |
| "Psoriatic arthritis may be treated during pregnancy with glucocorticosteroids, especially with prednisone or prednisolone." | 1.36 | [Active psoriatic arthritis during pregnancy: challenges and limitations of pharmacotherapy]. ( Matuszewska, A; Misterska-Skóra, M; Wiland, P, 2010) |
| "Leflunomide is a drug used in rheumatoid arthritis with teratogenic and fetotoxic effects." | 1.35 | A pair of twins born after maternal exposure to leflunomide. ( Heine, K; Poets, CF, 2008) |
| "Leflunomide is an immunosuppressant drug displaying teratogenicity in mice, rats, and rabbits." | 1.35 | Inhibiting the teratogenicity of the immunosuppressant leflunomide in mice by supplementation of exogenous uridine. ( Fukushima, R; Hirashiba, M; Hishikawa, A; Kanamori, S; Kaneto, M; Kitagawa, H; Muranaka, R, 2009) |
| "Leflunomide has inhibitory effects on dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase activity and protein tyrosine kinase activity." | 1.35 | Critical periods for the teratogenicity of immune-suppressant Leflunomide in mice. ( Fukushima, R; Hirashiba, M; Hishikawa, A; Kanamori, S; Kaneto, M; Kitagawa, H; Muranaka, R, 2009) |
| "Leflunomide is a new and effective disease-modifying antirheumatic drug." | 1.31 | Leflunomide: new antirheumatic drug. Effect on pregnancy outcomes. ( Koren, G; Kozer, E; Moretti, ME, 2001) |
| "Treatment with leflunomide (LEF), cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 15-deoxyspergualin, and rapamycin alone or in combination had an insufficient inhibitory effect on ICC xenograft rejection." | 1.30 | Efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in islet xenotransplantation: leflunomide in combination with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil prevents islet xenograft rejection in the pig-to-rat model. ( Groth, CG; Karlsson-Parra, A; Korsgren, O; Liu, J; Rafael, E; Sundberg, B; Wennberg, L; Zhu, S, 1997) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (4.88) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 18 (43.90) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 15 (36.59) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (14.63) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| De Klaver, PAG | 1 |
| Geesink, CM | 1 |
| Broen, JCA | 1 |
| Derijks, LJJ | 1 |
| Alothman, R | 1 |
| Yeung, J | 1 |
| Waterman, E | 1 |
| Lepik, C | 1 |
| Amiri, N | 2 |
| Rebić, N | 1 |
| Sayre, EC | 1 |
| Zusman, EZ | 1 |
| Baldwin, C | 1 |
| De Vera, MA | 1 |
| Pfaller, B | 1 |
| Pupco, A | 1 |
| Leibson, T | 1 |
| Aletaha, D | 1 |
| Ito, S | 1 |
| Henson, LJ | 1 |
| Afsar, S | 1 |
| Davenport, L | 1 |
| Purvis, A | 1 |
| Poole, EM | 1 |
| Truffinet, P | 1 |
| Hammad, I | 1 |
| Porter, TF | 1 |
| Weber-Schoendorfer, C | 1 |
| Beck, E | 1 |
| Tissen-Diabaté, T | 1 |
| Schaefer, C | 1 |
| Bérard, A | 1 |
| Zhao, JP | 1 |
| Shui, I | 1 |
| Colilla, S | 1 |
| Ponticelli, C | 1 |
| Moroni, G | 1 |
| Gerosa, M | 1 |
| Schioppo, T | 1 |
| Meroni, PL | 1 |
| Cassina, M | 2 |
| Cagnoli, GA | 1 |
| Zuccarello, D | 1 |
| Di Gianantonio, E | 1 |
| Clementi, M | 1 |
| Heine, K | 1 |
| Poets, CF | 1 |
