lamotrigine and Complications, Pregnancy studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Lamotrigine is the most widely used anti-epileptic drug in pregnancy because of its low teratogenicity."	9.22	Dosage Optimization of Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: A Pharmacometric Approach Using Modeling and Simulation. ( G, SS; Kp, A; Pa, B; Thomas, G, 2022)
"To prospectively analyse the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG) during pregnancy and lactation in a consecutive series of epileptic pregnant women."	9.14	Prospectively assessed changes in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period. ( Bauer, S; Dudenhausen, JW; Fotopoulou, C; Henrich, W; Kretz, R; Schefold, JC; Schmitz, B, 2009)
" This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy."	9.12	Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. ( Demir, O; Kaplan, YC, 2021)
"In eight women treated with lamotrigine monotherapy, the lamotrigine dose/plasma concentration (D/C) ratio increased by 295% from baseline outside pregnancy to midgestation, whereas in six women treated with lamotrigine in combination with valproate, the increase was only 60%."	9.12	Valproate effects on kinetics of lamotrigine in pregnancy and treatment with oral contraceptives. ( Luef, G; Ohman, I; Pittschieler, S; Sabers, A; Tomson, T, 2006)
"This paper reviewed the relevant literature on the effects of lamotrigine on pregnancy outcomes to provide useful information regarding lamotrigine use in pregnant women with bipolar disorder."	8.98	The risks associated with the use of lamotrigine during pregnancy. ( Gao, Z; Kong, L; Wang, B; Wang, C; Zhou, T, 2018)
"Lamotrigine is used in pregnancy to control epilepsy and mood disorders."	8.95	Pregnancy Outcomes Following In Utero Exposure to Lamotrigine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Adams-Webber, T; Barzilay, E; Leibson, T; Nulman, I; Pariente, G; Shulman, T, 2017)
"The paper presents the review of literature on the age aspect of using lamotrigine in pubertal period, in women of reproductive age, during pregnancy and lactation and in climacteric period."	8.87	[Lamotrigine in treatment of women with epilepsy]. ( Agranovich, OV; Dranko, DV; Vlasov, PN, 2011)
" We present three cases of women exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with follow up of their infants until 15-18 months of development."	8.85	Neonatal outcomes with the use of lamotrigine for bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case series and review of the literature. ( Epperson, CN; Gonzalez, J; Kim, DR; O'Reardon, JP; Wakil, L, 2009)
"To provide an overview of the available literature concerning the prevention of congenital malformations following the use of lamotrigine (LMT) during pregnancy."	8.85	[Teratogenic effects of lamotrigine in women with bipolar disorder]. ( Berwaerts, K; De Fruyt, J; Sienaert, P, 2009)
"Maintaining seizure control with lamotrigine is complicated by altered pharmacokinetics and existence of subpopulations in whom clearance increases or remains constant during pregnancy."	8.31	Empiric dosing strategies to predict lamotrigine concentrations during pregnancy. ( Barry, JM; Birnbaum, AK; French, JA; Harden, CL; Karanam, A; Pennell, PB, 2023)
"During pregnancy, various physiological changes occur that can alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine (LTG)."	8.02	Estrogen profile- and pharmacogenetics-based lamotrigine dosing regimen optimization: Recommendations for pregnant women with epilepsy. ( Cao, YF; Guo, Y; Sun, XY; Tao, YY; Wang, ML; Wang, ZY; Zhao, L, 2021)
"This study was carried out to determine changes over time in use of folic acid, anti-epileptic drugs (AED), seizures during pregnancy and malformation rate over two decades in women with epilepsy enrolled in the Kerala registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy (KREP)."	7.96	Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. ( A S, R; Baishya, J; Jose, M; Keni, RR; Sankara Sarma, P; Thomas, SV, 2020)
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic changes in lamotrigine (LTG) from prepregnancy to postpartum and to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on seizure management during pregnancy in a Chinese population."	7.91	Pharmacokinetic changes and therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine during pregnancy. ( Ding, Y; Guo, Y; Tan, X; Zhang, S, 2019)
"To assess the relative risk of oral clefts associated with maternal use of high and low doses of topiramate during the first trimester for epilepsy and nonepilepsy indications."	7.88	Topiramate use early in pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts: A pregnancy cohort study. ( Bateman, BT; Cohen, JM; Desai, RJ; Hernandez-Diaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Mogun, H; Patorno, E; Pennell, PB, 2018)
"To evaluate the impact of maternal UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 genetic polymorphisms and sex of foetus on gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance during pregnancy and post-partum (PP)."	7.88	UGT polymorphisms and lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. ( Ekström, L; Hansen, TF; Öhman, I; Petrenaite, V; Sabers, A; Sæbye, D; Tomson, T, 2018)
" Among all mood stabilizers, lithium has the largest evidence base for efficacy in the peripartum period, but lamotrigine is increasingly prescribed for bipolar spectrum disorders during pregnancy."	7.85	Risk of postpartum episodes in women with bipolar disorder after lamotrigine or lithium use during pregnancy: A population-based cohort study. ( Bergink, V; Clark, CT; Kushner, SA; Liu, X; Munk-Olsen, T; Wesseloo, R, 2017)
"Here, we present the outcomes in the subset of six women who were treated with lamotrigine 100-400 mg/day for the entire pregnancy."	7.83	Maternal and Fetal Outcomes After Lamotrigine Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis from an Urban Maternal Mental Health Centre in New Zealand. ( Hatters-Friedman, S; Moller-Olsen, C; North, A; Prakash, C, 2016)
"Little information is available on the need for dosage changes for lamotrigine in pregnant women with bipolar disorder."	7.79	Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. ( Clark, CT; Helsel, J; Klein, AM; Perel, JM; Wisner, KL, 2013)
"Treatment with lamotrigine (LTG) during pregnancy is associated with a pronounced risk of seizure deterioration, because pregnancy accelerates LTG elimination."	7.78	Algorithm for lamotrigine dose adjustment before, during, and after pregnancy. ( Sabers, A, 2012)
"Health care providers reported lamotrigine exposure during pregnancy, and subsequent outcomes, on a voluntary basis."	7.77	Final results from 18 years of the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry. ( Cunnington, MC; Ferber, S; Messenheimer, JA; Tennis, P; Weil, JG; Yerby, M, 2011)
"Lamotrigine (LTG) is increasingly being prescribed in pregnancy for women with epilepsy in place of valproate (VPA), because of the teratogenic risks associated with the latter."	7.76	Is lamotrigine a significant human teratogen? Observations from the Australian Pregnancy Register. ( Eadie, MJ; Graham, JE; Hitchcock, AA; Lander, CM; O'Brien, TJ; Vajda, FJ, 2010)
"Variations in the plasma concentration of levetiracetam during pregnancy and postpartum were prospectively monitored in five women to investigate their potential implications in epilepsy management and child outcome."	7.75	Levetiracetam plasma level monitoring during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: clinical and outcome implications. ( Cid, AO; Juste, AO; López-Fraile, IP; Modrego, PJ, 2009)
"We prospectively surveyed 23 pregnant women with epilepsy on lamotrigine monotherapy and reported outcome of their pregnancies, including one fetal intrauterine death, one spontaneous abortion and two preterm deliveries."	7.75	Prospective surveillance of Croatian pregnant women on lamotrigine monotherapy--aspects of pre-pregnancy counseling and drug monitoring. ( Bakulić, TI; Bosnjak-Pasić, M; Cvitanović-Sojat, L; Demarin, V; Fucić, A; Gjergja-Juraski, R; Mikula, I; Miskov, S, 2009)
"We describe the case of a pregnancy healthy outcome after in utero consecutive exposure to lamotrigine and citalopram."	7.74	Consecutive exposure to lamotrigine and citalopram during pregnancy. ( Gentile, S; Vozzi, F, 2007)
"To characterize the magnitude and course of alterations in total and free lamotrigine (LTG) clearance (Cl) during pregnancy and the postpartum period, to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on seizure frequency, to determine the ratio to individual target LTG concentration that is associated with increased seizure risk, and to evaluate maternal postpartum toxicity."	7.74	Lamotrigine in pregnancy: clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency. ( Holley, DK; Koganti, A; Newman, M; Newport, DJ; Peng, L; Pennell, PB; Ritchie, JC; Stowe, ZN, 2008)
"To further characterize pregnancy-induced alterations in the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG)."	7.74	Plasma concentrations of lamotrigine and its 2-N-glucuronide metabolite during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. ( Beck, O; Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2008)
" The mother had been treated with valproic acid (1800mg per day) and lamotrigine (100mg per day) throughout pregnancy."	7.72	Valproic acid and lamotrigine treatment during pregnancy. The risk of chromosomal abnormality. ( Cogulu, O; Gunduz, C; Kultursay, N; Ozkinay, F; Yilmaz, D, 2003)
