Page last updated: 2024-10-30

leflunomide and Autoimmune Disease

leflunomide has been researched along with Autoimmune Disease in 33 studies

Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.
leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Leflunomide, a new oral immunomodulatory agent, is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."8.81Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. ( Harisdangkul, V; Sanders, S, 2002)
"Leflunomide (Arava) has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."8.80Leflunomide: an immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. ( Herrmann, ML; Kirschbaum, BJ; Schleyerbach, R, 2000)
"To investigate the protective efficacy of leflunomide on the Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)."7.81[Effects of leflunomide on experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats]. ( Fang, C; He, Y; Huang, C; Li, J; Lin, Z; Zhan, S; Zhou, D, 2015)
"To investigate the efficacy of leflunomide in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in rats."7.79Amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveitis by leflunomide in Lewis rats. ( Fang, CB; He, Y; Huang, C; Li, J; Lin, Z; Zhan, SX; Zhou, DX, 2013)
"To evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs."7.76Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008). ( Baker, TA; Colopy, SA; Muir, P, 2010)
"Leflunomide (LEF) is a novel immunomodulator which has been reported to be efficacious in experimental models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in treating rheumatoid arthritis in man."7.69Leflunomide: inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. ( Lang, LS; Robertson, SM, 1994)
"Leflunomide has been successfully used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis for many years."6.52Leflunomide and teriflunomide: altering the metabolism of pyrimidines for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. ( Brooks, JB; Fragoso, YD, 2015)
"Leflunomide is a classic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug that is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases."5.41Leflunomide: Traditional immunosuppressant with concurrent antiviral effects. ( Chen, Y; He, C; Li, M; Liu, S; Wang, L; Wu, D; Yang, Y; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zheng, K, 2023)
"Brequinar sodium (BQR) was originally developed as an antitumor drug and subsequently as an immunosuppressant for controlling transplant rejection."5.30Control of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by brequinar sodium: mechanisms of action. ( Blinder, L; Chong, AS; Gong, H; Shen, J; Williams, JW; Xu, X, 1997)
"Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies specific to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are formed, leading to a gradual destruction of the receptors in muscles that are responsible for picking up nerve impulses, and results in weakness and eventual loss of muscle function."5.29Leflunomide prevents the development of experimentally induced myasthenia gravis. ( Apostolski, S; Bartlett, RR; Damjanovic, M; Isakovic, K; Kosec, D; Vidic-Dankovic, B, 1995)
"Experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), induced in Brown Norway rats, is an autoimmune disorder in which afflicted animals display high levels of serum autoantibodies directed against antigens present on the tubular basement membrane (TBM)."5.28Leflunomide (HWA 486) inhibits experimental autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in rats. ( Bartlett, RR; Langer, KH; Schleyerbach, R; Sitter, T; Thoenes, GH, 1989)
" Leflunomide (CAS 75706-12-6), a drug approved for the treatment of treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was identified as an inhibitor of DHODH."4.87Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors, a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. ( Leban, J; Vitt, D, 2011)
" The earlier use of methotrexate and the introduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have changed the natural characteristics of the disease."4.87[Systemic autoimmune disorders and pregnancy]. ( Kiss, CG; Kiss, E; Poór, G, 2011)
" This article reviews the place of leflunomide in clinical practice and outlines its potential applications beyond its licenced indication, rheumatoid arthritis."4.82The broadening use of leflunomide in clinical practice. ( Kiely, PD, 2004)
"Leflunomide, a new oral immunomodulatory agent, is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."4.81Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. ( Harisdangkul, V; Sanders, S, 2002)
"Leflunomide (Arava) has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."4.80Leflunomide: an immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. ( Herrmann, ML; Kirschbaum, BJ; Schleyerbach, R, 2000)
"Leflunomide is a new immunomodulatory drug that is effective in experimental models of autoimmune diseases and in allo or xenotransplantation."4.79Leflunomide and malononitrilamides. ( Morris, RE; Silva Júnior, HT, 1997)
"To investigate the protective efficacy of leflunomide on the Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)."3.81[Effects of leflunomide on experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats]. ( Fang, C; He, Y; Huang, C; Li, J; Lin, Z; Zhan, S; Zhou, D, 2015)
"To investigate the efficacy of leflunomide in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in rats."3.79Amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveitis by leflunomide in Lewis rats. ( Fang, CB; He, Y; Huang, C; Li, J; Lin, Z; Zhan, SX; Zhou, DX, 2013)
"Leflunomide (LEF) is effective not only in different animal models of autoimmune diseases and the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritisbut also in graft rejection."3.78The effects of leflunomide on CD4(+)CD25 (+)Foxp3 (+) T regulatory cells in mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. ( Duan, K; Jin, D; Peng, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2012)
"To evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs."3.76Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008). ( Baker, TA; Colopy, SA; Muir, P, 2010)
"Leflunomide (LEF) is a novel immunomodulator which has been reported to be efficacious in experimental models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in treating rheumatoid arthritis in man."3.69Leflunomide: inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. ( Lang, LS; Robertson, SM, 1994)
"Leflunomide has been successfully used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis for many years."2.52Leflunomide and teriflunomide: altering the metabolism of pyrimidines for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. ( Brooks, JB; Fragoso, YD, 2015)
"Leflunomide has been shown to be very effective in preventing and curing several autoimmune animal diseases."2.38Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplantation rejection. ( Bartlett, RR; Bremer, E; Dimitrijevic, M; Germann, T; Küchle, CC; Mattar, T; Rüde, E; Schorlemmer, HU; Thoenes, GH; Zielinski, T, 1991)
"Leflunomide is an isoxazol derivative with immunosuppressive capacities in various experimental allo- and xenotransplantation models."1.31Leflunomide-mediated suppression of antiviral antibody and Tcell responses: differential restoration by uridine. ( Fehr, T; Ochsenbein, AF; Pinschewer, DD; Zinkernagel, RM, 2001)
"Brequinar sodium (BQR) was originally developed as an antitumor drug and subsequently as an immunosuppressant for controlling transplant rejection."1.30Control of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by brequinar sodium: mechanisms of action. ( Blinder, L; Chong, AS; Gong, H; Shen, J; Williams, JW; Xu, X, 1997)
"Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies specific to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are formed, leading to a gradual destruction of the receptors in muscles that are responsible for picking up nerve impulses, and results in weakness and eventual loss of muscle function."1.29Leflunomide prevents the development of experimentally induced myasthenia gravis. ( Apostolski, S; Bartlett, RR; Damjanovic, M; Isakovic, K; Kosec, D; Vidic-Dankovic, B, 1995)
"Experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), induced in Brown Norway rats, is an autoimmune disorder in which afflicted animals display high levels of serum autoantibodies directed against antigens present on the tubular basement membrane (TBM)."1.28Leflunomide (HWA 486) inhibits experimental autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in rats. ( Bartlett, RR; Langer, KH; Schleyerbach, R; Sitter, T; Thoenes, GH, 1989)

