lactic acid has been researched along with Adipocere in 48 studies
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on rigor mortis development, calpastatin activity, and tenderness in anatomically similar avian muscles composed primarily of either red or white muscle fibers." | 7.70 | The influence of postmortem electrical stimulation on rigor mortis development, calpastatin activity, and tenderness in broiler and duck pectoralis. ( Alvarado, CZ; Sams, AR, 2000) |
| " Glucose and lactic acid in vitreous humor and blood levels of acetone were found to be valuable indicators of antemortem hyperglycemia in diabetics." | 7.69 | The use of vitreous humor levels of glucose, lactic acid and blood levels of acetone to establish antemortem hyperglycemia in diabetics. ( Jobin, F; Péclet, C; Picotte, P, 1994) |
| "Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic illness responsible for a great number of deaths." | 5.31 | Glucose and lactate in vitreous humor compared with the determination of fructosamine for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. ( Conejero, J; García-Víllora, A; Luna, A; Maria Abenza, J; Martínez, P; Osuna, E; Pérez-Cárceles, M, 2001) |
| "We examined the postmortem changes in the levels of ATP, glycogen and lactic acid in two masticatory muscles and three leg muscles of rats." | 5.30 | Does the sequence of onset of rigor mortis depend on the proportion of muscle fibre types and on intra-muscular glycogen content? ( Iwase, H; Kobayashi, M; Matsuda, Y; Nagao, M; Nakajima, M; Niijima, H; Saka, K; Takatori, T, 1999) |
| "Glucose, Traub formula, fructosamine, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate can be used to detect postmortem hyperglycemia with some limitations; 1,5 Anhydro-d-glucitol can only be used to suggest the absence of a hyperglycemic status before death." | 5.12 | Markers of hyperglycemia in the vitreous humor. A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Hostiuc, M; Hostiuc, S; Negoi, I, 2021) |
| "This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on rigor mortis development, calpastatin activity, and tenderness in anatomically similar avian muscles composed primarily of either red or white muscle fibers." | 3.70 | The influence of postmortem electrical stimulation on rigor mortis development, calpastatin activity, and tenderness in broiler and duck pectoralis. ( Alvarado, CZ; Sams, AR, 2000) |
| " Glucose and lactic acid in vitreous humor and blood levels of acetone were found to be valuable indicators of antemortem hyperglycemia in diabetics." | 3.69 | The use of vitreous humor levels of glucose, lactic acid and blood levels of acetone to establish antemortem hyperglycemia in diabetics. ( Jobin, F; Péclet, C; Picotte, P, 1994) |
| "Post mortem diagnosis of glucose metabolism disorders can be difficult and vague because of the lack of characteristic morphological findings." | 2.47 | Disorders of glucose metabolism-post mortem analyses in forensic cases: part I. ( Hess, C; Madea, B; Musshoff, F, 2011) |
| "Analysis of postmortem changes in lactate content in MT, depending on the time periods of the prescription of death coming (PDC)revealed that after 3 hours." | 1.62 | The content of lactate in muscle tissue of different types in the early post-mortal period. ( Cherkashyna, L; Demikhova, N; Khoroshun, E; Miz, A; Reminetskyy, B; Shklyar, A; Sukhonosov, R, 2021) |
