latanoprost and Dry-Eye-Syndromes

In recent years, with the aging of the population and the frequent use of electronic devices, many eye diseases have shown a linear upward trend, such as dry eye disease, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. These diseases are often chronic and difficult to cure. Based on the structure and barrier of the human eye, this review describes the pathogenesis and treatments of several intractable eye diseases and summarizes the advanced ocular drug delivery systems to provide new treatment ideas for these diseases. Finally, we also look forward to the prospect of RNAi therapy in the treatment of eye diseases.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Diabetic Retinopathy; Drug Delivery Systems; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Latanoprost; Macular Degeneration; Photosensitizing Agents; Timolol; Treatment Outcome; Verteporfin

The safety profile of the different glaucoma medications is an important issue when initiating therapy in glaucomatous patients. The decision on which medication to prescribe depends not only on the type of glaucoma, but also on the patient's medical history and needs a detailed knowledge of the potential side-effects of each medication. Medications side effects may be an important cause of non adherence for the individual patient The properties of the drugs, the composition of the glaucoma eyedrops and the dynamics of ocular drug absorption must be considered. The ocular surface changes induced by long-term antiglaucomatous treatment especially by their preservatives are a major cause of intolerance or poor tolerance to glaucoma eyedrops. Moreover topically applied ophthalmic medications can attain sufficient serum levels through absorption into conjunctival and nasal mucosas to have systemic effects and to potentially interact with other drugs. Then this presentation will deal with the ocular and systemic side-effects which can be encountered with the different classes of the currently available glaucoma topical medications. Recommendations than can be applied to reduce both frequency and severity of side-effects of glaucoma medications will be stressed on. Concurrently patients should be fully informed not only about their disease but also the medications they used and what side-effects they have to expect.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Latanoprost; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Prostaglandins, Synthetic

To investigate the side effects of preservative-free 0.005% latanoprost on the murine ocular surface.. We applied 0.005% latanoprost or vehicle in mice in two patterns for 14 to 28 days. Tear production was measured by phenol red cotton test, and corneal epithelial barrier function was assessed by Oregon-green-dextran (OGD) staining. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to quantify conjunctival goblet cells (GCs). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9, occludin-1 and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in corneal epithelium was assessed by immunofluorescent staining and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Inflammation in conjunctiva was assessed by activation of P38 and NF-κB, infiltration of CD4+ T cells, and production inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-13. Apoptosis in ocular surface was assessed by TUNEL and immunofluorescent staining for activated caspase-3 and -8. Cell viability assay was performed in human corneal epithelial cells.. Topical latanoprost treatment decreased tear production, induced conjunctival GC loss, disrupted the corneal epithelial barrier, and promoted cell apoptosis in the ocular surface. Topical latanoprost treatment increased the expression of MMP-3 and -9, and decreased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin-1 in the corneal epithelium. Topical application of latanoprost promoted activation of P38-NF-κB signaling and production of TNF-α and IL-1β in conjunctiva. Topical application of latanoprost increased CD4+ T cells infiltration, with increased production of IFN-γ and IL-17A and decreased production of IL-13 in conjunctiva.. 0.005% latanoprost induced dry eye-like ocular surface damage via promotion of inflammation in mice.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blotting, Western; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Dry Eye Syndromes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelium, Corneal; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Inflammation; Latanoprost; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Occludin; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tears; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

To investigate the clinical relevance of two different preservative formulations, we compared 1-year incidence rates of additional coding of dry eye, ocular infection, or ocular surface disease (either dry eye or ocular infection) in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients newly treated with latanoprost with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) or with travoprost-Z with SofZia®.. This was a retrospective study of three U.S.-based patient-centric medical/pharmacy claims databases (MedStat, PharMetrics, i3-Ingenix). Patients were eligible if they filled a prescription for latanoprost or travoprost-Z between October 2006 and Q2 2008 (prescription date = index date) AND were continuously enrolled 6 months prior through 12 months after the index date AND had any open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension diagnosis within 90 days prior to the index date AND did not have an ocular surface disease diagnosis during the 180 days prior to the index date AND if they had not had a prescription for the index agent in the 180 days prior to the index date. Time to incidence of new coding for ocular surface disease in the first year post-index was estimated with a composite endpoint: diagnosis of dry eye or ocular infection by ICD-9-CM or Current Procedural Terminology code OR by prescription for cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion or ocular antibiotics.. In all, 15,933 patients were treated with latanoprost and 7670 with travoprost-Z. Over 1 year, 4.3% of latanoprost and 4.5% of travoprost-Z patients were identified with dry eye (p = 0.28), and 10.9% and 11.1%, respectively, were identified with an ocular infection (p = 0.79). The 1-year incidence of new coding for ocular surface disease also was similar across treatments (13.9% vs 14.3%, respectively; p = 0.48).. The retrospective analysis of three large prescription databases revealed that open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients newly treated with latanoprost preserved with BAK or travoprost-Z preserved with SofZia did not differ statistically in rates of dry eye, ocular infection, or ocular surface disease (either dry eye or ocular infection) during the first year post-index. Claims-based analyses are limited by nonrandomization and the inability to account for over-the-counter use or samples.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Cloprostenol; Current Procedural Terminology; Databases, Factual; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Infections; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Latanoprost; Male; Medicine; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pharmacy; Prescriptions; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Retrospective Studies; Travoprost

To determine the effects of travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% treatment on ocular surface in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.. Clinical, observational prospective study, during 6 months on two groups of patients newly diagnosed with POAG. Group I (10 patients) was treated with travoprost 0.004% and group II (10 patients) was treated with latanoprost 0.005%. The groups were homogeneous about age and sex, exclusion criteria being any ocular or general associated pathology Routine ophthalmic examination was performed before and after treatment. At each examination was performed Schirmer 1 test and break up time test. Conjunctival cytology specimen was taken and goblet cells density evaluated.. There was statistically significant difference in goblet cell density Schirmer 1 test and BUT test before and after treatment (p<0.05). For the both groups the decrease of IOP was similar (from 23.7+/-1.5 mmHg to 15.4+/-1.7 mmHg in group I and from 24.3+/-1.5 mmHg to 15.8+/-1.7 mmHg in group II).. This study showed that travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% treatment can have adverse effects on ocular surface and may give rise to dry eye symptoms.

Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cloprostenol; Conjunctiva; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dry Eye Syndromes; Epithelium; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Travoprost