| Fukushima, R | 3 |
| Kanamori, S | 2 |
| Hirashiba, M | 2 |
| Hishikawa, A | 2 |
| Muranaka, R | 2 |
| Kaneto, M | 3 |
| Kitagawa, H | 3 |
| Østensen, M | 2 |
| Förger, F | 1 |
| Chambers, CD | 4 |
| Johnson, DL | 3 |
| Robinson, LK | 2 |
| Braddock, SR | 2 |
| Xu, R | 2 |
| Lopez-Jimenez, J | 1 |
| Mirrasoul, N | 2 |
| Salas, E | 2 |
| Luo, YJ | 2 |
| Jin, S | 1 |
| Jones, KL | 3 |
| Sayarlioglu, M | 1 |
| Sahin, M | 1 |
| Cetin, GY | 1 |
| Avan, R | 1 |
| Cerit, M | 1 |
| Hajdyla-Banaś, I | 1 |
| Banas, T | 1 |
| Rydz-Stryszowska, I | 1 |
| Batko, B | 1 |
| Skura, A | 1 |
| Górnisiewicz, T | 1 |
| Pityńska-Korab, E | 1 |
| Teschner, S | 1 |
| Burst, V | 1 |
| Matuszewska, A | 1 |
| Misterska-Skóra, M | 1 |
| Wiland, P | 1 |
| Kiss, E | 1 |
| Kiss, CG | 1 |
| Poór, G | 1 |
| Jimenez, JL | 1 |
| Viktil, KK | 1 |
| Engeland, A | 1 |
| Furu, K | 1 |
| Krook, H | 1 |
| Wennberg, L | 2 |
| Hagberg, A | 1 |
| Song, Z | 1 |
| Groth, CG | 2 |
| Korsgren, O | 2 |
| Frieling, U | 1 |
| Luger, TA | 1 |
| Chakravarty, EF | 1 |
| Sanchez-Yamamoto, D | 1 |
| Bush, TM | 1 |
| Olsen, NJ | 1 |
| Stein, CM | 1 |
| De Santis, M | 1 |
| Straface, G | 1 |
| Cavaliere, A | 1 |
| Carducci, B | 1 |
| Caruso, A | 1 |
| Badgwell, C | 1 |
| Rosen, T | 1 |
| von Esebeck, M | 1 |
| Villiger, PM | 1 |
| Neville, CE | 1 |
| McNally, J | 1 |
| Chambers, C | 1 |
| Koren, G | 2 |
| Tutuncu, ZN | 1 |
| Johnson, D | 1 |
| Karlsson-Parra, A | 1 |
| Sundberg, B | 1 |
| Rafael, E | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Zhu, S | 1 |
| Prakash, A | 1 |
| Jarvis, B | 1 |
| Brent, RL | 1 |
| Alldred, A | 1 |
| Emery, P | 1 |
| Kozer, E | 1 |
| Moretti, ME | 1 |
| Lyons Jones, K | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [NCT00037336] | 0 participants | Observational | 2001-09-30 | Completed | |||
| Clinical Phase II Pilot Study of the Efficacy of FANG(30) to Treat Active Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adult Patients[NCT00749645] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
15 reviews available for leflunomide and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A critical review of the reproductive safety of Leflunomide.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leflunomide; Pregnan | 2020 |
An Update on Biologic Agents During Pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humani | 2020 |
Immunosuppression in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Contraindications; Cyclosporine; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypertension; Immunosuppression Th | 2015 |
Challenges and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biological Products; Female; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine | 2016 |
Management of RA medications in pregnant patients.
Topics: Abatacept; Acetaminophen; Adult; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoc | 2009 |
Pregnancy course and neonatal outcome after exposure to leflunomide--2 cases report and review of literature.
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant | 2009 |
Leflunomide: a drug with a potential beyond rheumatology.