"This study was performed to clarify alterations in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance during pregnancy and childbirth."	7.72	The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the metabolism of lamotrigine. ( Helmers, SL; Henry, TR; Montgomery, JQ; Newport, DJ; Pennell, PB; Stowe, ZN, 2004)
"To evaluate changes in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance before, during, and after pregnancy."	7.71	Lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. ( Blesi, K; Leppik, IE; Remmel, R; Sathanandan, ST; Tran, TA, 2002)
"In 1992, the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry was initiated to enroll prospectively and to monitor pregnancies exposed to lamotrigine (LTG) for the occurrence of major birth defects."	7.71	Preliminary results on pregnancy outcomes in women using lamotrigine. ( Eldridge, RR; Tennis, P, 2002)
"To examine the safety of lamotrigine (LTG) used in general practice to treat epilepsy."	7.69	Safety of long-term lamotrigine in epilepsy. ( Freemantle, SN; Mackay, FJ; Mann, RD; Pearce, GL; Wilton, LV, 1997)
"We investigated the effect of pregnancy on the kinetics of lamotrigine (LTG), passage of LTG over the placenta and the excretion of the drug in breast milk."	7.69	Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report. ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 1997)
"The high risk of bipolar depression during pregnancy encourages consideration of lamotrigine (LTG)."	6.73	Lamotrigine in bipolar disorder: efficacy during pregnancy. ( Baldessarini, RJ; Calamaras, MR; Juric, S; Knight, B; Newport, DJ; Pennell, PB; Stowe, ZN; Viguera, AC, 2008)
"Pregnancy is a state where drug pharmacokinetic changes are more pronounced and more rapid than any other period of life."	5.48	Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats. ( Keramati, K; Mahdavi, A; Moezifar, M; Narenji Sani, R; Saberi, N, 2018)
" In case of breakthrough seizures or increased seizure frequency, dosage adjustment of both drugs may be required."	5.36	Drug monitoring of lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine combination during pregnancy. ( de Haan, GJ; Edelbroek, P; Lindhout, D; Sander, JW; Wegner, I, 2010)
"Pregnant women with epilepsy on one or more of the following AEDs: lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin or levetiracetam."	5.27	AntiEpileptic drug Monitoring in PREgnancy (EMPiRE): a double-blind randomised trial on effectiveness and acceptability of monitoring strategies. ( Bagary, M; Coleman, J; D'Amico, M; Denny, E; Dodds, J; Eldridge, S; Greenhill, L; Hard, K; Kelso, A; Khan, KS; Marlin, N; McCorry, D; Middleton, L; Moss, N; Newton, S; Pirie, A; Pullen, A; Rikunenko, R; Roberts, T; Rogozińska, E; Thangaratinam, S; Weckesser, A, 2018)
"12) when compared to those following lamotrigine (LTG) exposure during pregnancy (3 studies [n = 591])."	5.22	Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in-utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Ahmad, S; Athar, F; Cheema, HA; Ehsan, M; Farooq, M; Lo, KB; Naveed, A; Umer, M, 2022)
"Lamotrigine is the most widely used anti-epileptic drug in pregnancy because of its low teratogenicity."	5.22	Dosage Optimization of Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: A Pharmacometric Approach Using Modeling and Simulation. ( G, SS; Kp, A; Pa, B; Thomas, G, 2022)
"In this prospective, observational, assessor-masked, multicentre study, we enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, or valproate) between October, 1999, and February, 2004, at 25 epilepsy centres in the UK and the USA."	5.17	Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. ( Baker, GA; Bromley, RL; Browning, N; Clayton-Smith, J; Cohen, MJ; Kalayjian, LA; Kanner, A; Liporace, JD; Loring, DW; Meador, KJ; Pennell, PB; Privitera, M, 2013)
"To prospectively analyse the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG) during pregnancy and lactation in a consecutive series of epileptic pregnant women."	5.14	Prospectively assessed changes in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period. ( Bauer, S; Dudenhausen, JW; Fotopoulou, C; Henrich, W; Kretz, R; Schefold, JC; Schmitz, B, 2009)
" This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive review regarding the possible risks of four classical (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate) and two newer (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) AEDs during pregnancy."	5.12	Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. ( Demir, O; Kaplan, YC, 2021)
"In eight women treated with lamotrigine monotherapy, the lamotrigine dose/plasma concentration (D/C) ratio increased by 295% from baseline outside pregnancy to midgestation, whereas in six women treated with lamotrigine in combination with valproate, the increase was only 60%."	5.12	Valproate effects on kinetics of lamotrigine in pregnancy and treatment with oral contraceptives. ( Luef, G; Ohman, I; Pittschieler, S; Sabers, A; Tomson, T, 2006)
"This paper reviewed the relevant literature on the effects of lamotrigine on pregnancy outcomes to provide useful information regarding lamotrigine use in pregnant women with bipolar disorder."	4.98	The risks associated with the use of lamotrigine during pregnancy. ( Gao, Z; Kong, L; Wang, B; Wang, C; Zhou, T, 2018)
"Lamotrigine is used in pregnancy to control epilepsy and mood disorders."	4.95	Pregnancy Outcomes Following In Utero Exposure to Lamotrigine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Adams-Webber, T; Barzilay, E; Leibson, T; Nulman, I; Pariente, G; Shulman, T, 2017)
" Oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine were associated with increased occurrence of autism."	4.95	Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs for neurological development in children exposed during pregnancy and breast feeding: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Cogo, E; D'Souza, J; Finkelstein, Y; Hemmelgarn, BR; Hutton, B; Kealey, R; MacDonald, H; Reynen, E; Rios, P; Soobiah, C; Straus, SE; Thavorn, K; Tricco, AC; Veroniki, AA; Yazdi, F, 2017)
"We searched MEDLINE (1966-2012), EMBASE (1980-2012) and Cochrane, for relevant citations on the effectiveness of different monitoring strategies on seizure deterioration in pregnant women with epilepsy on lamotrigine."	4.90	Effects of monitoring strategies on seizures in pregnant women on lamotrigine: a meta-analysis. ( Al Wattar, BH; Bagary, M; Doug, M; Greenhill, L; Houston, V; Khan, KS; McCorry, D; Pirie, AM; Pirie, DA; Siddiqua, A; Thangaratinam, S, 2014)
"The paper presents the review of literature on the age aspect of using lamotrigine in pubertal period, in women of reproductive age, during pregnancy and lactation and in climacteric period."	4.87	[Lamotrigine in treatment of women with epilepsy]. ( Agranovich, OV; Dranko, DV; Vlasov, PN, 2011)
"A systematic search was carried out of electronic databases, reference books and other sources for original research studies which examined the effects of commonly used mood stabilizers (sodium valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine and lithium carbonate) on pregnancy outcomes."	4.86	Mood stabilizers in pregnancy: a systematic review. ( Buist, A; Galbally, M; Roberts, M, 2010)
" We present three cases of women exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with follow up of their infants until 15-18 months of development."	4.85	Neonatal outcomes with the use of lamotrigine for bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case series and review of the literature. ( Epperson, CN; Gonzalez, J; Kim, DR; O'Reardon, JP; Wakil, L, 2009)
"To provide an overview of the available literature concerning the prevention of congenital malformations following the use of lamotrigine (LMT) during pregnancy."	4.85	[Teratogenic effects of lamotrigine in women with bipolar disorder]. ( Berwaerts, K; De Fruyt, J; Sienaert, P, 2009)
"Maintaining seizure control with lamotrigine is complicated by altered pharmacokinetics and existence of subpopulations in whom clearance increases or remains constant during pregnancy."	4.31	Empiric dosing strategies to predict lamotrigine concentrations during pregnancy. ( Barry, JM; Birnbaum, AK; French, JA; Harden, CL; Karanam, A; Pennell, PB, 2023)
"Use of valproate and carbamazepine decreased progressively, use of lamotrigine remained relatively static, and the use of levetiracetam increased progressively, whereas the use of topiramate first increased and then fell again, associated with a temporary increase in malformation-associated pregnancy rate."	4.31	Changes over 24 years in a pregnancy register - Teratogenicity and epileptic seizure control. ( Eadie, M; Graham, J; Hitchcock, A; Lander, C; O'Brien, T; Perucca, P; Vajda, F, 2023)
" In our case series, lamotrigine proved to be less effective and less controllable than other drugs during pregnancy."	4.12	[Women with epilepsy before and during pregnancy: a case series of outpatient counseling in a tertiary epilepsy center]. ( Bien, CG; Hagemann, A; Knaak, N; Müffelmann, B, 2022)
" Our results suggest an association between disabling seizure occurrence during pregnancy and lamotrigine usage in polytherapy that warrants further evaluation."	4.12	Epilepsy and Pregnancy: An Audit of Specialized Care. ( Li, J; Nguyen, DK; Toffa, DH, 2022)
