latanoprost and Eye-Injuries

Latanoprost, and other prostaglandin analogs, have been previously associated with increased pigmentary reactions on the periocular skin. Here, we present a patient with paradoxical depigmentation of periocular skin within 1 year of latanoprost use in both eyes. This report is the first to document such an association, and clinicians should be aware of this adverse effect and monitor for signs accordingly.

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Eye Injuries; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rupture; Skin Pigmentation

To investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on ocular surface toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved latanoprost.. Twenty-one white rabbits (42 eyes) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was untreated. The two experimental groups were treated with 0.02% BAC-containing latanoprost once a day combined with unpreserved 0.3% SH or PBS three times daily for 60 days. Schirmer test, fluorescein and rose bengal staining, and conjunctiva impression cytology were performed on days 0, 31, and 61. Apoptosis of conjunctival epithelium was detected by TUNEL assay on day 61. Conjunctival inflammation was evaluated with light microscopy. Cornea and conjunctiva ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy.. Compared with the control group, the PBS-treated latanoprost group showed increases in fluorescein and rose bengal scores, decreases in Schirmer scores, and goblet cell density (GCD) on days 31 and 61. Increases in inflammatory and apoptotic cells in conjunctiva, and ultrastructural disorders of the cornea and conjunctiva were also observed on day 61. Compared with the PBS-treated latanoprost group, the SH-treated latanoprost group showed decreases in fluorescein and rose bengal scores, and increases in Schirmer scores and GCD on days 31 and 61. Decreases in inflammatory and apoptotic cells in conjunctiva and amelioration of ultrastructural disorders were also observed.. Topical application of SH significantly decreased the ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved latanoprost. As a vehicle or neutralizing material, SH could be proposed to reduce ocular toxicity and protect the ocular surface in long-term BAK-preserved antiglaucoma medication treatment.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Eye Injuries; Female; Hyaluronic Acid; Latanoprost; Microscopy, Confocal; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rabbits; Rose Bengal

Cationic emulsions (CEs), developed as vehicles for lipophilic drugs, have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of dry eye. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% CE (latanoprost-CE) in in vitro and in vivo models of corneal wound healing.. An in vitro wound was made by scraping through a confluent layer of human corneal epithelial cells. Cytotoxicity, cell migration, and proliferation were analyzed after an exposure to phosphate-buffered saline, CE, latanoprost-CE, 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (0.02%BAK), and Xalatan (latanoprost). In vivo, the recovery and integrity of corneal wound healing were assessed in rat eyes instilled twice a day for 5 days with the above treatments after deepithelialization of the superior cornea.. In vitro wound distances decreased at 2 and 24 hours for human corneal epithelial cells exposed to CE, latanoprost-CE, and phosphate-buffered saline, whereas they progressively increased for 0.02%BAK-treated and latanoprost-treated cells. The greater wound closure was associated with a higher number of Ki67-positive cells. In CE- and latanoprost-CE-treated rats, reepithelialization of the cornea was enhanced, restoring normal appearance and function. In contrast, 0.02%BAK or latanoprost delayed corneal healing, induced inflammation, and decreased MUC5-AC expression.. Both models effectively evaluated the cytotoxicity and dynamic recovery of corneal wound healing, and their correlation supports the potential of the in vitro model as a reliable alternative to in vivo ocular toxicity tests. Both models demonstrated that in the face of corneal injury, CEs favored corneal healing, whereas BAK was deleterious.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Corneal Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Emulsions; Epithelium, Corneal; Eye Injuries; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Latanoprost; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Mucin 5AC; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rats; Wound Healing