| "Glycylglycine was also significantly (p=0." | 1.46 | Metabolic profile alterations in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. ( Fujii, T; Hattori, K; Kunugi, H; Miyakawa, T; Ohashi, Y; Sato, H, 2017) |
| "Diabetes and alcohol abuse may cause severe metabolic disturbances that can be fatal." | 1.39 | Assessment of Traub formula and ketone bodies in cause of death investigations. ( Keltanen, T; Lindroos, K; Palo, JU; Partanen, T; Sajantila, A; Valonen, T, 2013) |
| "Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic illness responsible for a great number of deaths." | 1.31 | Glucose and lactate in vitreous humor compared with the determination of fructosamine for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. ( Conejero, J; García-Víllora, A; Luna, A; Maria Abenza, J; Martínez, P; Osuna, E; Pérez-Cárceles, M, 2001) |
| "We examined the postmortem changes in the levels of ATP, glycogen and lactic acid in two masticatory muscles and three leg muscles of rats." | 1.30 | Does the sequence of onset of rigor mortis depend on the proportion of muscle fibre types and on intra-muscular glycogen content? ( Iwase, H; Kobayashi, M; Matsuda, Y; Nagao, M; Nakajima, M; Niijima, H; Saka, K; Takatori, T, 1999) |
| "In the muscles of pigs with malignant hyperthermia syndrome the process of glycolysis is accelerated by the pre-slaughter stress." | 1.28 | [Postmortem metabolism of glycogen in the muscles of healthy pigs and in pigs with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome]. ( Uhrín, P, 1990) |
| "5." | 1.28 | Post mortem glycogenolysis is a combination of phosphorolysis and hydrolysis. ( Calder, PC; Geddes, R, 1990) |
| "Adult sudden death cases (heart attacks) had low lactate and high pH values, whereas agonal state cases had high lactate and low pH values." | 1.28 | Postmortem human brain pH and lactate in sudden infant death syndrome. ( Butterworth, J; Tennant, MC, 1989) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 9 (18.75) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 11 (22.92) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9 (18.75) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 17 (35.42) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (4.17) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hostiuc, S | 1 |
| Negoi, I | 1 |
| Hostiuc, M | 1 |
| Cherkashyna, L | 1 |
| Miz, A | 1 |
| Reminetskyy, B | 1 |
| Shklyar, A | 1 |
| Sukhonosov, R | 1 |
| Demikhova, N | 1 |
| Khoroshun, E | 1 |
| Matarneh, SK | 2 |
| England, EM | 2 |
| Scheffler, TL | 3 |
| Yen, CN | 1 |
| Wicks, JC | 1 |
| Shi, H | 1 |
| Gerrard, DE | 3 |
| Go, A | 1 |
| Shim, G | 1 |
| Park, J | 1 |
| Hwang, J | 1 |
| Nam, M | 1 |
| Jeong, H | 1 |
| Chung, H | 1 |
| Liang, J | 1 |
| Yang, Q | 1 |
| Zhu, MJ | 1 |
| Jin, Y | 1 |
| Du, M | 1 |
| Keltanen, T | 2 |
| Sajantila, A | 2 |
| Palo, JU | 1 |
| Partanen, T | 1 |
| Valonen, T | 1 |
| Lindroos, K | 2 |
| Choe, JH | 1 |
| Kim, BC | 1 |
| Nenonen, T | 1 |
| Ketola, RA | 1 |
| Ojanperä, I | 1 |
| Fujii, T | 1 |
| Hattori, K | 1 |
| Miyakawa, T | 1 |
| Ohashi, Y | 1 |
| Sato, H | 1 |
| Kunugi, H | 1 |
| Zilg, B | 1 |
| Alkass, K | 1 |
| Berg, S | 1 |
| Druid, H | 1 |
| Edwards, LN | 1 |
| Engle, TE | 1 |
| Correa, JA | 1 |
| Paradis, MA | 1 |
| Grandin, T | 1 |
| Anderson, DB | 1 |
| Musshoff, F | 3 |
| Klotzbach, H | 1 |
| Block, W | 1 |
| Traeber, F | 1 |
| Schild, H | 1 |
| Madea, B | 3 |
| Kim, YH | 1 |