"During pregnancy, various physiological changes occur that can alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine (LTG)."	4.02	Estrogen profile- and pharmacogenetics-based lamotrigine dosing regimen optimization: Recommendations for pregnant women with epilepsy. ( Cao, YF; Guo, Y; Sun, XY; Tao, YY; Wang, ML; Wang, ZY; Zhao, L, 2021)
"This study was carried out to determine changes over time in use of folic acid, anti-epileptic drugs (AED), seizures during pregnancy and malformation rate over two decades in women with epilepsy enrolled in the Kerala registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy (KREP)."	3.96	Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. ( A S, R; Baishya, J; Jose, M; Keni, RR; Sankara Sarma, P; Thomas, SV, 2020)
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic changes in lamotrigine (LTG) from prepregnancy to postpartum and to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on seizure management during pregnancy in a Chinese population."	3.91	Pharmacokinetic changes and therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine during pregnancy. ( Ding, Y; Guo, Y; Tan, X; Zhang, S, 2019)
"The study included the children of 83 epileptic women treated with lamotrigine during pregnancy, at a tertiary medical centre between 2004-2014."	3.88	Short- and long-term complications of in utero exposure to lamotrigine. ( Berger, I; Cohen-Israel, M; Klinger, G; Linder, N; Martonovich, EY; Stahl, B, 2018)
" This limitation and high risks of neural tube and other major teratogenic effects, especially of valproate, indicate the need for great caution in the use of valproate and carbamazepine to treat bipolar disorder in women of child-bearing age."	3.88	Mood-Stabilizing Anticonvulsants, Spina Bifida, and Folate Supplementation: Commentary. ( Baldessarini, RJ; Patel, N; Viguera, AC, 2018)
"To assess the relative risk of oral clefts associated with maternal use of high and low doses of topiramate during the first trimester for epilepsy and nonepilepsy indications."	3.88	Topiramate use early in pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts: A pregnancy cohort study. ( Bateman, BT; Cohen, JM; Desai, RJ; Hernandez-Diaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Mogun, H; Patorno, E; Pennell, PB, 2018)
"To evaluate the impact of maternal UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 genetic polymorphisms and sex of foetus on gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance during pregnancy and post-partum (PP)."	3.88	UGT polymorphisms and lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. ( Ekström, L; Hansen, TF; Öhman, I; Petrenaite, V; Sabers, A; Sæbye, D; Tomson, T, 2018)
"To determine how early lamotrigine clearance (LTG-CL/F) increases during early pregnancy in women with epilepsy and to quantify the relationship of LTG-CL/F to estradiol concentrations and gestational week."	3.88	Lamotrigine clearance increases by 5 weeks gestational age: Relationship to estradiol concentrations and gestational age. ( Allien, S; Barnard, S; Birnbaum, AK; Callisto, SP; French, JA; Harden, CL; Karanam, A; Lau, C; Pennell, PB, 2018)
" Among all mood stabilizers, lithium has the largest evidence base for efficacy in the peripartum period, but lamotrigine is increasingly prescribed for bipolar spectrum disorders during pregnancy."	3.85	Risk of postpartum episodes in women with bipolar disorder after lamotrigine or lithium use during pregnancy: A population-based cohort study. ( Bergink, V; Clark, CT; Kushner, SA; Liu, X; Munk-Olsen, T; Wesseloo, R, 2017)
"Here, we present the outcomes in the subset of six women who were treated with lamotrigine 100-400 mg/day for the entire pregnancy."	3.83	Maternal and Fetal Outcomes After Lamotrigine Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis from an Urban Maternal Mental Health Centre in New Zealand. ( Hatters-Friedman, S; Moller-Olsen, C; North, A; Prakash, C, 2016)
"To analyze seizure control, dose adjustments, and other changes of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with epilepsy entering pregnancy on monotherapy with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, or valproate."	3.79	Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. ( Battino, D; Bonizzoni, E; Craig, J; Lindhout, D; Perucca, E; Sabers, A; Tomson, T; Vajda, F, 2013)
"Little information is available on the need for dosage changes for lamotrigine in pregnant women with bipolar disorder."	3.79	Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. ( Clark, CT; Helsel, J; Klein, AM; Perel, JM; Wisner, KL, 2013)
"Treatment with lamotrigine (LTG) during pregnancy is associated with a pronounced risk of seizure deterioration, because pregnancy accelerates LTG elimination."	3.78	Algorithm for lamotrigine dose adjustment before, during, and after pregnancy. ( Sabers, A, 2012)
"Based on epidemiological data it is advised to whenever possible avoid valproic acid during pregnancy."	3.78	Economic evaluation of anti-epileptic drug therapies with specific focus on teratogenic outcomes. ( Boersma, C; de Jong-van den Berg, LT; Jentink, J; Postma, MJ, 2012)
" The antiepileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG) is a UGT1A4-substrate, and its serum concentration falls by over 50% during pregnancy, leading to impaired seizure control."	3.77	Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 in human placenta at term. ( Reimers, A; Stuen, I; Sundby, E; Østby, L, 2011)
"Health care providers reported lamotrigine exposure during pregnancy, and subsequent outcomes, on a voluntary basis."	3.77	Final results from 18 years of the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry. ( Cunnington, MC; Ferber, S; Messenheimer, JA; Tennis, P; Weil, JG; Yerby, M, 2011)
"To determine the frequency of malformations among infants born to women who had taken lamotrigine or carbamazepine as part of polytherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy."	3.77	Fetal effects of anticonvulsant polytherapies: different risks from different drug combinations. ( Hernandez-Diaz, S; Holmes, LB; Mittendorf, R; Shen, A; Smith, CR, 2011)
"Lamotrigine (LTG) is increasingly being prescribed in pregnancy for women with epilepsy in place of valproate (VPA), because of the teratogenic risks associated with the latter."	3.76	Is lamotrigine a significant human teratogen? Observations from the Australian Pregnancy Register. ( Eadie, MJ; Graham, JE; Hitchcock, AA; Lander, CM; O'Brien, TJ; Vajda, FJ, 2010)
"Variations in the plasma concentration of levetiracetam during pregnancy and postpartum were prospectively monitored in five women to investigate their potential implications in epilepsy management and child outcome."	3.75	Levetiracetam plasma level monitoring during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: clinical and outcome implications. ( Cid, AO; Juste, AO; López-Fraile, IP; Modrego, PJ, 2009)
"Between 1999 and 2004, we enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy who were taking a single antiepileptic agent (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, or valproate) in a prospective, observational, multicenter study in the United States and the United Kingdom."	3.75	Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. ( Baker, GA; Browning, N; Clayton-Smith, J; Cohen, M; Combs-Cantrell, DT; Kalayjian, LA; Kanner, A; Liporace, JD; Loring, DW; Meador, KJ; Pennell, PB; Privitera, M, 2009)
"Previous studies have demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of the new antiepileptic drug (AED) lamotrigine (LTG) are substantially influenced by pregnancy and are more likely to be associated with seizure deterioration in pregnancy compared to other AEDs."	3.75	Seizure frequency in pregnant women treated with lamotrigine monotherapy. ( Petrenaite, V; Sabers, A, 2009)
"(1) Numerous follow-up studies of pregnancies in women with epilepsy show that valproic acid is more teratogenic than other antiepileptics."	3.75	Valproic acid: long-term effects on children exposed in utero. ( , 2009)
"We prospectively surveyed 23 pregnant women with epilepsy on lamotrigine monotherapy and reported outcome of their pregnancies, including one fetal intrauterine death, one spontaneous abortion and two preterm deliveries."	3.75	Prospective surveillance of Croatian pregnant women on lamotrigine monotherapy--aspects of pre-pregnancy counseling and drug monitoring. ( Bakulić, TI; Bosnjak-Pasić, M; Cvitanović-Sojat, L; Demarin, V; Fucić, A; Gjergja-Juraski, R; Mikula, I; Miskov, S, 2009)
"Data from the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry were analyzed to examine the effect of maximal first-trimester maternal dose of lamotrigine monotherapy on the risk of major birth defects (MBDs)."	3.74	Effect of dose on the frequency of major birth defects following fetal exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy in an international observational study. ( Cunnington, M; Ferber, S; Quartey, G, 2007)
"We describe the case of a pregnancy healthy outcome after in utero consecutive exposure to lamotrigine and citalopram."	3.74	Consecutive exposure to lamotrigine and citalopram during pregnancy. ( Gentile, S; Vozzi, F, 2007)
"One of my female patients has epilepsy and is currently receiving lamotrigine monotherapy."	3.74	Teratogenicity of lamotrigine. ( Koren, G; Nulman, I; Shor, S, 2007)
