Page last updated: 2024-10-17

lactic acid and Fetal Growth Restriction

lactic acid has been researched along with Fetal Growth Restriction in 44 studies

Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"We report on 2 women with organic acidemias, one with classical maple syrup urine disease and another with mild propionic acidemia in which protein restricted diets and carnitine supplementation were successfully employed to manage pregnancies."7.68Case reports of successful pregnancy in women with maple syrup urine disease and propionic acidemia. ( Barness, LA; Davidson, SR; Harding, CO; Van Calcar, SC; Wolff, JA, 1992)
" Taurine may have been released by the tissues as a protective mechanism against hypoxia-induced inflammation, or in an attempt to maintain osmotic balance."3.74Taurine as a marker for foetal wellbeing? ( de Boo, HA; Harding, JE, 2007)
" Of the 24 fetuses with normal heart rates and abnormal velocimetry, 4 (17 percent) had moderate lactic acidosis, 1 (4 percent) had a low pH value, and 3 (12 percent) had hypoxia."3.68Diagnostic value of blood sampling in fetuses with growth retardation. ( Battaglia, FC; Bozzetti, P; Buscaglia, M; Cetin, I; Ferrazzi, E; Lanfranchi, A; Marconi, AM; Pardi, G, 1993)
"We report on 2 women with organic acidemias, one with classical maple syrup urine disease and another with mild propionic acidemia in which protein restricted diets and carnitine supplementation were successfully employed to manage pregnancies."3.68Case reports of successful pregnancy in women with maple syrup urine disease and propionic acidemia. ( Barness, LA; Davidson, SR; Harding, CO; Van Calcar, SC; Wolff, JA, 1992)
"During placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR), uteroplacental weight-specific oxygen consumption rates are maintained, yet fetal glucose and amino acid supply is decreased and fetal lactate concentrations are increased."1.91Adaptive responses in uteroplacental metabolism and fetoplacental nutrient shuttling and sensing during placental insufficiency. ( Brown, LD; Julian, CG; Kyllo, HM; Lorca, RA; Moore, LG; Rozance, PJ; Wang, D; Wesolowski, SR; Wilkening, RB, 2023)
"Considering SGA being a proxy for fetal growth restriction, and acidemia a proxy for hypoxia, it is concluded that growth-restricted fetuses have an intact ability to develop lacticemia during hypoxia."1.48The small-for-gestational-age fetus has an intact ability to develop lacticemia when exposed to hypoxia: a retrospective comparative register study. ( Åkerman, F; Källén, K; Mokarami, P; Olofsson, P, 2018)
"While utero-placental insufficiency is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus, many of the maternal-fetal adaptations during pregnancy in models of fetal compromise remain unclear."1.38Circulating and utero-placental adaptations to chronic placental ischemia in the rat. ( Banek, CT; Bauer, AJ; Chasson, S; Gilbert, JS; Gingery, A, 2012)
"In addition, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) increases the susceptibility of offspring to high-fat (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome."1.38Intrauterine growth retardation increases the susceptibility of pigs to high-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. ( Chen, D; He, J; Huang, Z; Liu, J; Mao, X; Yao, Y; Yu, B; Zheng, P, 2012)
"Nutritional interventions for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have raised concerns for fetal toxicity, the mechanisms of which are unknown."1.35Glucose replacement to euglycemia causes hypoxia, acidosis, and decreased insulin secretion in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction. ( Barry, JS; Brown, LD; Hay, WW; Limesand, SW; Rozance, PJ, 2009)
"Severe fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often associated with hypoxia."1.34Development and mechanisms of fetal hypoxia in severe fetal growth restriction. ( Battaglia, FC; de Vrijer, B; Galan, HL; Meschia, G; Regnault, TR; Wilkening, RB, 2007)
"Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation show lower preprandial values of glucose and ketone bodies than newborns with appropriate weight, but higher levels of lactate and pyruvate; nevertheless the lactate/pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratios are normal."1.32Redox status in very-low birth-weight newborns. ( Bossoli, S; Dani, C; Filippi, L; Giani, T; Messeri, A; Pezzati, M; Rubaltelli, FF; Tronchin, M, 2004)
"Many fetuses suffering from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are hypoglycaemic."1.32Glucose metabolism in the human preterm and term placenta of IUGR fetuses. ( Jansson, T; Magnusson, AL; Powell, T; Wennergren, M, 2004)
"Severe hypoxemia induces similar alterations of renal excretion in newborn piglets."1.31Effect of severe normocapnic hypoxia on renal function in growth-restricted newborn piglets. ( Bauer, R; Walter, B; Zwiener, U, 2000)
"Intrauterine growth retardation was induced in newborn dogs after 3 days of maternal nutritional deprivation (birth weight 251 +/- 7 versus 227 +/- 7 g, p less than 0."1.27Cerebral metabolic response to neonatal hypoglycemia in growth-retarded dogs. ( Kliegman, RM, 1988)
"We examined the possibility that in preeclampsia complicated by fetal growth retardation, placental energy state is low either because of impaired glycolysis or because of ischemia resulting from reduced maternal placental blood flow."1.27Placental glycolysis and energy metabolism in preeclampsia. ( Bloxam, DL; Bullen, BE; Lao, TT; Walters, BN, 1987)
"In 14 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, the umbilical cord was sampled before delivery under ultrasonic guidance for rapid fetal karyotyping."1.27Cord sampling for the evaluation of oxygenation and acid-base balance in growth-retarded human fetuses. ( Battaglia, FC; Bozzetti, P; Buscaglia, M; Cetin, I; Ferrazzi, E; Makowski, EL; Marconi, AM; Pardi, G, 1987)

