latanoprost and Cataract

In recent years, with the aging of the population and the frequent use of electronic devices, many eye diseases have shown a linear upward trend, such as dry eye disease, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. These diseases are often chronic and difficult to cure. Based on the structure and barrier of the human eye, this review describes the pathogenesis and treatments of several intractable eye diseases and summarizes the advanced ocular drug delivery systems to provide new treatment ideas for these diseases. Finally, we also look forward to the prospect of RNAi therapy in the treatment of eye diseases.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Diabetic Retinopathy; Drug Delivery Systems; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Latanoprost; Macular Degeneration; Photosensitizing Agents; Timolol; Treatment Outcome; Verteporfin

To evaluate the effect of postoperative latanoprost administration on central macular thickness (CMT) after uneventful cataract surgery in glaucoma patients.. Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.. Prospective randomized clinical trial.. In this single-masked trial, glaucoma patients treated with latanoprost who had no other risk factor for the development of pseudophakic macular edema were randomly allocated to continuation of latanoprost or discontinuation of the drop after uneventful cataract surgery. At baseline and postoperatively at 1 month and 3 months, patients had complete ocular examinations and CMT measurements using optical coherence tomography. The main outcome measure was the change in the CMT between baseline measurements and postoperative measurements at 1 month and 3 months.. One hundred fifty-six eyes (latanoprost 76; discontinuation 80) finished the trial. There were no differences in baseline patient demographics or characteristics, including the CMT, between the two groups. There was transient increase in the mean CMT by 12 μm ± 49 (SD) in the latanoprost group at 1 month (P = .03); however, the value returned to baseline by 3 months (6 ± 55 μm; P = .27). The between-group difference in the mean change in the CMT from baseline was -3.1 μm (95% confidence interval [CI], -18.4 to 12.0; P = .68) after 1 month and -10.5 μm (95% CI, -26.6 to 5.5; P = .19) after 3 months; the differences were not significant.. Latanoprost administration after cataract surgery had no measurable effect on macular thickness.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Follow-Up Studies; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Macula Lutea; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity

This study evaluated the effects of acetazolamide, latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, brimonidine, brinzolamide, and timolol on pain during phacoemulsification cataract surgery.. This prospective randomized comparative study included 323 eyes of 323 patients with no history of intraocular surgery or chronic eye disease who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery and foldable intraocular lens implantation under topical anesthesia. Patients were divided into 8 groups according to the preoperative prophylactic intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication. The intraoperative pain was assessed postoperatively using a visual analog pain scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test investigated the differences in the visual analog pain-scale scores of the groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test investigated the pairwise comparison of the groups.. The median visual analog pain-scale score of the group that did not receive any IOP-lowering medication was 2.0±1.89. The brimonidine group exhibited the lowest visual analog pain-scale scores, and the prostanoids, especially the bimatoprost group, demonstrated the highest visual analog pain-scale scores (median±standard deviation were 0.0±1.50 and 2.0±1.91, respectively). The median visual analog pain-scale scores of the acetazolamide, latanoprost, travoprost, brinzolamide, and timolol groups were 0.0±1.62, 2.0±1.67, 2.0±1.73, 0.0±1.66, and 1.0±1.54, respectively. A pairwise comparison using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction revealed significant differences between the groups of acetozolamide and travoprost (p=0.001), acetozolamide and bimatoprost (p<0.001), travoprost and brimonidine (p<0.001), bimatoprost and brimonidine (p<0.001), and bimatoprost and timolol (p=0.001).. Prophylactic application of the IOP-lowering medication may alter the pain sensation during phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Topics: Acetazolamide; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Brimonidine Tartrate; Cataract; Cloprostenol; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Quinoxalines; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Travoprost

Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Drug Combinations; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Male; Ophthalmic Solutions; Optic Disk; Referral and Consultation; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Fields