| Huff-Lonergan, E | 1 |
| Sebranek, JG | 1 |
| Lonergan, SM | 1 |
| Hess, C | 2 |
| Park, S | 1 |
| Mihailovic, Z | 1 |
| Atanasijevic, T | 1 |
| Popovic, V | 1 |
| Milosevic, MB | 1 |
| Palmiere, C | 1 |
| Sporkert, F | 1 |
| Vaucher, P | 1 |
| Werner, D | 1 |
| Bardy, D | 1 |
| Rey, F | 1 |
| Lardi, C | 1 |
| Brunel, C | 1 |
| Augsburger, M | 1 |
| Mangin, P | 1 |
| Stratmann, B | 1 |
| Quester, W | 1 |
| Tschoepe, D | 1 |
| Frylinck, L | 1 |
| Strydom, PE | 1 |
| Webb, EC | 1 |
| du Toit, E | 1 |
| Bertram, HC | 2 |
| Jakobsen, HJ | 2 |
| Andersen, HJ | 2 |
| Karlsson, AH | 1 |
| Engelsen, SB | 1 |
| Opalka, JR | 1 |
| Wicke, M | 1 |
| Gellerich, FN | 1 |
| Schmidt, R | 1 |
| Rosner, F | 1 |
| Zierz, S | 1 |
| von Lengerken, G | 1 |
| Banaschak, S | 1 |
| Rzanny, R | 1 |
| Reichenbach, JR | 1 |
| Kaiser, WA | 1 |
| Klein, A | 1 |
| Halim, ND | 1 |
| Lipska, BK | 1 |
| Hyde, TM | 1 |
| Deep-Soboslay, A | 1 |
| Saylor, EM | 1 |
| Herman, MM | 1 |
| Thakar, J | 1 |
| Verma, A | 1 |
| Kleinman, JE | 1 |
| Rothman, DL | 1 |
| Behar, KL | 1 |
| Hetherington, HP | 1 |
| Shulman, RG | 1 |
| Scheibe, F | 1 |
| Haupt, H | 1 |
| Hache, U | 1 |
| Bannister, DW | 1 |
| O'Neill, IE | 1 |
| Whitehead, CC | 1 |
| Thompson, WC | 1 |
| Malhotra, D | 1 |
| Schammel, DP | 1 |
| Blackwell, W | 1 |
| Ward, ME | 1 |
| Dasgupta, A | 1 |
| Péclet, C | 1 |
| Picotte, P | 1 |
| Jobin, F | 1 |
| Chou, RG | 1 |
| Tseng, TF | 1 |
| Chen, MT | 1 |
| De Letter, EA | 1 |
| Piette, MH | 1 |
| Kobayashi, M | 1 |
| Takatori, T | 1 |
| Nakajima, M | 1 |
| Saka, K | 1 |
| Iwase, H | 1 |
| Nagao, M | 1 |
| Niijima, H | 1 |
| Matsuda, Y | 1 |
| Sante, V | 1 |
| Le Pottier, G | 1 |
| Astruc, T | 1 |
| Mouchoniere, M | 1 |
| Fernandez, X | 1 |
| Alvarado, CZ | 1 |
| Sams, AR | 1 |
| Osuna, E | 1 |
| García-Víllora, A | 1 |
| Pérez-Cárceles, M | 1 |
| Conejero, J | 1 |
| Maria Abenza, J | 1 |
| Martínez, P | 1 |
| Luna, A | 1 |
| Smith, DP | 1 |
| Fletcher, DL | 2 |
| Papa, CM | 2 |
| Uhrín, P | 2 |
| Litpaj, T | 1 |
| Oldendorf, WH | 2 |
| Stoller, BE | 1 |
| Yates, CM | 1 |
| Butterworth, J | 2 |
| Tennant, MC | 2 |
| Gordon, A | 1 |
| Calder, PC | 1 |
| Geddes, R | 1 |
| McGinnis, JP | 1 |
| Buhr, RJ | 1 |
| Novitzky, D | 1 |
| Cooper, DK | 1 |
| Morrell, D | 1 |
| Isaacs, S | 1 |
| Petroff, OA | 1 |
| Ogino, T | 1 |
| Alger, JR | 1 |
| Miller, LP | 1 |
| Villeneuve, JB | 1 |
| Kernbach, G | 1 |
| Püschel, K | 1 |
| Brinkmann, B | 1 |
3 reviews available for lactic acid and Adipocere
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Markers of hyperglycemia in the vitreous humor. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Biomarkers; Deoxyglucose; Forensic Medicine; Fructosamine; Glucose; Humans; H | 2021 |
Disorders of glucose metabolism-post mortem analyses in forensic cases: part I.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Forensic Pathology; Fructosamine; Glucose; | 2011 |
Lessons to learn about postmortem metabolism using the AMPKγ3(R200Q) mutation in the pig.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion | 2011 |
45 other studies available for lactic acid and Adipocere
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The content of lactate in muscle tissue of different types in the early post-mortal period.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Lactic Acid; Muscles; Postmortem Changes | 2021 |
A mitochondrial protein increases glycolytic flux.