"To characterize the magnitude and course of alterations in total and free lamotrigine (LTG) clearance (Cl) during pregnancy and the postpartum period, to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on seizure frequency, to determine the ratio to individual target LTG concentration that is associated with increased seizure risk, and to evaluate maternal postpartum toxicity."	3.74	Lamotrigine in pregnancy: clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency. ( Holley, DK; Koganti, A; Newman, M; Newport, DJ; Peng, L; Pennell, PB; Ritchie, JC; Stowe, ZN, 2008)
"To further characterize pregnancy-induced alterations in the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG)."	3.74	Plasma concentrations of lamotrigine and its 2-N-glucuronide metabolite during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. ( Beck, O; Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2008)
"During her first pregnancy, a 37-year-old woman with idiopathic generalised epilepsy that was adequately controlled with lamotrigine experienced a series of epileptic seizures following an elective caesarean section."	3.73	[Epileptic seizures during childbirth in a patient with idiopathic generalised epilepsy]. ( Bloem, BR; Renier, WO; Voermans, NC; Zwarts, MJ, 2005)
" Plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamins B12 and B6 (pyridoxal phosphate), and red cell folate levels were measured in samples while she was receiving folic acid therapy for 1 month during the second trimester of pregnancy."	3.73	Antiepileptic drugs: a case report in a pregnancy with a neural tube defect. ( Bongain, A; Candito, M; Guéant, JL; Naimi, M; Van Obberghen, E, 2006)
" The mother had been treated with valproic acid (1800mg per day) and lamotrigine (100mg per day) throughout pregnancy."	3.72	Valproic acid and lamotrigine treatment during pregnancy. The risk of chromosomal abnormality. ( Cogulu, O; Gunduz, C; Kultursay, N; Ozkinay, F; Yilmaz, D, 2003)
"This study was performed to clarify alterations in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance during pregnancy and childbirth."	3.72	The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the metabolism of lamotrigine. ( Helmers, SL; Henry, TR; Montgomery, JQ; Newport, DJ; Pennell, PB; Stowe, ZN, 2004)
"The authors describe 12 pregnancies in women with epilepsy using lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy."	3.72	Gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: a monotherapy study. ( Augustijn, P; de Haan, GJ; Dévilé-Notschaele, M; Edelbroek, P; Engelsman, M; Lindhout, D; Segers, J, 2004)
"To evaluate changes in lamotrigine (LTG) clearance before, during, and after pregnancy."	3.71	Lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. ( Blesi, K; Leppik, IE; Remmel, R; Sathanandan, ST; Tran, TA, 2002)
"In 1992, the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry was initiated to enroll prospectively and to monitor pregnancies exposed to lamotrigine (LTG) for the occurrence of major birth defects."	3.71	Preliminary results on pregnancy outcomes in women using lamotrigine. ( Eldridge, RR; Tennis, P, 2002)
" In the last decade, pregnancy registries have been activated by collaborative groups of physicians in Europe (EURAP), North America (NAREP), Australia and India (the latter two recently merged into EURAP), to enroll a large number of exposed women to be monitored prospectively with standardized methods, and by three pharmaceutical companies marketing lamotrigine, gabapentin and vigabatrin, as part of their post-marketing surveillance."	3.71	Pregnancy registries in epilepsy. ( Annegers, JF; Beghi, E, 2001)
" The proportions of outcomes with birth defects are as follows: in the Acyclovir (antiviral medication) Pregnancy Registry (1984-1998) (19/581), 3."	3.70	Monitoring pregnancy outcomes after prenatal drug exposure through prospective pregnancy registries: a pharmaceutical company commitment. ( Andrews, EB; Ephross, SA; Heffner, CR; Reiff-Eldridge, R; Tennis, PS; White, AD, 2000)
"To examine the safety of lamotrigine (LTG) used in general practice to treat epilepsy."	3.69	Safety of long-term lamotrigine in epilepsy. ( Freemantle, SN; Mackay, FJ; Mann, RD; Pearce, GL; Wilton, LV, 1997)
"We investigated the effect of pregnancy on the kinetics of lamotrigine (LTG), passage of LTG over the placenta and the excretion of the drug in breast milk."	3.69	Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report. ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 1997)
"The high risk of bipolar depression during pregnancy encourages consideration of lamotrigine (LTG)."	2.73	Lamotrigine in bipolar disorder: efficacy during pregnancy. ( Baldessarini, RJ; Calamaras, MR; Juric, S; Knight, B; Newport, DJ; Pennell, PB; Stowe, ZN; Viguera, AC, 2008)
"Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological complications in pregnancy; some women continue to use antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to control seizures."	2.66	[Transfer Mechanisms of Compounds between Mother and Fetus/Infant Aimed for Optimized Medication during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding]. ( Furugen, A, 2020)
" For optimal dosing in pregnancy, therapeutic drug monitoring may be required to maintain effective drug concentrations."	2.58	Treatment of Peripartum Bipolar Disorder. ( Clark, CT; Wisner, KL, 2018)
"Lamotrigine is a safe anti-epileptic drug among pregnant and lactating women."	2.52	Lamotrigine effects on breastfed infants. ( Asgarzadeh, L; Dalili, H; Nayeri, F; Shariat, M, 2015)
"Pharmacotherapy for mood disorders during pregnancy is often complicated by pregnancy-related pharmacokinetic changes and the need for dose adjustments."	2.50	Pharmacotherapy for mood disorders in pregnancy: a review of pharmacokinetic changes and clinical recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring. ( Byatt, N; Deligiannidis, KM; Freeman, MP, 2014)
" Future studies of formal pharmacokinetic modeling of AEDs during pregnancy and the postpartum period could provide an important step toward achieving effective drug dosing to maintain therapeutic objectives for the mother but, at the same time, to minimize fetal drug exposure."	2.42	Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and lactation. ( Pennell, PB, 2003)
"Seizures were classified into two categories: tonic‒clonic/focal to bilateral tonic‒clonic seizures and non-tonic‒clonic seizures."	1.91	Changes in seizure frequency and anti-seizure medication therapy during pregnancy and one year postpregnancy. ( Du, Y; Fang, W; Gong, J; Huang, W; Wang, X; Xia, N; Xu, H; Xu, Q; Zheng, R; Zhu, Z, 2023)
"Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic unit diseases that have different prevalence in different parts of the world."	1.72	Evaluation of family planning methods in married women with epilepsy. ( Avan, R; Ershadi, F; Mousavi Mirzaei, SM; Roshanravan, B; Sahebnasagh, A; Tabrizi, N, 2022)
"Planned pregnancy was the only independent factor significantly associated with decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR, 0."	1.72	Effects of antiepileptic drugs polytherapy on pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: An observation study in northwest China. ( Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Ma, L; Shi, X; Song, C; Wang, Y; Xia, L; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J, 2022)
"To study the risk of intellectual disability and delayed development in childhood milestones among children of women who used valproate or other AEDs during pregnancy."	1.56	Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones. ( Christensen, J; Daugaard, CA; Dreier, JW; Pedersen, L; Sun, Y, 2020)
"Pregnancy is a state where drug pharmacokinetic changes are more pronounced and more rapid than any other period of life."	1.48	Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats. ( Keramati, K; Mahdavi, A; Moezifar, M; Narenji Sani, R; Saberi, N, 2018)
"Evidence for the comparative teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drugs is insufficient, particularly in relation to the dosage used."	1.48	Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. ( Battino, D; Bonizzoni, E; Craig, J; Lindhout, D; Perucca, E; Sabers, A; Thomas, SV; Tomson, T; Vajda, F, 2018)
" In case of breakthrough seizures or increased seizure frequency, dosage adjustment of both drugs may be required."	1.36	Drug monitoring of lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine combination during pregnancy. ( de Haan, GJ; Edelbroek, P; Lindhout, D; Sander, JW; Wegner, I, 2010)
" The number or dosage of AEDs were more often increased in pregnancies with seizures (OR: 3."	1.33	Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. ( , 2006)
"Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug with a low adverse-effect profile."	1.33	Maternal lamotrigine treatment and elevated neonatal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. ( Dubnov-Raz, G; Merlob, P; Shapiro, R, 2006)
"The incidence of birth defects in relation to specific AEDs was: valproate (16."	1.32	The Australian registry of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: experience after 30 months. ( Graham, J; Hitchcock, A; Lander, C; O'Brien, TJ; Vajda, FJ, 2003)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a relatively common, though under diagnosed, form of epilepsy that commences in adolescence."	1.29	Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. ( Buchanan, N, 1995)