To compare the effects of topical 0.005% latanoprost (L) vs combined 0.005% latanoprost and 1% atropine (LA) on control of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH), development of posterior synechiae formation, pupil size, and blindness after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs.. Dogs with postoperative ocular hypertension were included in the study: L-group, latanoprost (eight dogs, 14 eyes) and LA-group, latanoprost and atropine (nine dogs, 15 eyes).. Complete ophthalmic examinations including tonometry were performed at 1, 7, and 21 days following phacoemulsification.. No significant differences were found between the measured intraocular pressure (IOP) at days 1 and 7 postphacoemulsification surgery in the L-group and the LA-group (P = 0.26 [14.12 ± 1.76 mmHg vs 16.96 ± 1.68 mmHg] and P = 0.71 [15.45 ± 1.43 mmHg vs 16.20 ± 1.36 mmHg], respectively). No significant differences were found between pupil sizes at day 7 for the two groups (P = 0.25 [13.83% vs 24.77%]). No significant differences were found between odds of posterior synechiae formation at day 21 (P = 0.92) with a probability ± SE for L-group vs LA-group at 0.27 ± 0.14 vs 0.25 ± 0.13. No significant differences were found in odds of postoperative blindness between groups (P = 0.58) with a probability ± SE of 0.21 ± 0.11 vs 0.13 ± 0.09, respectively for L and LA.. Combined topical latanoprost and atropine in dogs maintains normal postoperative IOPs but does not seem to cause increased mydriasis compared to latanoprost alone.

Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blindness; Cataract; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Latanoprost; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Male; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies

The purpose of this article is to determine the association of postoperative topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) or topical beta-blocker use and the incidence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME).. This was a nested case-control study. All adult patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 and who were enrolled in the PharMetrics Plus database were eligible for inclusion. The association between postoperative topical PGAs (bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost/travoprost-z) or beta-blocker (betaxolol, levobunolol, and timolol) use and the incidence of pseudophakic CME was assessed by conditional logistic regression.. Five hundred eight cases and 5080 controls were included in the analyses. Incidence of pseudophakic CME was found to be statistically significantly associated with the current postoperative use of both topical PGAs [relative risk (RR), 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.32] and topical beta-blockers (RR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.08-6.49). Postoperative use of each of bimatoprost (RR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.35%-5.53%) and travoprost/travoprost-z (RR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.42-7.03) in the year before diagnosis was demonstrated to be statistically significantly associated with the incidence of pseudophakic CME. This association was not observed to be statistically significant with the postoperative use of latanoprost (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.84-2.88).. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest study that has investigated the association between postoperative topical PGA or topical beta-blocker use and the incidence of pseudophakic CME. Postoperative use of both topical PGAs and topical beta-blockers was found to be associated with the incidence of pseudophakic CME.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bimatoprost; Case-Control Studies; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Incidence; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Postoperative Period; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Pseudophakia; Timolol; Travoprost

Prostaglandin analogues (PGA's) are the mainstay and first line of treatment in current glaucoma practise. Though latanoprost and bimatoprost are the most commonly used PGA's with minimal side effects at lower concentrations like bimaotoprost 0.01%, direct comparison of their cytokine/MMP profile in tears has not been evaluated earlier. The study intends to ascribe PGA to the upregulation of MMPs, Cytokines and Chemokines mediating varied pathways to result in side effects of the drugs.. Tear sample collection was done from outer canthus of 30 eyes of 30 patients (primary open angle glaucoma (n = 26 and n' = 20), normal tension glaucoma (n = 4 and n' = 10), in latanoprost (n) 0.005% and bimatoprost (n') 0.01% group respectively, with a mean age of 62±10.5 years) on >6 months of PGA use using Tear floTM Schirmer filter strip. Tear samples from 30 eyes of 30 cataract patients without drug treatment were used as the control. Gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were examined by substrate gelatine zymography MMP-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations from tears samples with PGAs were evaluated by ELISA while cytokine concentration in the eluted tears was evaluated using a convenient bioplex kit assay (Milliplex MAP kit, HCYTMAG-60K-PX41, Millipore, Massachusetts, United States). The mean duration of use of PGA in both groups did not differ significantly (median 1.3 years in bimatoprost and 1.1 years in latanoprost eyes, p = 0.6).. The tear MMP-9 expression was higher in eyes receiving latanoprost while the MMP-2 expression was higher in eyes receiving bimatoprost with MMP1 protein levels being higher in the former. Latanoprost treated eyes had marginally elevated tear cytokines involved in tissue remodelling while bimatoprost eyes showed elevated cytokines regulating allergic pathways.. Differential cytokine and MMP expression indicates differential signalling pathways mediating different cellular effects (evident as clinical and side effects) with the two drugs which can be explored further.