Topics: Animals; Female; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Mitochondria; | 2017 |
Analysis of hypoxanthine and lactic acid levels in vitreous humor for the estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) using LC-MS/MS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadaver; Child; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Forensic | 2019 |
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 subunit mediates glycolysis in postmortem skeletal muscle.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Aci | 2013 |
Assessment of Traub formula and ketone bodies in cause of death investigations.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Acetone; Alcoholism; Algorithms; Autopsy; Biomarkers; Blood Gl | 2013 |
Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Blood Glucose; Color; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hydrogen-Ion | 2014 |
Mitochondria influence postmortem metabolism and pH in an in vitro model.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glycogen; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Meat; Mi | 2015 |
Post-mortem analysis of lactate concentration in diabetics and metformin poisonings.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ketone Bodies; Lactic Acid; M | 2015 |
Metabolic profile alterations in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Female; Glycylglycine; Humans; Lacti | 2017 |
Postmortem identification of hyperglycemia.
Topics: Blood Gas Analysis; Diabetic Coma; Female; Forensic Pathology; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Lacti | 2009 |
The relationship between exsanguination blood lactate concentration and carcass quality in slaughter pigs.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Cadaver; Carbon Dioxide; Food Technology; Hemorrhage; Lactic Acid; Male; Meat; P | 2010 |
Comparison of post-mortem metabolic changes in sheep brain tissue in isolated heads and whole animals using 1H-MR spectroscopy--preliminary results.
Topics: Acetates; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance | 2011 |
Effects of lactate/phosphate injection enhancement on oxidation stability and protein degradation in early postmortem beef cuts packaged in high oxygen modified atmosphere.
Topics: Animals; Atmosphere; Cattle; Color; Desmin; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Food Technology; Lacti | 2010 |
Could lactates in vitreous humour be used to estimate the time since death?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Postmortem Ch | 2011 |
Is the formula of Traub still up to date in antemortem blood glucose level estimation?
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Acetone; Blood Glucose; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Forensi | 2012 |
Clinical and forensic examinations of glycaemic marker methylglyoxal by means of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Coma; F | 2013 |
Effect of South African beef production systems on post-mortem muscle energy status and meat quality.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Breeding; | 2013 |
Post-mortem changes in porcine M. longissimus studied by solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cryopreservation; Fatty Acids; Glycogen; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance S | 2003 |
Combined high-field 13C CP MAS NMR and low-field NMR relaxation measurements on post mortem porcine muscles.
Topics: Animals; Body Water; Cell Membrane; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Reso | 2004 |
Mitochondrial function in turkey skeletal muscle--impact on meat quality.
Topics: Acidosis; Aging; Animals; Body Composition; Glycolysis; Histocytochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentrati | 2004 |
Estimation of postmortem metabolic changes in porcine brain tissue using 1H-MR spectroscopy--preliminary results.