Research

Studies (121)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Infants With Major Congenital Malformations (MCMs) by Earliest Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy With Valproate

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (2.48)	18.2507
2000's	44 (36.36)	29.6817
2010's	54 (44.63)	24.3611
2020's	20 (16.53)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Müffelmann, B	1
Hagemann, A	1
Knaak, N	1
Bien, CG	1
Ershadi, F	1
Mousavi Mirzaei, SM	1
Tabrizi, N	1
Roshanravan, B	1
Sahebnasagh, A	1
Avan, R	1
Athar, F	1
Ehsan, M	1
Farooq, M	1
Lo, KB	1
Cheema, HA	1
Ahmad, S	1
Naveed, A	1
Umer, M	1
Bjørk, MH	1
Zoega, H	1
Leinonen, MK	1
Cohen, JM	3
Dreier, JW	3
Furu, K	1
Gilhus, NE	1
Gissler, M	1
Hálfdánarson, Ó	1
Igland, J	1
Sun, Y	3
Tomson, T	12
Alvestad, S	1
Christensen, J	3
Pa, B	1
G, SS	1
Thomas, G	1
Kp, A	1
Shi, X	1
Wang, Y	1
Zhang, Y	1
Song, C	1
Jiang, Y	1
Zhao, J	1
Xia, L	1
Ma, L	1
Jiang, W	1
Du, Y	1
Fang, W	1
Huang, W	1
Xu, Q	1
Gong, J	1
Xia, N	1
Zhu, Z	1
Wang, X	1
Zheng, R	1
Xu, H	1
Pekoz, MT	1
Aslan-Kara, K	1
Tekin, B	1
Gurses, C	1
Yeni, SN	1
Bozdemir, H	1
Keskin-Guler, S	1
Ataklı, D	1
Gul, G	1
Eren, F	1
Sarı, H	1
Gul, ZB	1
Ceyhan-Dirican, A	1
Genc, F	1
Bicer-Gomceli, Y	1
Ozkara, C	1
Delil, S	1
Atalar, AC	1
Bebek, N	1
Baykan, B	1
Bora, İ	1
Bican-Demir, A	1
Mısırlı, CH	1
Tutkavul, K	1
Velioglu, SK	1
Ilhan-Algin, D	1
Erdinc, O	1
Saygi, S	1
Tezer-Fılık, I	1
Apaydın-Dogan, E	1
Akyol, A	1
Kamisli, O	1
Yalcın, AD	1
Cakmak, G	1
Ersoy, A	1
Ustun-Ozek, S	1
Halac, G	1
Kutlu, G	1
Tantik-Pak, A	1
Yücel, SP	1
Barry, JM	1
French, JA	2
Pennell, PB	13
Karanam, A	2
Harden, CL	3
Birnbaum, AK	2
Vajda, F	5
O'Brien, T	2
Graham, J	4
Hitchcock, A	3
Perucca, P	1
Lander, C	3
Eadie, M	2
Keni, RR	1
Jose, M	1
A S, R	1
Baishya, J	1
Sankara Sarma, P	1
Thomas, SV	3
Söderberg Löfdal, K	1
Angus-Leppan, H	1
Moghim, MM	1
Cock, H	1
Kinton, L	1
Synnott Wells, M	1
Shankar, R	1
Clark, CT	4
Furugen, A	1
Daugaard, CA	2
Pedersen, L	1
Kaplan, YC	1
Demir, O	1
Wang, ML	1
Tao, YY	1
Sun, XY	1
Guo, Y	2
Wang, ZY	1
Cao, YF	1
Zhao, L	1
Bromley, RL	4
Bluett-Duncan, M	1
Li, J	1
Toffa, DH	1
Nguyen, DK	1
Pariente, G	1
Leibson, T	1
Shulman, T	1
Adams-Webber, T	1
Barzilay, E	1
Nulman, I	2
Wesseloo, R	1
Liu, X	1
Kushner, SA	1
Munk-Olsen, T	1
Bergink, V	1
Patorno, E	2
Huybrechts, KF	2
Bateman, BT	2
Desai, RJ	2
Mogun, H	2
Cohen, LS	1
Hernandez-Diaz, S	3
Kong, L	1
Zhou, T	1
Wang, B	1
Gao, Z	1
Wang, C	1
Veroniki, AA	1
Rios, P	1
Cogo, E	1
Straus, SE	1
Finkelstein, Y	1
Kealey, R	1
Reynen, E	1
Soobiah, C	1
Thavorn, K	1
Hutton, B	1
Hemmelgarn, BR	1
Yazdi, F	1
D'Souza, J	1
MacDonald, H	1
Tricco, AC	1
Cohen-Israel, M	1
Berger, I	1
Martonovich, EY	1
Klinger, G	1
Stahl, B	1
Linder, N	1
Wiedemann, K	1
Stüber, T	1
Rehn, M	1
Frieauff, E	1
Narenji Sani, R	1
Keramati, K	1
Saberi, N	1
Moezifar, M	1
Mahdavi, A	1
Patel, N	1
Viguera, AC	2
Baldessarini, RJ	2
Petrenaite, V	2
Öhman, I	5
Ekström, L	1
Sæbye, D	1
Hansen, TF	1
Sabers, A	8
Yalın, OÖ	1
Uludüz, D	1
Özge, A	1
Battino, D	4
Bonizzoni, E	3
Craig, J	3
Lindhout, D	5
Perucca, E	4
Thangaratinam, S	2
Marlin, N	1
Newton, S	1
Weckesser, A	1
Bagary, M	2
Greenhill, L	2
Rikunenko, R	1
D'Amico, M	1
Rogozińska, E	1
Kelso, A	1
Hard, K	1
Coleman, J	1
Moss, N	1
Roberts, T	1
Middleton, L	1
Dodds, J	1
Pullen, A	1
Eldridge, S	1
Pirie, A	1
Denny, E	1
McCorry, D	2
Khan, KS	2
Galappatthy, P	1
Liyanage, CK	1
Lucas, MN	1
Jayasekara, DTLM	1
Abhayaratna, SA	1
Weeraratne, C	1
De Abrew, K	1
Gunaratne, PS	1
Gamage, R	1
Wijeyaratne, CN	1
Wisner, KL	2
Allien, S	1
Lau, C	2
Barnard, S	1
Callisto, SP	1
Walker, DI	1
Perry-Walker, K	1
Finnell, RH	2
Pennell, KD	1
Tran, V	1
May, RC	1
McElrath, TF	1
Meador, KJ	6
Jones, DP	1
Cohen, MJ	3
May, R	1
Loblein, H	1
Conrad, T	1
Baker, GA	5
Clayton-Smith, J	4
Kalayjian, LA	5
Kanner, A	3
Liporace, JD	4
Privitera, M	3
Loring, DW	5
Richards, N	1
Reith, D	1
Stitely, M	1
Smith, A	1
Ding, Y	1
Tan, X	1
Zhang, S	1
Klein, AM	1
Perel, JM	1
Helsel, J	1
Pirie, DA	1
Al Wattar, BH	1
Pirie, AM	1
Houston, V	1
Siddiqua, A	1
Doug, M	1
Deligiannidis, KM	2
Byatt, N	1
Freeman, MP	1
Briggs, M	1
Cheyne, CP	1
García-Fiñana, M	1
Gummery, A	1
Kneen, R	1
Mawer, G	2
Shallcross, R	1
Klein, P	1
Watson, H	1
Cheong, J	1
Janszky, J	1
Dalili, H	1
Nayeri, F	1
Shariat, M	1
Asgarzadeh, L	1
Khan, SJ	1
Fersh, ME	1
Ernst, C	1
Klipstein, K	1
Albertini, ES	1
Lusskin, SI	1
Vanya, M	1
Devosa, I	1
Szok, D	1
Bártfai, G	1
Dolk, H	2
Wang, H	1
Loane, M	2
Morris, J	2
Garne, E	1
Addor, MC	1
Arriola, L	1
Bakker, M	1
Barisic, I	1
Doray, B	1
Gatt, M	1
Kallen, K	1
Khoshnood, B	1
Klungsoyr, K	1
Lahesmaa-Korpinen, AM	1
Latos-Bielenska, A	1
Mejnartowicz, JP	1
Nelen, V	1
Neville, A	1
O'Mahony, M	1
Pierini, A	1
Rißmann, A	1
Tucker, D	1
Wellesley, D	1
Wiesel, A	1
de Jong-van den Berg, LT	3
Prakash, C	1
Hatters-Friedman, S	1
Moller-Olsen, C	1
North, A	1
Jentink, J	2
Sethi, NK	1
Fotopoulou, C	1
Kretz, R	1
Bauer, S	1
Schefold, JC	1
Schmitz, B	1
Dudenhausen, JW	1
Henrich, W	1
López-Fraile, IP	1
Cid, AO	1
Juste, AO	1
Modrego, PJ	1
Browning, N	2
Combs-Cantrell, DT	2
Cohen, M	1
Wakil, L	1
Epperson, CN	1
Gonzalez, J	1
O'Reardon, JP	1
Kim, DR	1
Vajda, FJ	3
Hitchcock, AA	2
O'Brien, TJ	3
Lander, CM	2
Eadie, MJ	2
Berwaerts, K	1
Sienaert, P	1
De Fruyt, J	1
Miskov, S	1
Gjergja-Juraski, R	1
Cvitanović-Sojat, L	1
Bakulić, TI	1
Fucić, A	1
Bosnjak-Pasić, M	1
Mikula, I	1
Demarin, V	1
Graham, JE	1
Galbally, M	1
Roberts, M	1
Buist, A	1
Madadi, P	1
Ito, S	1
Wegner, I	1
Edelbroek, P	2
de Haan, GJ	2
Sander, JW	1
Iniesta, I	1
Berle, JØ	1
Solberg, DK	1
Spigset, O	1
Reimers, A	1
Østby, L	1
Stuen, I	1
Sundby, E	1
Cummings, C	1
Stewart, M	1
Stevenson, M	1
Morrow, J	1
Nelson, J	1
Cunnington, MC	1
Weil, JG	1
Messenheimer, JA	1
Ferber, S	2
Yerby, M	1
Tennis, P	2
Holmes, LB	1
Mittendorf, R	1
Shen, A	1
Smith, CR	1
Boersma, C	1
Postma, MJ	1
Vlasov, PN	1
Dranko, DV	1
Agranovich, OV	1
Terada, K	1
Inoue, Y	1
Tran, TA	1
Leppik, IE	1
Blesi, K	1
Sathanandan, ST	1
Remmel, R	1
Eldridge, RR	1
Ozkinay, F	1
Cogulu, O	1
Gunduz, C	1
Yilmaz, D	1
Kultursay, N	1
Yerby, MS	1
Dam, M	1
A-Rogvi-Hansen, B	1
Boas, J	1
Sidenius, P	1
Laue Friis, M	1
Alving, J	1
Dahl, M	1
Ankerhus, J	1
Mouritzen Dam, A	1
Newport, DJ	3
Stowe, ZN	3
Helmers, SL	1
Montgomery, JQ	1
Henry, TR	1
Wu, SP	1
Shyu, MK	1
Liou, HH	1
Gau, CS	1
Lin, CJ	1
Segers, J	1
Engelsman, M	1
Dévilé-Notschaele, M	1
Augustijn, P	1
Solinas, C	1
Cook, M	1
Curtis, V	1
Penovich, P	1
Gaily, E	1
Gentile, S	2
Voermans, NC	1
Zwarts, MJ	1
Renier, WO	1
Bloem, BR	1
Brodie, MJ	1
Candito, M	1
Guéant, JL	1
Naimi, M	1
Bongain, A	1
Van Obberghen, E	1
Smith, JC	1
Wolff, MC	1
Dubnov-Raz, G	1
Shapiro, R	1
Merlob, P	1
Luef, G	1
Pittschieler, S	1
Cunnington, M	1
Quartey, G	1
Vozzi, F	1
Shor, S	1
Koren, G	1
Peng, L	1
Ritchie, JC	1
Koganti, A	1
Holley, DK	1
Newman, M	1
Beck, O	1
Vitols, S	3
Calamaras, MR	1
Juric, S	1
Knight, B	1
Buchanan, N	1
Mackay, FJ	1
Wilton, LV	1
Pearce, GL	1
Freemantle, SN	1
Mann, RD	1
Reiff-Eldridge, R	1
Heffner, CR	1
Ephross, SA	1
Tennis, PS	1