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Biomarkers; Cataract; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Latanoprost; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Tears

Topical latanoprost is a most effective and commonly used antiglaucoma medication. Use of prostaglandin analogues (PGA) in the early postoperative period is controversial due to its proinflammatory properties. We report a case of a 64-year-old man with primary open angle glaucoma, post-trabeculectomy 17 years prior, with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control on topical levobunolol 0.5% and latanoprost 0.005%. He underwent a clear corneal phacoemulsification surgery in his left eye and the PGA was stopped. He had an uneventful postoperative course and was prescribed eyeglasses at 4-week follow-up. Two weeks later, he presented to the emergency department with decreased vision in the left eye, flat anterior chamber, IOP of 00 mm Hg and 360° choroidal detachment. The continued use of topical latanoprost in the operated eye was implicated as the cause. This case illustrates the serious vision-threatening side effect of PGA when used in the early postoperative period.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anterior Chamber; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Choroid; Choroid Diseases; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Male; Medication Errors; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypotension; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Tonometry, Ocular; Trabeculectomy; Visual Acuity

Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Latanoprost; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Lenses, Intraocular; Phacoemulsification; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Timolol; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity

To measure and compare the surface tension of aqueous humor in patients with and without glaucoma.. The surface tension of aqueous humor was measured using a commercially available instrument and software that were validated by using a known fluid (deionized water and methanol). Analysis of aqueous and vitreous samples obtained from 20 rabbit eyes showed that the system could be used successfully for small amounts of ocular fluid. The effect of glaucoma drugs on the surface tension of aqueous humor was then studied in a rabbit model. Comparison of aqueous humor from 66 patients with glaucoma and 53 patients with cataracts but no glaucoma was carried out.. The surface tension of rabbit aqueous humor was 65.9 ± 1.2; vitreous, 60.6 ± 2.6; and balanced salt solution, 70.7 ± 0.9. Timolol and latanoprost did not alter the surface tension of the aqueous humor in the rabbit model. The average surface tension of human aqueous humor was 63.33 ± 4.0 (glaucomatous eyes) and 66.19 ± 2.64 (nonglaucomatous eyes with cataracts) (P=0.0001).. A technique of measuring the surface tension from small quantities of aqueous humor is validated. Surface tension of the aqueous humor in glaucoma patients was less than that of cataract patients.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aqueous Humor; Cataract; Glaucoma; Humans; Latanoprost; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rabbits; Surface Tension; Timolol

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cataract; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; Glaucoma; Humans; Infant; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Male; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Trabeculectomy; Trisomy

To investigate the incidence of visually significant cystoid macular edema associated with the use of latanoprost in patients with glaucoma after cataract surgery.. This is a multicenter, retrospective study of 185 patients, of whom 173 were pseudophakic (212 eyes) and 12 were aphakic (13 eyes), who were treated for glaucoma with latanoprost 0.005%. The posterior lens capsule was intact in 125 eyes, open or absent as a result of surgery in 25 eyes, and status-post-yttrium-aluminum-garnet capsulotomy in 75 eyes. Visual acuity was documented before and after initiating latanoprost therapy, and patients with a reduction of two or more lines on the Snellen chart were examined by fluorescein angiography for cystoid macular edema.. Visual reduction was documented in four (2.16%) patients. Three of the four patients had cystoid macular edema, and the fourth was thought to have lost a central island of vision from glaucoma. The three patients with cystoid macular edema all had ruptured posterior capsules, requiring anterior vitrectomy, and one had a previous episode of cystoid macular edema 3 years before starting latanoprost therapy.. These findings suggest that visually significant cystoid macular edema associated with latanoprost therapy in pseudophakic or aphakic patients is uncommon. If there is a cause-and-effect relationship between latanoprost therapy and clinically significant cystoid macular edema, the incidence appears to be low.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Aphakia, Postcataract; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Chronic Disease; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Incidence; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Pseudophakia; Retrospective Studies; United States; Visual Acuity