latanoprost and Acute-Disease

To provide a synopsis of primary angle closure disease in India, and Indian studies on the same.. Primary angle closure glaucoma forms almost half of all adult primary glaucomas seen in a hospital setting in India. Anatomically, corneal diameters and anterior chamber depths were least in acute and chronic PACG eyes as compared to subacute eyes and controls. Besides relative pupillary block, a Valsalva maneuver during activities of daily living may be responsible for intermittent angle closure and raised IOP in predisposed eyes. Iridotomy alone, controlled the intraocular pressure in 66.7% of subacute eyes and 12.9% of the acute. Medical therapy was additionally required for 35.5% of the acute eyes, 12.1% of the subacute and 30.0% of the chronic cases. There was a greater mean and peak IOP reduction, achieved with 0.005% latanoprost once daily, 8.2 ± 2.0 mm Hg, compared with 0.5% timolol twice daily, 6.1 ± 1.7 mm Hg2. A progression of PACS to PAC was seen in 22%, PAC to PAC OHT in 38.7% and PAC OHT to PACG in 30.7% over 5 years.. Primary angle closure disease is common in India, and can be managed well with iridotomy, followed by an appropriate control of IOP.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anterior Chamber; Antihypertensive Agents; Chronic Disease; Cornea; Disease Progression; Drug Administration Schedule; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Incidence; India; Iris; Latanoprost; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Prevalence; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Timolol

To assess the interventions to treat acute angle closure (AAC) and primary angle closure (PAC) with or without glaucomatous optic neuropathy.. Primary angle closure is one of the leading causes of blindness in East Asia. At present, there are few clinical guidelines on the optimal treatment of AAC or PAC in the affected or contralateral eye.. All randomized clinical trials, prospective controlled clinical trials, nonprospective controlled clinical trials, and retrospective case series with >50 cases that evaluated treatments for AAC or PAC were included. Studies published in the English language were identified from MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Collaborations, as well as by a hand search of the reference lists of important articles.. Nine randomized clinical trials and 24 nonrandomized clinical trials and large case series were evaluated. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) has been found to be as effective as surgical peripheral iridectomy in randomized clinical trials of the affected and contralateral eyes of AAC or PAC patients with or without evidence of glaucoma. In another randomized clinical trial, latanoprost was found to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) more than timolol for PAC in patients for whom LPI alone failed.. This review suggests that LPI should be recommended for the treatment of affected and contralateral eyes of AAC patients. In patients with PAC and insufficient treatment with LPI, latanoprost eye drops may decrease IOP more than timolol. There is still insufficient evidence about other interventions for the treatment of AAC and PAC.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antihypertensive Agents; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Iridectomy; Latanoprost; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

The role of the intestitium (the extracellular and extravascular tissue) with regard to transcapillary fluid balance and control of interstitial fluid volume has normally been considered to be a "passive controller".. This review is based upon literature collected through the authors' own studies and through Medline searches.. Recent studies, however, indicate that the connective tissue cells can actively modulate physical properties of the interstitial matrix, so that it becomes an "active" participant in transcapillary fluid exchange and thereby interstitial fluid homeostasis. The beta 1-integrin system seems to provide a common pathway by which the cells can raise and lower interstitial fluid pressure and thereby regulate the tissue fluid volume.. Experiments in which a new anti-inflammatory agent (alpha-trinositol), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and a prostagladin F2 alpha-analog (latanoprost) modulate interstitial fluid pressure and oedema generation in acute inflammation, suggest that the extracellular matrix can be a target for pharmacological intervention during inflammatory processes.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Capillary Permeability; CD18 Antigens; Cytoskeleton; Edema; Extracellular Space; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; Inflammation; Integrins; Latanoprost; Models, Biological; Osmotic Pressure; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Water-Electrolyte Balance

To evaluate the efficacy of latanoprost in reducing acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after neodymium:Yag laser iridotomy (LI).. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes were randomized to receive premedication with latanoprost and pilocarpine or with pilocarpine only before LI. Postoperative IOP changes were compared with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test using the fellow eyes of 47 patients who had one eye in each group.. Postoperative pressure spikes were significantly lower (p = 0.010) in the latanoprost group (4.1 +/- 5.0 mmHg) than in the control group (6.7 +/- 7.0 mmHg). Mean elevation of IOP was less in the latanoprost group than in the control group at 1 hour (2.5 +/- 4.8 versus 4.1 +/- 4.7 mmHg, p = 0.013) and 2 hours (0.8 +/- 5.6 versus 4.4 +/- 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.003) postoperatively. Eleven eyes in the latanoprost group (23.4%) and 20 eyes in the control group (42.6%) developed a rise in IOP > or = 6 mmHg (p = 0.048).. Latanoprost may reduce the pressure rise following LI in PACG eyes, but its application is limited by a late onset of effect.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Iris; Laser Therapy; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Pilocarpine; Premedication; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Safety; Tonometry, Ocular; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity

The case concerns an 81-year-old woman on treatment with a topical fixed combination of timolol and brimonidine who was diagnosed in the Emergency Department with acute anterior granulomatous hypertensive uveitis. The patient responded favourably to the withdrawal of the eye drops without showing any subsequent relapse.. Uveitis due to brimonidine is a rare adverse effect, but it must be known. Once the diagnosis is suspected, the effective treatment is the withdrawal of brimonidine, with or without the addition of topical corticosteroids to control inflammation depending on the severity of the condition. It is a process with an excellent prognosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Aged, 80 and over; Brimonidine Tartrate; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Cyclopentolate; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epithelium, Corneal; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Granuloma; Humans; Latanoprost; Lubricant Eye Drops; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prednisolone; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Timolol; Uveitis, Anterior