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Pilot Study of Prophylactic Management of Lamotrigine for Bipolar Disorder in Pregnant Women[NCT03774641]	20 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-12-03	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Lamotrigine in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Bipolar Disorder[NCT01996293]	30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-09-30	Completed
Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry (LAM05)[NCT01064297]	3,416 participants (Actual)	Observational	2001-11-30	Completed
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs II: the NEAD Study[NCT00021866]	331 participants (Actual)	Observational	2000-09-30	Completed
Study of Maternal Pharmacokinetic and Placental Transfer of Levetiracetam[NCT04117425]	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-20	Recruiting
Medication Safety and Contraceptive Counseling for Reproductive Aged Women With Psychiatric Conditions[NCT02292056]	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Recruiting
The Sumatriptan and Naratriptan Pregnancy Registry[NCT01059604]	868 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2001-12-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The number of infants with major congenital malformations were counted and are presented by earliest trimester of exposure to lamotrigine polytherapy with valproate. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported following assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Number of Infants With Major Congenital Malformations (MCMs) by Earliest Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy Without Valproate

Intervention	infants (Number)
First Exposure During First Trimester	14
First Exposure During Second Trimester	1
First Exposure During Third Trimester	0
Unspecified Trimester of Exposure	0
All Trimesters	1

The number of infants with major congenital malformations were counted and are presented by earliest trimester of exposure to lamotrigine polytherapy without valproate. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported following assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Number of Infants With Major Congenital Malformations by Earliest Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Monotherapy

Intervention	infants (Number)
First Exposure During First Trimester	12
First Exposure During Second Trimester	0
First Exposure During Third Trimester	1
All Trimesters	13

Among lamotrigine monotherapy exposures: live births, fetal deaths, induced abortions with birth defects, and live births without defects. Due to the likelihood of inconsistent identification of birth defects among spontaneous losses, fetal deaths, and induced abortions without reported birth defects, these offspring were not included in analyses. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported after assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Birth Outcomes by Earliest Pregnancy Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Monotherapy

Intervention	infants (Number)
First Exposure During First Trimester	35
First Exposure During Second Trimester	4
First Exposure During Third Trimester	1
Unspecified Trimester of Exposure	0
All Trimesters	40

The number of live births, fetal deaths, induced abortions, and spontaneous pregnancy losses were recorded according to the time at which women were first exposed to lamotrigine monotherapy. Due to inconsistent identification of major congenital malformations (MCMs) among spontaneous losses, no comment is made concerning the presence or absence of MCMs. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of major congenital malformations are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported after assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Birth Outcomes by Earliest Pregnancy Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy With Valproate

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Live Birth (Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (Birth Defects Reported)	Live Birth (No Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (No Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (No Birth Defects Reported)	Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
First Exposure During First Trimester	31	1	3	1523	10	33	98
First Exposure During Second Trimester	4	0	0	91	0	0	0
First Exposure During Third Trimester	1	0	0	17	0	0	0
Unspecified Trimester of Exposure	0	0	0	5	0	0	0

The number of live births, fetal deaths, induced abortions, and spontaneous pregnancy losses were recorded according to the time at which women were first exposed to lamotrigine polytherapy with valproate. Due to inconsistent identification of major congenital malformations (MCMs) among spontaneous losses, no comment is made concerning the presence or absence of MCMs. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported following assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Birth Outcomes by Earliest Pregnancy Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy Without Valproate

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Live Birth (Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (Birth Defects Reported)	Live Birth (No Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (No Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (No Birth Defects Reported)	Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
First Exposure During First Trimester	14	0	2	134	1	4	6
First Exposure During Second Trimester	1	0	0	6	1	0	0
First Exposure During Third Trimester	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Unspecified Trimester of Exposure	0	0	0	1	0	0	0

The number of live births, fetal deaths with pregnancy loss occurring >=20 weeks gestation, induced abortions, and spontaneous pregnancy losses were recorded according to the time at which women were first exposed to lamotrigine polytherapy without valproate. Due to inconsistent identification of major congenital malformations (MCMs) among spontaneous losses, no comment is made concerning the presence or absence of MCMs. Although birth defects may not have been reported, they cannot be ruled out. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported following assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Number of Infants With the Indicated Major Congenital Malformations Following First Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy With Valproate According to Dose of Lamotrigine Received

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Live Birth (Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (Birth Defects Reported)	Live Birth (No Birth Defects Reported)	Fetal Death (No Birth Defects Reported)	Induced Abortion (No Birth Defects Reported)	Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
First Exposure During First Trimester	11	0	1	418	3	19	22
First Exposure During Second Trimester	0	0	0	25	0	0	0
First Exposure During Third Trimester	1	0	0	2	0	0	0

The number of infants with the reported MCM following first trimester exposure to lamotrigine polytherapy with valproate were counted. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported after assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Number of Infants With the Indicated Major Congenital Malformations Following First Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Polytherapy Without Valproate According to Dose of Lamotrigine Received

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Hydrocephalus/spina bifida	Meningomyelocele	Microcephaly	Orofacial clefts	Cardiac septal defects	Transposition of great vessels	Ventricular hypoplasia	Pulmonary stenosis	Pyloric stenosis	Gastroschisis	Club foot	Polydactyly
Doses Lower Than Prescribed	1	1	1	2	0	1	1	1	1	1	2	1
Prescribed Doses	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

The number of infants with the reported MCM following first trimester exposure to lamotrigine polytherapy without valproate were counted. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported after assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Number of Infants With the Indicated Major Congenital Malformations Following the First Trimester of Exposure to Lamotrigine Monotherapy According to Dose Received