Topics: Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Choline; Forensic Pathology; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance | 2005 |
Increased lactate levels and reduced pH in postmortem brains of schizophrenics: medication confounds.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Artifacts; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Cerebel | 2008 |
Homonuclear 1H double-resonance difference spectroscopy of the rat brain in vivo.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; | 1984 |
[Postmortem changes in the perilymphatic lactate and pyruvate concentrations of guinea pigs. (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Labyrinthine Fluids; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Perilymph; Postmortem Changes; Pyr | 1981 |
The post mortem diagnosis of fatal hypoglycaemia using the fatty liver and kidney syndrome of chicks as a model.
Topics: Animals; Biotin; Blood Glucose; Chickens; Fatty Liver; Glucose; Hypoglycemia; Kidney Diseases; Lacta | 1982 |
False-positive ethanol in clinical and postmortem sera by enzymatic assay: elimination of interference by measuring alcohol in protein-free ultrafiltrate.
Topics: Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique; Ethanol; False Positive Reactions; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydr | 1994 |
The use of vitreous humor levels of glucose, lactic acid and blood levels of acetone to establish antemortem hyperglycemia in diabetics.
Topics: Acetone; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Death, Sudden | 1994 |
Acceleration of post-mortem changes in Tsaiya duck (Anas platyrhynchos) breast muscle by lactic acid marination.
Topics: Actinin; Animals; Connectin; Ducks; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Food Handling; Lactic Acid; | 1997 |
Can routinely combined analysis of glucose and lactate in vitreous humour be useful in current forensic practice?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Child; Forensic Medicine; Glucose; Humans; Lactic Ac | 1998 |
Does the sequence of onset of rigor mortis depend on the proportion of muscle fibre types and on intra-muscular glycogen content?
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Glycogen; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscl | 1999 |
Effect of stunning current frequency on carcass downgrading and meat quality of turkey.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Electricity; Electroshock; Female; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentra | 2000 |
The influence of postmortem electrical stimulation on rigor mortis development, calpastatin activity, and tenderness in broiler and duck pectoralis.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chickens; Ducks; Electric Stimulation; Food Technology; Hydrogen- | 2000 |
Glucose and lactate in vitreous humor compared with the determination of fructosamine for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Fru | 2001 |
Post-mortem biochemistry of Pekin duckling and broiler chicken Pectoralis muscle.
Topics: Adenine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Chickens; Ducks; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inosi | 1992 |
31P NMR study of postmortem metabolism in porcine and bovine muscles.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Res | 1991 |
Rat brain free glucose and lactate measurement by a novel method using bisecting decapitation-extrusion and enzyme denaturation at five seconds.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glucose; Glycolysis; Head; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; | 1991 |
[Postmortem metabolism of glycogen in the muscles of healthy pigs and in pigs with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome].
Topics: Animals; Glycogen; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscles; Postmortem Changes; Swine | 1990 |
Enzyme activities in relation to pH and lactate in postmortem brain in Alzheimer-type and other dementias.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Neurons; Pos | 1990 |
Post mortem glycogenolysis is a combination of phosphorolysis and hydrolysis.
Topics: Acarbose; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Enzyme Activation; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycoside Hydrolase Inh | 1990 |
Early post-mortem metabolism and muscle shortening in the Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Denervation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Lactates; | 1989 |
Postmortem human brain pH and lactate in sudden infant death syndrome.
Topics: Brain; Death, Sudden; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Postmortem | 1989 |
Change from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism after brain death, and reversal following triiodothyronine therapy.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Brain Death; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Gluco | 1988 |
High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rabbit brain: regional metabolite levels and postmortem changes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetates; Amino Acids; Animals; Autolysis; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex | 1988 |
Pretreatment with 3-O-methyl-D-glucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose attenuates the post-mortem rise in rat brain lactate.
Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Injections, Intravenous; La | 1986 |
[Biochemical measurements of glucose metabolism in relation to cause of death and postmortem effects].
Topics: Acetone; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Coma; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hemorrhage; Humans; L | 1986 |