Research

Studies (44)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19905 (11.36)18.7374
1990's9 (20.45)18.2507
2000's14 (31.82)29.6817
2010's13 (29.55)24.3611
2020's3 (6.82)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Jones, AK1
Wang, D2
Goldstrohm, DA1
Brown, LD3
Rozance, PJ4
Limesand, SW3
Wesolowski, SR2
Kyllo, HM1
Lorca, RA1
Julian, CG1
Moore, LG1
Wilkening, RB3
Zhang, H1
Chen, Y1
Li, Y1
Wang, T1
Åkerman, F1
Mokarami, P1
Källén, K1
Olofsson, P1
Parisi, S1
Monzeglio, C1
Attini, R1
Biolcati, M1
Masturzo, B1
Mensa, M1
Mischinelli, M1
Pilloni, E1
Todros, T1
Metges, CC1
Görs, S1
Lang, IS1
Hammon, HM1
Brüssow, KP1
Weitzel, JM1
Nürnberg, G1
Rehfeldt, C1
Otten, W1
Brutsaert, TD1
Tamvada, KH1
Kiyamu, M1
White, DD1
Gage, TB1
Corvino, SB1
Netto, AO1
Sinzato, YK1
Campos, KE1
Calderon, IM1
Rudge, MV1
Volpato, GT1
Zambrano, E1
Damasceno, DC1
Andescavage, N1
Limperopoulos, C1
Evangelou, I1
Murnick, J1
du Plessis, A1
Barry, JS1
Hay, WW3
Charles-Edwards, GD1
Jan, W1
To, M1
Maxwell, D1
Keevil, SF1
Robinson, R1
Cetin, I4
Barberis, B1
Brusati, V1
Brighina, E1
Mandia, L1
Arighi, A1
Radaelli, T1
Biondetti, P1
Bresolin, N1
Pardi, G5
Rango, M1
Højbjerre, L1
Alibegovic, AC1
Sonne, MP1
Dela, F1
Vaag, A1
Bruun, JM1
Stallknecht, B1
Gilbert, JS1
Bauer, AJ1
Gingery, A1
Banek, CT1
Chasson, S1
Liu, J1
Chen, D1
Yao, Y1
Yu, B1
Mao, X1
He, J1
Huang, Z1
Zheng, P1
Holzmann, M1
Cnattingius, S1
Nordström, L1
Torrance, HL1
Pistorius, L1
Voorbij, HA1
Visser, GH1
Selak, MA1
Storey, BT1
Peterside, I1
Simmons, RA1
Filippi, L1
Messeri, A1
Dani, C1
Pezzati, M1
Tronchin, M1
Giani, T1
Bossoli, S1
Rubaltelli, FF1
Magnusson, AL1
Powell, T1
Wennergren, M1
Jansson, T2
de Vrijer, B2
Regnault, TR2
Meschia, G2
Battaglia, FC6
Marconi, AM4
Paolini, CL1
Zerbe, G1
Settle, P1
Sibley, CP1
Doughty, IM1
Johnston, T1
Glazier, JD1
Powell, TL1
D'Souza, SW1
Galan, HL1
de Boo, HA1
Harding, JE1
Wallace, JM1
Milne, JS1
Aitken, RP1
Smith, D1
Moxon-Lester, L1
Sinclair, K1
Burke, C1
Cowin, GJ1
Rose, SE1
Colditz, P1
Azpurua, H1
Alvarado, A1
Mayobre, F1
Salom, T1
Copel, JA1
Guevara-Zuloaga, F1
Robinson, JS1
Jones, CT1
Kingston, EJ1
Leth, H1
Toft, PB1
Pryds, O1
Peitersen, B1
Lou, HC1
Henriksen, O1
Ferrazzi, E4
Bellotti, M1
Marconi, A1
Flisi, L1
Barbera, A1
Steiner, H1
Staudach, A1
Spitzer, D1
Schaffer, KH1
Gregg, A1
Weiner, CP1
Lanfranchi, A1
Bozzetti, P2
Buscaglia, M2
Boyle, DW1
Lecklitner, S1
Liechty, EA1
Lin, CH2
Gelardi, NL2
Cha, CJ2
Oh, W2
Bauer, R1
Walter, B1
Zwiener, U1
Van Calcar, SC1
Harding, CO1
Davidson, SR1
Barness, LA1
Wolff, JA1
Ferrari, MM1
Fowden, AL1
Hughes, P1
Comline, RS1
Kliegman, RM1
Bloxam, DL1
Bullen, BE1
Walters, BN1
Lao, TT1
Makowski, EL1