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Neural tube defect	Cardiac septal defect/murmur	Coarctation of aorta	Tetralogy of Fallot	Esophageal defects	Hypospadias	Hydroencephalopathy	Omphalocele	Extra digit	Skin tags on ear
Doses Higher Than Prescribed	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
Doses Lower Than Prescribed	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Prescribed Doses	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0

The number of infants with the reported MCM following first trimester lamotrigine monotherapy exposure were counted. Registry personnel contacted the enrolling physician to obtain information on the pregnancy outcome, lamotrigine dosing and duration of exposure, and use of concomitant antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. (NCT01064297)
Timeframe: Although reports and diagnoses of MCMs are accepted up to six years after the birth, the majority of malformations are reported after assessments made in the delivery room or shortly after birth

Intervention	infants (Number)
	Anencephaly	Orofacial clefts	Hypoplastic left heart/left ventricle hypoplasia	Transposition of great vessels	Ventricular septal defects	Minor heart defect, unspecified	Pulmonary stenosis	Hydronephrosis	Renal defect (absent, polysystic, fluid on kidney)	Cortical dysplasis	Hypospadias	Pyloric stenosis	Diaphragmatic hernia	Congenital atresia of anus	Hip dislocation	Club feet	Polydactyly	Epidermolysis bullosa	Light spot across entire abdomen
Dose Higher Than Prescribed	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Doses Lower Than Prescribed	2	2	1	2	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
Prescribed Doses	0	0	0	0	3	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1
Unknown Maximal Dose in Exposed Trimester	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0

Article	Year
Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in-utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 88, Issue:8 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Observational Studies as Topic; Oxcarbazepin	2022
Dosage Optimization of Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: A Pharmacometric Approach Using Modeling and Simulation. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:12 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Triazine	2022
Psychotropic drug use in perinatal women with bipolar disorder. Seminars in perinatology, 2020, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Drug Elimination Routes; Fe	2020
[Transfer Mechanisms of Compounds between Mother and Fetus/Infant Aimed for Optimized Medication during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2020, Volume: 140, Issue:10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Biological Transport; Breast Feeding; Cell Line; Epilepsy; Female;	2020
Use of Phenytoin, Phenobarbital Carbamazepine, Levetiracetam Lamotrigine and Valproate in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Risk of Major Malformations, Dose-dependency, Monotherapy vs Polytherapy, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications. Current neuropharmacology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:11 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam	2021
Neurodevelopment Following Exposure to Antiseizure Medications in Utero: A Review. Current neuropharmacology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:11 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Oxcarbazepine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy C	2021
Pregnancy Outcomes Following In Utero Exposure to Lamotrigine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CNS drugs, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newbo	2017
The risks associated with the use of lamotrigine during pregnancy. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Bipolar Disorder; Developmental Disabilities; Excitatory Amino Acid Ant	2018
Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs for neurological development in children exposed during pregnancy and breast feeding: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open, 2017, Jul-20, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Autistic Disorder; Bayes Theorem; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Child; Epilepsy; F	2017
Treatment of Peripartum Bipolar Disorder. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Peripartum Period; Phototh	2018
Effects of monitoring strategies on seizures in pregnant women on lamotrigine: a meta-analysis. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2014, Volume: 172 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Compli	2014
Pharmacotherapy for mood disorders in pregnancy: a review of pharmacokinetic changes and clinical recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Carbamazepine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Mood Disorders;	2014
Lamotrigine effects on breastfed infants. Acta medica Iranica, 2015, Volume: 53, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactation	2015
Bipolar Disorder in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Principles of Management. Current psychiatry reports, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Lactation; Lamotr	2016
[Preconceptional and perinatal challenges of pregnancy in women with epilepsy]. Orvosi hetilap, 2016, Apr-10, Volume: 157, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epileps	2016
Epileptic disorders in pregnancy: an overview. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Folic Acid; Hemorrhag	2008
Neonatal outcomes with the use of lamotrigine for bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case series and review of the literature. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2009, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant	2009
The teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drug polytherapy. Epilepsia, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fetal Di	2010
[Teratogenic effects of lamotrigine in women with bipolar disorder]. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie, 2009, Volume: 51, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Epilepsy; Fema	2009
Therapeutic drug monitoring in pregnant and postpartum women: recommendations for SSRIs, lamotrigine, and lithium. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antimanic Agents; Depressive Disorder; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; L	2010
Mood stabilizers in pregnancy: a systematic review. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 44, Issue:11 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepin	2010
[Treatment of bipolar disorder during pregnancy and in the postpartum period]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2011, Jan-21, Volume: 131, Issue:2 Topics: Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Contraindications; Female; Humans; Lactati	2011
[Lamotrigine in treatment of women with epilepsy]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2011, Volume: 111, Issue:5 Pt 2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Contraceptive Agents, Fem	2011
Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and lactation. Neurology, 2003, Sep-01, Volume: 61, Issue:6 Suppl 2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Hypoxia	2003
Women are not the same as men: specific clinical issues for female patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorders, 2005, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Counseling; Dibenzothiaze	2005
2005 AES annual course: evidence used to treat women with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2006, Volume: 47 Suppl 1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combina	2006
Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarbo	2000

Article	Year
AntiEpileptic drug Monitoring in PREgnancy (EMPiRE): a double-blind randomised trial on effectiveness and acceptability of monitoring strategies. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:23 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamo	2018
Prospectively assessed changes in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period. Epilepsy research, 2009, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Inf	2009
Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. The Lancet. Neurology, 2013, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Epilepsy; Female; Hum	2013
In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations. Neurology, 2006, Aug-08, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cognition; Female; Fetal Death;	2006
Valproate effects on kinetics of lamotrigine in pregnancy and treatment with oral contraceptives. Neurology, 2006, Oct-10, Volume: 67, Issue:7 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Contraceptives, Oral; Drug Combinations; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Lamotr	2006
Lamotrigine in bipolar disorder: efficacy during pregnancy. Bipolar disorders, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Fe	2008