The aim of this study was to report a case of severe bilateral fibrinous anterior uveitis following pamidronate therapy in a patient on latanoprost.. This study is presented as an interventional case report.. Clinical examination showed bilateral severe fibrinous uveitis following an intravenous infusion of disodium pamidronate. Ocular signs and symptoms responded to stopping latanoprost and treatment with oral prednisolone (60 mg) and hourly topical prednisolone acetate 1%. The reintroduction of latanoprost resulted in a recurrence, which was stopped with subsequent improvement.. Mild anterior uveitis is an unfamiliar adverse effect of pamidronate therapy. However, severe fibrinous uveitis has not been previously described. This may be due to the compounding effect of latanoprost. This case highlights the importance of history taking and awareness of the otherwise uncommon side effect of this commonly prescribed medication.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Drug Interactions; Female; Fibrin; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Latanoprost; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Pamidronate; Prednisolone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Recurrence; Uveitis, Anterior

Acute angle closure glaucoma is an ocular emergency that is treatable with prompt and appropriate intervention. Recognition of this disease entity is sometimes difficult. We report a case of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma in a 55-year-old, otherwise healthy individual, and discuss the different ways the condition may present. The anatomic and pathophysiologic progression leading to an event of angle closure is discussed and treatment modalities available to the Emergency Physician are presented.

Topics: Acetazolamide; Acute Disease; Analgesics; Antihypertensive Agents; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Headache; Humans; Latanoprost; Male; Middle Aged; Miotics; Pilocarpine; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Timolol; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acetazolamide; Acute Disease; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsies, Partial; Female; Fructose; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Myopia; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Topiramate; Treatment Outcome

To determine the effect of the topical ocular hypotensive drug, isopropyl unoprostone, a docosanoid molecule with very weak prostaglandin activity, on herpes keratitis in the rabbit eye.. For acute disease, rabbit corneas inoculated with the corticosteroid-sensitive F(MP)E strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 were treated with various combinations of 0.12% isopropyl unoprostone, latanoprost, trifluridine, benzalkonium chloride 0.02%, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, ketorolac tromethamine, or saline solution beginning 1 day after infection. Severity of keratitis was evaluated in a masked manner. For recurrent disease, rabbit corneas infected with McKrae strain herpes simplex virus type 1 were treated with unoprostone or saline solution on postinfection days 25 to 42, and the presence or absence of lesions was recorded.. Eyes treated with unoprostone showed significantly less severe disease than saline-treated or latanoprost-treated eyes during acute infection. Unoprostone-treated and saline-treated eyes showed no significant difference in the frequency of recurrent lesions. Eyes treated with latanoprost and/or dexamethasone, separately or in combination, showed increased severity of acute herpes simplex virus keratitis, whereas benzalkonium chloride 0.02%--treated eyes showed no significant difference, compared with saline treatment. Trifluridine resulted in rapid healing.. Unoprostone did not increase the severity or recurrence rate of herpes simplex virus keratitis. Unoprostone requires twice-a-day administration, compared with once-a-day for latanoprost, and unoprostone lowers intraocular pressure less than latanoprost. Nevertheless, unoprostone's superior safety profile may make its use advantageous. Benzalkonium chloride alone did not make the keratitis worse.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antihypertensive Agents; Dexamethasone; Dinoprost; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Intraocular Pressure; Keratitis, Herpetic; Latanoprost; Male; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Recurrence

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Angina Pectoris; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Latanoprost; Male; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Sulfonamides; Thiophenes; Vasoconstrictor Agents

To determine whether topically applied latanoprost increases the severity of acute herpes simplex keratitis, the rate of recurrence of herpes keratitis, or both, in the rabbit.. To determine the effect on severity of acute herpetic keratitis, the corneas of New Zealand white rabbits were infected with either the less-corticosteroid-sensitive McKrae strain or the corticosteroid-sensitive F(MP)E strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Rabbits were randomly assigned to twice-a-day treatment with latanoprost 0.005%, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.1%, or balanced saline solution within 3 days of infection and evaluated daily for up to 13 days after infection. The severity of keratitis was graded in a masked manner. To determine the effect on recurrences of herpetic keratitis, animals infected with McKrae strain herpes simplex virus type 1 that survived to day 32 after infection were randomized to treatment with latanoprost 0.005% or balanced saline solution and evaluated for the presence of corneal lesions from postinfection day 32 to day 47.. In the severity studies, treatment of F(MP)E-infected corneas with latanoprost or dexamethasone significantly worsened herpetic keratitis; by postinfection day 5, F(MP)E-infected eyes treated with dexamethasone or latanoprost demonstrated significantly higher severity scores than the eyes treated with balanced saline solution (P = .0001 and .008, respectively). Scores of McKrae-infected corneas treated with latanoprost or dexamethasone were not significantly different from scores of balanced saline solution-treated corneas. In the recurrence study, treatment with latanoprost significantly increased the appearance of clinical recurrences in McKrae-infected eyes, compared with balanced saline solution treatment (P = .0064).. Latanoprost may worsen acute herpetic keratitis in the rabbit eye and increase the risk of recurrences in latently infected animals.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Animals; Cornea; Dexamethasone; Female; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Keratitis, Herpetic; Latanoprost; Male; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Rabbits; Recurrence; Virus Activation