Trials

1 trial available for lactic acid and Fetal Growth Restriction

ArticleYear
Lactate production as a response to intrapartum hypoxia in the growth-restricted fetus.
    BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2012, Volume: 119, Issue:10

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Hypoxia;

2012

Other Studies

43 other studies available for lactic acid and Fetal Growth Restriction

ArticleYear
Tissue-specific responses that constrain glucose oxidation and increase lactate production with the severity of hypoxemia in fetal sheep.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2022, 02-01, Volume: 322, Issue:2

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Hypoxia; Fe

2022
Adaptive responses in uteroplacental metabolism and fetoplacental nutrient shuttling and sensing during placental insufficiency.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2023, 06-01, Volume: 324, Issue:6

    Topics: Amino Acids; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Glucos

2023
Protective Effect of Polydatin on Jejunal Mucosal Integrity, Redox Status, Inflammatory Response, and Mitochondrial Function in Intrauterine Growth-Retarded Weanling Piglets.
    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2020, Volume: 2020

    Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Dietary Supplements; DNA,

2020
The small-for-gestational-age fetus has an intact ability to develop lacticemia when exposed to hypoxia: a retrospective comparative register study.
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2018, Volume: 31, Issue:10

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Gr

2018
Evidence of lower oxygen reserves during labour in the growth restricted human foetus: a retrospective study.
    BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2017, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Birth Weight; Cardiotocography; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Distress; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heart

2017
Low and high dietary protein:carbohydrate ratios during pregnancy affect materno-fetal glucose metabolism in pigs.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2014, Volume: 144, Issue:2

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate

2014
Response to an aerobic training intervention in young adults depends on ponderal index at birth.
    Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 2012, Volume: 3, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Exercise; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation

2012
Intrauterine Growth Restricted Rats Exercised at Pregnancy: Maternal-Fetal Repercussions.
    Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:8

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental;

2015
Pregnancy outcomes in two growth restricted fetuses with in utero cerebral lactate.
    Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, 2015, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Brain; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactic Acid;

2015
Glucose replacement to euglycemia causes hypoxia, acidosis, and decreased insulin secretion in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction.
    Pediatric research, 2009, Volume: 65, Issue:1

    Topics: Acidosis; Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Dioxide; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulati

2009
Non-invasive detection and quantification of human foetal brain lactate in utero by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Prenatal diagnosis, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Hypoxia; Fetus; H

2010
Lactate detection in the brain of growth-restricted fetuses with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2011, Volume: 205, Issue:4

    Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Feasibility Studies; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Lactic Acid; Magnetic

2011
Increased lipolysis but diminished gene expression of lipases in subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy young males with intrauterine growth retardation.
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2011, Volume: 111, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Bed Rest; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation;

2011
Circulating and utero-placental adaptations to chronic placental ischemia in the rat.
    Placenta, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Insu

2012
Intrauterine growth retardation increases the susceptibility of pigs to high-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
    PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; DNA, Mitochondrial; Eating; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation

2012
Lactate to creatinine ratio in amniotic fluid: a pilot study.
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2013, Volume: 26, Issue:7

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Amniotic Fluid; Biomarkers; Cesarean Section; Creatinine; Female; Fetal Blood; Fet

2013
Impaired oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of intrauterine growth-retarded rats.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 285, Issue:1

    Topics: Aconitate Hydratase; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Citrate (si)

2003
Redox status in very-low birth-weight newborns.
    Biology of the neonate, 2004, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Hu