Article	Year
[Women with epilepsy before and during pregnancy: a case series of outpatient counseling in a tertiary epilepsy center]. Der Nervenarzt, 2022, Volume: 93, Issue:6 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Counseling; Epilepsy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Outpa	2022
Evaluation of family planning methods in married women with epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2022, Volume: 129 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Family Planning Services; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracet	2022
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability. JAMA neurology, 2022, 07-01, Volume: 79, Issue:7 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Carbamazepine; Child; Cohort Studies;	2022
Effects of antiepileptic drugs polytherapy on pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: An observation study in northwest China. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2022, Volume: 135 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Male; Phenobarbital; Pregnanc	2022
Changes in seizure frequency and anti-seizure medication therapy during pregnancy and one year postpregnancy. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2023, Volume: 144 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Seizures	2023
Birth outcomes in pregnant women with epilepsy: A Nationwide multicenter study from Türkiye. Epilepsia, 2023, Volume: 64, Issue:9 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lamotrigine; Preg	2023
Empiric dosing strategies to predict lamotrigine concentrations during pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Seizures	2023
Changes over 24 years in a pregnancy register - Teratogenicity and epileptic seizure control. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2023, Volume: 148 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Australia; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complication	2023
Anti-epileptic drug and folic acid usage during pregnancy, seizure and malformation outcomes: Changes over two decades in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy. Epilepsy research, 2020, Volume: 159 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; India; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam	2020
[New recommendations for antiepileptic drug therapy: the last piece in the review of epilepsy care]. Lakartidningen, 2020, 01-10, Volume: 117 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Pregnancy; Pre	2020
Valproate risk form-Surveying 215 clinicians involving 4775 encounters. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2020, Volume: 141, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Physicians	2020
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Valproate and Other Antiepileptic Drugs With Intellectual Disability and Delayed Childhood Milestones. JAMA network open, 2020, 11-02, Volume: 3, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonazepam; Denmark; Developmen	2020
Estrogen profile- and pharmacogenetics-based lamotrigine dosing regimen optimization: Recommendations for pregnant women with epilepsy. Pharmacological research, 2021, Volume: 169 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Dosage Calculations; Drug Elimination Routes; Epilepsy; Estrogens; Fema	2021
Epilepsy and Pregnancy: An Audit of Specialized Care. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2022, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Canada; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications;	2022
Risk of postpartum episodes in women with bipolar disorder after lamotrigine or lithium use during pregnancy: A population-based cohort study. Journal of affective disorders, 2017, 08-15, Volume: 218 Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cohort Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; L	2017
Lithium Use in Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiac Malformations. The New England journal of medicine, 2017, 06-08, Volume: 376, Issue:23 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cohort Studies; F	2017
Short- and long-term complications of in utero exposure to lamotrigine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hum	2018
Fetal Valproate Syndrome - Still a Problem Today! Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2017, Volume: 221, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cesarean Section; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ep	2017
Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats. Neuroscience letters, 2018, 01-18, Volume: 664 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Female;	2018
Mood-Stabilizing Anticonvulsants, Spina Bifida, and Folate Supplementation: Commentary. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fol	2018
Topiramate use early in pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts: A pregnancy cohort study. Neurology, 2018, 01-23, Volume: 90, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Palate; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Rel	2018
UGT polymorphisms and lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. Epilepsy research, 2018, Volume: 140 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy; Female; Glucuronosyltransferase;	2018
Peripheral nerve blocks for the treatment of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) during pregnancy. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Headache; Humans; Lamotrigine; Nerve Block;	2018
Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. The Lancet. Neurology, 2018, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2018
Obstetric outcomes and effects on babies born to women treated for epilepsy during pregnancy in a resource limited setting: a comparative cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018, Jun-14, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Height; Body Weight; Carbamazepine;	2018
Lamotrigine clearance increases by 5 weeks gestational age: Relationship to estradiol concentrations and gestational age. Annals of neurology, 2018, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Estradiol; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Lamotrigine; Metabolic	2018
Metabolome-wide association study of anti-epileptic drug treatment during pregnancy. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2019, 01-15, Volume: 363 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbon; Epilepsy; Female; Fetus; Folic Acid; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetirace	2019
Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and learning and memory functioning at 6 years of age: The NEAD prospective observational study. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2019, Volume: 92 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Learning; Memor	2019
Developmental outcomes at age four following maternal antiepileptic drug use. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2019, Volume: 93 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Epilepsy	2019
Pharmacokinetic changes and therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine during pregnancy. Brain and behavior, 2019, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy	2019
Use of antiepileptic drugs in women of fertile age. Danish medical journal, 2019, Volume: 66, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Denmark; Epilepsy; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Lamotrigine; Leve	2019
Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Epilepsia, 2013, Volume: 54, Issue:9 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Phenobarbital; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Com	2013
Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 2013, Volume: 170, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lamotrigi	2013
Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 2013, Volume: 170, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lamotrigi	2013
Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 2013, Volume: 170, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lamotrigi	2013
Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 2013, Volume: 170, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lamotrigi	2013
IQ at 6 years after in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs: a controlled cohort study. Neurology, 2015, Jan-27, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Child Development; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Intellige	2015
Fine-tuning risk assessment with antiepileptic drug use in pregnancy. Neurology, 2015, Jan-27, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child Development; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Lamotrigi	2015
Valproate and pregnancy: think again. Neurology, 2015, Jan-27, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child Development; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Lamotrigi	2015
Poor neonatal adaptation following in-utero exposure to quetiapine and lamotrigine. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Infa	2015
Dose-dependent teratogenicity of valproate in mono- and polytherapy: an observational study. Neurology, 2015, Sep-08, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D	2015
[Position Statement of Hungarian Epilepsy League: The use of valproate preparations for epilepsy in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age]. Ideggyogyaszati szemle, 2015, Mar-30, Volume: 68, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cognition; Contraception; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug	2015
Lamotrigine use in pregnancy and risk of orofacial cleft and other congenital anomalies. Neurology, 2016, 05-03, Volume: 86, Issue:18 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Case-Control Studies; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate;	2016
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes After Lamotrigine Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis from an Urban Maternal Mental Health Centre in New Zealand. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2016, Aug-15, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Humans; Infant; Lamotrigine; Mental Health; New	2016
Does lamotrigine use in pregnancy increase orofacial cleft risk relative to other malformations? Neurology, 2008, Sep-02, Volume: 71, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Antimanic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Community He	2008
Levetiracetam plasma level monitoring during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: clinical and outcome implications. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Mat	2009
Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. The New England journal of medicine, 2009, Apr-16, Volume: 360, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Developmental Disabilities; Dose	2009
Utilization of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy: comparative patterns in 38 countries based on data from the EURAP registry. Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2009
Seizure frequency in pregnant women treated with lamotrigine monotherapy. Epilepsia, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:9 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2009
Valproic acid: long-term effects on children exposed in utero. Prescrire international, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:104 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Dose	2009
Prospective surveillance of Croatian pregnant women on lamotrigine monotherapy--aspects of pre-pregnancy counseling and drug monitoring. Acta clinica Croatica, 2009, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Preconception Care;	2009
Is lamotrigine a significant human teratogen? Observations from the Australian Pregnancy Register. Seizure, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Congenital Abnormalities; Dose-Response Rel	2010
Perinatal exposure to maternal lamotrigine: clinical considerations for the mother and child. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2010, Volume: 56, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Lamotr	2010
Drug monitoring of lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine combination during pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Drug Thera	2010
Carbamazepine in pregnancy: Levetiracetam and lamotrigine are better options. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2011, Jan-25, Volume: 342 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Contraindications; Epilepsy; Female; Hu	2011
Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 in human placenta at term. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2011, Volume: 35, Issue:3-4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Blotting, Western; Case-Control Studies; Epilepsy; Female; Gene Expression Regulati	2011
Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Archives of disease in childhood, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:7 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities;	2011
Final results from 18 years of the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry. Neurology, 2011, May-24, Volume: 76, Issue:21 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Female; Humans; Infant; Lamotrigine; Pregnanc	2011
Fetal effects of anticonvulsant polytherapies: different risks from different drug combinations. Archives of neurology, 2011, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Canada; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, C	2011
Algorithm for lamotrigine dose adjustment before, during, and after pregnancy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2012, Volume: 126, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule;	2012
Economic evaluation of anti-epileptic drug therapies with specific focus on teratogenic outcomes. Journal of medical economics, 2012, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Epil	2012
[Clinical application of newer anti-epileptic drugs]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2012, Volume: 52, Issue:11 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy; Female; Fructose; Gabapentin; gamma-	2012
Lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy. Neurology, 2002, Jul-23, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; P	2002
Preliminary results on pregnancy outcomes in women using lamotrigine. Epilepsia, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Congenital Abnormalities; Drug Therapy, Combination; E	2002
Valproic acid and lamotrigine treatment during pregnancy. The risk of chromosomal abnormality. Mutation research, 2003, Jan-10, Volume: 534, Issue:1-2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Chromosome Aberrations	2003
Case reports of women with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2003, Volume: 44 Suppl 3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lamo	2003
The Australian registry of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy: experience after 30 months. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2003, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Congenital Abnormaliti	2003
Epilepsy and pregnancy: lamotrigine as main drug used. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy;	2004
The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the metabolism of lamotrigine. Neurology, 2004, Jan-27, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pregnancy;	2004
Interaction between anticonvulsants and human placental carnitine transporter. Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Culture Techn	2004
Gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: a monotherapy study. Neurology, 2004, Aug-10, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Bl	2004
Navigating toward fetal and maternal health: the challenge of treating epilepsy in pregnancy. Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:10 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Child; Cohort Studies; Confoundi	2004
Australian pregnancy registry of women taking antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:11 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female	2004
What can we say to women of reproductive age with epilepsy? Neurology, 2005, Mar-22, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E	2005
Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation. Archives of women's mental health, 2005, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsies, Myoclonic; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactatio	2005
[Epileptic seizures during childbirth in a patient with idiopathic generalised epilepsy]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2005, Jun-18, Volume: 149, Issue:25 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cesarean Section; Clonazepam; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Generalized; Epi	2005
Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Neurology, 2006, Feb-14, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy; Femal	2006
Major congenital malformations and antiepileptic drugs: prospective observations. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 77, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combin	2006
Antiepileptic drugs: a case report in a pregnancy with a neural tube defect. Pediatric neurology, 2006, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Lamotrigine; Myoclonic Epilepsy, J	2006
Maternal lamotrigine treatment and elevated neonatal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Pediatric neurology, 2006, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neo	2006
Effect of dose on the frequency of major birth defects following fetal exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy in an international observational study. Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Congenital Abnormalities; Databases as Topic; Dose-Res	2007
Consecutive exposure to lamotrigine and citalopram during pregnancy. Archives of women's mental health, 2007, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety; Citalopram; Depression; Drug Administration Sched	2007
Teratogenicity of lamotrigine. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2007, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anticonvulsants; Cleft Palate; Drug Evaluation; Epilepsy; Female; Human	2007
Lamotrigine in pregnancy: clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency. Neurology, 2008, May-27, Volume: 70, Issue:22 Pt 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cohort Studies; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamot	2008
Plasma concentrations of lamotrigine and its 2-N-glucuronide metabolite during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epi	2008
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 1995, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Clonazepam; Cricetinae;	1995
Safety of long-term lamotrigine in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Age Factors; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Chil	1997
Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report. Epilepsia, 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relation	1997
Monitoring pregnancy outcomes after prenatal drug exposure through prospective pregnancy registries: a pharmaceutical company commitment. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2000, Volume: 182, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acyclovir; Anticonvulsants; Antiviral Agents; Drug Industry; Epilepsy;	2000
Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation. Epilepsia, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Epilepsy; Female; Feta	2000
Pregnancy registries in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Cross-Cultural Comparison	2001

lamotrigine and Complications, Pregnancy