Research

Studies (33)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (6.06)18.7374
1990's12 (36.36)18.2507
2000's7 (21.21)29.6817
2010's10 (30.30)24.3611
2020's2 (6.06)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Zheng, K1
Chen, Y1
Liu, S1
He, C1
Yang, Y1
Wu, D1
Wang, L1
Li, M1
Zeng, X1
Zhang, F1
Hammad, I1
Porter, TF1
Wang, Y1
Li, K1
Gao, D1
Luo, G1
Zhao, Y2
Wang, X1
Zhang, J2
Jin, J1
Zhao, Z1
Yang, C1
Zhu, J1
Huang, F1
Fang, CB1
Zhou, DX1
Zhan, SX1
He, Y2
Lin, Z2
Huang, C2
Li, J2
Fragoso, YD1
Brooks, JB1
Fang, C1
Zhou, D1
Zhan, S1
Colopy, SA1
Baker, TA1
Muir, P1
Leban, J1
Vitt, D1
Prasad, R1
Singh, UK1
Mittal, R1
Mishra, OP1
Kiss, E1
Kiss, CG1
Poór, G1
Jin, D1
Duan, K1
Zhang, L1
Peng, J1
Palazzo, E1
Yahia, SA1
Frieling, U1
Luger, TA1
Mayer, DF1
Kushwaha, SS1
Kiely, PD1
Vidic-Dankovic, B1
Kosec, D1
Damjanovic, M1
Apostolski, S1
Isakovic, K1
Bartlett, RR6
Robertson, SM1
Lang, LS1
Anagnostopulos, H1
Zielinski, T3
Mattar, T2
Schleyerbach, R3
Brazelton, TR1
Morris, RE2
Brendel, S1
Schorlemmer, HU2
Silva Júnior, HT1
Xu, X2
Blinder, L2
Shen, J3
Gong, H2
Finnegan, A1
Williams, JW3
Chong, AS3
Guo, Z1
Mital, D1
Tian, Y1
Foster, P1
Sankary, H1
McChesney, L1
Jensik, SC1
Dimitrijevic, M3
Milenkovic, M1
Milosavljevic, P1
Colic, M1
Stosic-Grujicic, S1
Bartlett, R1
Herrmann, ML1
Kirschbaum, BJ1
Pinschewer, DD1
Ochsenbein, AF1
Fehr, T1
Zinkernagel, RM1
Sanders, S1
Harisdangkul, V1
Wozel, G1
Pfeiffer, C1
Germann, T1
Rüde, E1
Thoenes, GH2
Küchle, CC1
Bremer, E1
Sitter, T1
Langer, KH1
Popovic, S1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
New Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mycophenolate Mofetil-Daclizumab Clinical Trial (Preservation of Pancreatic Production of Insulin Through Immunosuppression-POPPII #1)[NCT00100178]Phase 2126 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Mean Stimulated C-peptide Area Under the Curve

The primary outcome is the area under the stimulated C-peptide curve (AUC) based on data collected at time 0 to 2 hours of a 4-hour mixed meal glucose tolerance test (MMTT) conducted at the primary endpoint visit. The timed measurements are done at: 0, 15, 30 60, 90, and 120 minutes. (NCT00100178)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpmol/ml (Geometric Mean)
MMF and DZB0.28
Placebo Control0.27
MMF Alone0.25

