latanoprost and Conjunctivitis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzalkonium Compounds; Bimatoprost; Comorbidity; Conjunctivitis; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prospective Studies; Tears

To investigate the side effects of preservative-free 0.005% latanoprost on the murine ocular surface.. We applied 0.005% latanoprost or vehicle in mice in two patterns for 14 to 28 days. Tear production was measured by phenol red cotton test, and corneal epithelial barrier function was assessed by Oregon-green-dextran (OGD) staining. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to quantify conjunctival goblet cells (GCs). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9, occludin-1 and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in corneal epithelium was assessed by immunofluorescent staining and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Inflammation in conjunctiva was assessed by activation of P38 and NF-κB, infiltration of CD4+ T cells, and production inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-13. Apoptosis in ocular surface was assessed by TUNEL and immunofluorescent staining for activated caspase-3 and -8. Cell viability assay was performed in human corneal epithelial cells.. Topical latanoprost treatment decreased tear production, induced conjunctival GC loss, disrupted the corneal epithelial barrier, and promoted cell apoptosis in the ocular surface. Topical latanoprost treatment increased the expression of MMP-3 and -9, and decreased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin-1 in the corneal epithelium. Topical application of latanoprost promoted activation of P38-NF-κB signaling and production of TNF-α and IL-1β in conjunctiva. Topical application of latanoprost increased CD4+ T cells infiltration, with increased production of IFN-γ and IL-17A and decreased production of IL-13 in conjunctiva.. 0.005% latanoprost induced dry eye-like ocular surface damage via promotion of inflammation in mice.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blotting, Western; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Dry Eye Syndromes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelium, Corneal; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Inflammation; Latanoprost; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Occludin; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tears; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

To investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on ocular surface toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved latanoprost.. Twenty-one white rabbits (42 eyes) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was untreated. The two experimental groups were treated with 0.02% BAC-containing latanoprost once a day combined with unpreserved 0.3% SH or PBS three times daily for 60 days. Schirmer test, fluorescein and rose bengal staining, and conjunctiva impression cytology were performed on days 0, 31, and 61. Apoptosis of conjunctival epithelium was detected by TUNEL assay on day 61. Conjunctival inflammation was evaluated with light microscopy. Cornea and conjunctiva ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy.. Compared with the control group, the PBS-treated latanoprost group showed increases in fluorescein and rose bengal scores, decreases in Schirmer scores, and goblet cell density (GCD) on days 31 and 61. Increases in inflammatory and apoptotic cells in conjunctiva, and ultrastructural disorders of the cornea and conjunctiva were also observed on day 61. Compared with the PBS-treated latanoprost group, the SH-treated latanoprost group showed decreases in fluorescein and rose bengal scores, and increases in Schirmer scores and GCD on days 31 and 61. Decreases in inflammatory and apoptotic cells in conjunctiva and amelioration of ultrastructural disorders were also observed.. Topical application of SH significantly decreased the ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved latanoprost. As a vehicle or neutralizing material, SH could be proposed to reduce ocular toxicity and protect the ocular surface in long-term BAK-preserved antiglaucoma medication treatment.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzalkonium Compounds; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Eye Injuries; Female; Hyaluronic Acid; Latanoprost; Microscopy, Confocal; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rabbits; Rose Bengal

Subclinical inflammation may be observed in patients using topical antiglaucomatous drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate inflammation in conjunctiva of glaucoma patients using prostaglandin analogs, by the detection of an immunogenetic marker (HLA-DR) and compare the effect of 3 different drugs: latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost in the induction of this inflammation.. Thirty-three patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were evaluated without and with prostaglandin analogs topical therapy. Imprints of conjunctival cells were obtained, fixed on glass slides, and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis.. Before the use of prostaglandin analogs, 4 of the 33 patients evaluated presented expression of HLA-DR in the conjunctiva (mild). After 1 month on prostaglandin analog treatment, all but 1 patient presented HLA-DR staining. HLA-DR expression of these 32 patients was scored as mild (19 patients), medium (11 patients), or intense (2 patients). The differences were statistically significant both when the presence and the increased expression of HLA-DR were considered (P<0.001). When the 3 different groups were analyzed (latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost) no statistically significant difference was found (P=0.27).. The use of prostaglandin analogs eye drops provokes a subclinical inflammatory reaction, observed by HLA-DR expression, even after a short period of treatment, independently of the class of the prostaglandin analogs used.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Biomarkers; Cloprostenol; Conjunctivitis; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Travoprost