latrunculin-b and Breast-Neoplasms

Modified actin dynamics are a unique feature of transformed cancer cells and thereby promising targets for cancer chemotherapy. While latrunculin B (LB) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), both derived from natural sources, inhibit actin polymerization, jasplakinolide (JSP) prevents actin depolymerization. The purpose of this study was to examine the detailed molecular action of actin disruption inducing apoptosis via double strand breaks (DSBs). Actin disruption induced phosphorylation of H2AX, a well known DSB marker leading to G2 arrest and consequently resulted in apoptosis on MCF-7 cancer cells. Cells impaired by actin disruption activated Erk (extracellular signal-related kinase) and p53 protein was involved in DNA damage responses, but did not change the levels of p21Cip1/WAF1 protein in MCF-7 cells. To overcome the DSBs by actin disruption, MCF-7 cells set the repair system through the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. These results indicate that actin is involved in the signaling inducing DSBs and HR repair as well as G2 cell cycle arrest in human cancer. Therefore, the results suggest that actin disruption might be a potential candidate for developing anti-cancer therapies in human breast cancer.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; DNA Repair; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Histones; Humans; Phosphorylation; Recombination, Genetic; Thiazolidines

The marine-derived macrolides latrunculins A ( 1) and B, from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, have been found to reversibly bind actin monomers, forming a 1:1 complex with G-actin and disrupting its polymerization. The microfilament protein actin is responsible for several essential functions within the cell such as cytokinesis and cell migration. One of the main binding pharmacophores of 1 to G-actin was identified as the C-17 lactol hydroxyl moiety that binds arginine 210 NH. Latrunculin A-17- O-carbamates 2- 6 were prepared by reaction with the corresponding isocyanates. Latrunculin A ( 1) and carbamates 4- 6 displayed potent anti-invasive activity against the human highly metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3M cells in a Matrigel assay at a concentration range of 50 nM to 1 microM. Latrunculin A ( 1, 500 nM) decreased the disaggregation and cell migration of PC-3M-CT+ spheroids by 3-fold. Carbamates 4 and 5 were 2.5- and 5-fold more active than 1, respectively, in this assay with less actin binding affinity. Latrunculin A ( 1, IC 50 6.7 microM) and its 17- O-[ N-(benzyl)carbamate ( 6, IC 50 29 microM) suppress hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in T47D breast tumor cells.

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Carbamates; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; Male; Molecular Structure; Porifera; Prostatic Neoplasms; Thiazolidines