2004
Glucose metabolism in the human preterm and term placenta of IUGR fetuses.
    Placenta, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Biological Transport; Chorionic Villi; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Glu

2004
Placental uptake and transport of ACP, a neutral nonmetabolizable amino acid, in an ovine model of fetal growth restriction.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 287, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature; Cycloleucine; Ethanol; Female; Fetal

2004
Lactacidemia in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancies: relationship to clinical severity, oxygenation and placental weight.
    Pediatric research, 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Pt 1

    Topics: Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Weight; Gestational Age; Humans; Lactic Acid; Organ Size; Ox

2006
Placental lactate transporter activity and expression in intrauterine growth restriction.
    Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:5

    Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Blotting, Western; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestation

2006
Development and mechanisms of fetal hypoxia in severe fetal growth restriction.
    Placenta, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth

2007
Taurine as a marker for foetal wellbeing?
    Neonatology, 2007, Volume: 91, Issue:3

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Development; Fe

2007
Sensitivity to metabolic signals in late-gestation growth-restricted fetuses from rapidly growing adolescent sheep.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 293, Issue:5

    Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Body Weight; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Tec

2007
Increased insulin sensitivity and maintenance of glucose utilization rates in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction.
    American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 293, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Female; Fetal Growth Retardatio

2007
Increased cerebral lactate during hypoxia may be neuroprotective in newborn piglets with intrauterine growth restriction.
    Brain research, 2007, Nov-07, Volume: 1179

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Birth Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cell Count; Diffusion Ma

2007
Metabolic assessment of the brain using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a growth-restricted human fetus: case report.
    American journal of perinatology, 2008, Volume: 25, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Child, Preschool; Choline; Female; Fetal Growth Retard

2008
Studies on experimental growth retardation in sheep. The effects of maternal hypoxaemia.
    Journal of developmental physiology, 1983, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Blood Glucose; Endometrium; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation;

1983
Brain lactate in preterm and growth-retarded neonates.
    Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 1995, Volume: 84, Issue:5

    Topics: Brain; Corpus Striatum; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature

1995
Peak velocity of the outflow tract of the aorta: correlations with acid base status and oxygenation of the growth-retarded fetus.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1995, Volume: 85, Issue:5 Pt 1

    Topics: Aorta; Blood Flow Velocity; Carbon Dioxide; Ductus Arteriosus; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Ges

1995
Growth deficient fetuses with absent or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic flow are metabolically compromised.
    Early human development, 1995, Mar-17, Volume: 41, Issue:1

    Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Cesarean Section; Cordocentesis; Diastole; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestati

1995
Diagnostic value of blood sampling in fetuses with growth retardation.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1993, Mar-11, Volume: 328, Issue:10

    Topics: Acidosis; Amino Acids; Cordocentesis; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Growth Reta

1993
Effect of prolonged uterine blood flow reduction on fetal growth in sheep.
    The American journal of physiology, 1996, Volume: 270, Issue:1 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Bloo

1996
Cerebral metabolic response to hypoglycemia in severe intrauterine growth-retarded rat pups.
    Early human development, 1998, May-29, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glucose; Hy

1998
Cerebral metabolic response to hypoglycemia in severe intrauterine growth-retarded rat pups.
    Early human development, 1998, Aug-28, Volume: 52, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glucose; Hypoglycemia; Lac

1998
Effect of severe normocapnic hypoxia on renal function in growth-restricted newborn piglets.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2000, Volume: 279, Issue:3

    Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxi

2000
Case reports of successful pregnancy in women with maple syrup urine disease and propionic acidemia.
    American journal of medical genetics, 1992, Nov-15, Volume: 44, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Carbon-Carbon Ligases; Carnitine; Citrates; Citric Acid; Female; Fetal Growth Re

1992
Lactate metabolism in normal and growth-retarded human fetuses.
    Pediatric research, 1990, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Hypoxia; Fetus; Humans; Lactates; Lactic Acid;

1990
The effects of insulin on the growth rate of the sheep fetus during late gestation.
    Quarterly journal of experimental physiology (Cambridge, England), 1989, Volume: 74, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestation

1989
Cerebral metabolic response to neonatal hypoglycemia in growth-retarded dogs.
    Pediatric research, 1988, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glycogen

1988
Placental glycolysis and energy metabolism in preeclampsia.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1987, Volume: 157, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactat

1987
Cord sampling for the evaluation of oxygenation and acid-base balance in growth-retarded human fetuses.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1987, Volume: 157, Issue:5

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Monitoring; Heart Rate,

1987