Reviews

19 reviews available for leflunomide and Autoimmune Disease

ArticleYear
Leflunomide: Traditional immunosuppressant with concurrent antiviral effects.
    International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2023, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide

2023
An Update on Biologic Agents During Pregnancy.
    Clinics in perinatology, 2020, Volume: 47, Issue:4

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humani

2020
Combination therapy of leflunomide and glucocorticoids for the maintenance of remission in patients with IgG4-related disease: a retrospective study and literature review.
    Internal medicine journal, 2017, Volume: 47, Issue:6

    Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Humans;

2017
Leflunomide and teriflunomide: altering the metabolism of pyrimidines for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
    Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Crotonates; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxaz

2015
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors, a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2011, Volume: 61, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Dihydroorotate

2011
Immunosuppressive therapy in children.
    Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011, Volume: 109, Issue:2

    Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Gluc

2011
[Systemic autoimmune disorders and pregnancy].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2011, Oct-23, Volume: 152, Issue:43

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimalarials; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Arthrit

2011
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune diseases.
    Joint bone spine, 2012, Volume: 79, Issue:4

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rhe

2012
Mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide: promising compounds for the treatment of skin diseases.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2002, Volume: 27, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Fertility; Fetal Death; Humans; Immunosuppressive

2002
Transplant immunosuppressant agents and their role in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
    Current opinion in rheumatology, 2003, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug

2003
The broadening use of leflunomide in clinical practice.
    Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998), 2004, Volume: 65, Issue:12

    Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents;

2004
Effects of leflunomide on immune responses and models of inflammation.
    Springer seminars in immunopathology, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Cytokines

1993
Molecular mechanisms of action of new xenobiotic immunosuppressive drugs: tacrolimus (FK506), sirolimus (rapamycin), mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide.
    Current opinion in immunology, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Lefluno

1996
Leflunomide, an immunorestoring drug for the therapy of autoimmune disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibody Formation; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimm

1996
Leflunomide and malononitrilamides.
    The American journal of the medical sciences, 1997, Volume: 313, Issue:5

    Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cr

1997
Leflunomide: an immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
    Immunopharmacology, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Dihydr

2000
Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity.
    The American journal of the medical sciences, 2002, Volume: 323, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Clinical Trials

2002
[Leflunomide--a new drug for pharmacological immunomodulation].
    Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2002, Volume: 53, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Psoriasis;

2002
Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplantation rejection.
    Agents and actions, 1991, Volume: 32, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Autoimmune Diseases; Disease

1991

Other Studies

14 other studies available for leflunomide and Autoimmune Disease

ArticleYear
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveitis by leflunomide in Lewis rats.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Chemokines; Disease Models, Animal; Eye; Female; Gene Expression Regul

2013
[Effects of leflunomide on experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats].
    [Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology, 2015, Volume: 51, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Cyclosporine; Down-Regulation; Eye Proteins; Immunosuppressive Agents;

2015
Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008).
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010, Feb-01, Volume: 236, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Autoimmune Diseases; Dog Diseases; Dogs

2010
The effects of leflunomide on CD4(+)CD25 (+)Foxp3 (+) T regulatory cells in mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
    Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Autoimmune Diseases; Bone Marrow Transplantation; CD4-Positive T-Ly

2012
Leflunomide prevents the development of experimentally induced myasthenia gravis.
    International journal of immunopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Flow Cytometry; Immunization; Immunosuppressiv

1995
Leflunomide: inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats.
    Agents and actions, 1994, Volume: 42, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Arrestin; Autoimmune D

1994
In vivo mechanism by which leflunomide controls lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice.
    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1997, Jul-01, Volume: 159, Issue:1

    Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Crotonates; Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; Hydroxybu

1997
Control of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by brequinar sodium: mechanisms of action.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 283, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Biphenyl Compounds; Cytidine Triphosphate; Female; Imm

1997
Immunosuppression preventing concordant xenogeneic islet graft rejection is not sufficient to prevent recurrence of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
    Transplantation, 1998, May-27, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Graft Reje

1998
Effects of leflunomide on experimental autoimmune myocarditis with special reference to the dendritic cells.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Dendritic Cells; Freund's Adjuvant; Heart; Immunosuppressive Agents; I

1998
Leflunomide protects mice from multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-SZ)-induced insulitis and diabetes.
    Clinical and experimental immunology, 1999, Volume: 117, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dose-Response Relationship,

1999
Leflunomide-mediated suppression of antiviral antibody and Tcell responses: differential restoration by uridine.
    Transplantation, 2001, Aug-27, Volume: 72, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dia

2001
Leflunomide (HWA 486) inhibits experimental autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in rats.
    International journal of immunopharmacology, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Basement Memb

1989
Disease modifying activity of HWA 486 on the development of SLE in MRL/1-mice.
    Agents and actions, 1986, Volume: 19, Issue:5-6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Lupus Erythematosus

1986