Topics: Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Biological Availability; Contraindications; Cytomegalovirus Infection | 2010 |
[Systemic autoimmune disorders and pregnancy].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimalarials; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Arthrit | 2011 |
Mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide: promising compounds for the treatment of skin diseases.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Fertility; Fetal Death; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2002 |
New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthrit | 2004 |
New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthrit | 2004 |
New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthrit | 2004 |
New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthrit | 2004 |
Paternal and maternal exposure to leflunomide: pregnancy and neonatal outcome.
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Male; Paternal E | 2005 |
Cutaneous sarcoidosis therapy updated.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Allopurinol; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents | 2007 |
Are new agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis safe to take during pregnancy? Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antimalarials; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprin | 2007 |
Leflunomide: a review of its use in active rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Isox | 1999 |
Leflunomide: a novel DMARD for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Clinical Trials, Phase II a | 2001 |
26 other studies available for leflunomide and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Leflunomide Exposure and Teriflunomide Concentrations up to the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report.
Topics: Crotonates; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Leflunomide; Nitriles; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, | 2022 |
Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cholestyramine Resin; Female; Humans; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Pregnancy; Pre | 2023 |
Perinatal use and discontinuation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study.
Topics: Abatacept; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirh | 2020 |
Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with leflunomide, the parent compound of the multiple sclerosis drug teriflunomide.
Topics: Adult; Congenital Abnormalities; Crotonates; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunosuppressive Age | 2020 |
Leflunomide - A human teratogen? A still not answered question. An evaluation of the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance database.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporti | 2017 |
Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Female; Humans; Inf | 2018 |
Teriflunomide (AUBAGIO). Multiple sclerosis: just a metabolite of leflunomide.
Topics: Animals; Crotonates; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; M | 2015 |
Human teratogens and genetic phenocopies. Understanding pathogenesis through human genes mutation.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Female; Fetal Diseas | 2017 |
A pair of twins born after maternal exposure to leflunomide.
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Isoxazoles; | 2008 |
Inhibiting the teratogenicity of the immunosuppressant leflunomide in mice by supplementation of exogenous uridine.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; Embryonic Development; Female; F | 2009 |
Critical periods for the teratogenicity of immune-suppressant Leflunomide in mice.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Critical Peri | 2009 |
Microarray analysis of Leflunomide-induced limb malformations in CD-1 mice.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cholesterol; Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Gestat | 2010 |
Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Birth Weight; Body Siz | 2010 |
Maternal exposure to leflunomide and methotrexate in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Ma | 2010 |
Value of the small cohort study including a physical examination for minor structural defects in identifying new human teratogens.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Carbamaz | 2011 |
[Active psoriatic arthritis during pregnancy: challenges and limitations of pharmacotherapy].
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Contraindications; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; | 2010 |
Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antirheumatic Agents; Chondrodysplasia Punctata; Ductus Arteriosus, Pat | 2012 |
Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150,000 pregnant women and expectant fathers.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antir | 2012 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in islet xenotransplantation: a tool for gaining further insights in the mechanisms of the rejection process.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Heterophile; Cyclosporine; Female; Fetal Tiss | 2002 |
The use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in women with rheumatoid arthritis of childbearing age: a survey of practice patterns and pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Attitude of Health Perso | 2003 |
Therapy with immunosuppressive drugs and biological agents and use of contraception in patients with rheumatic disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; Congenital Abnormalities; Cont | 2007 |
Maternal exposure to leflunomide associated with blindness and cerebral palsy.
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Blindness; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Isoxazoles; | 2007 |
Efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in islet xenotransplantation: leflunomide in combination with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil prevents islet xenograft rejection in the pig-to-rat model.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Complement System Proteins; Cyclosporine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Comb | 1997 |
Teratogen update: reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child.
Topics: Animals; Breast Feeding; Carcinogenicity Tests; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles | 2001 |
Leflunomide: new antirheumatic drug. Effect on pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Immunosuppress | 2001 |
Monitoring leflunomide (Arava) as a new potential teratogen.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Isoxazoles; Lef | 2002 |