l-2286 and Hypertrophy--Left-Ventricular

During oxidative stress mitochondria become the main source of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the effects of pharmacological PARP-1 inhibition on mitochondrial function and quality control processes.. L-2286, a quinazoline-derivative PARP inhibitor, protects against cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure by favorable modulation of signaling routes. We examined the effects of PARP-1 inhibition on mitochondrial quality control processes and function in vivo and in vitro. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with L-2286 or placebo. In the in vitro model, 150 μM H. PARP-inhibition prevented the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in SHRs. The interfibrillar mitochondrial network were less fragmented, the average mitochondrial size was bigger and showed higher cristae density compared to untreated SHRs. Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation and therefore the fission of mitochondria was inhibited by L-2286 treatment. Moreover, L-2286 treatment increased the amount of fusion proteins (Opa1, Mfn2), thus preserving structural stability. PARP-inhibition also preserved the mitochondrial genome integrity. In addition, the mitochondrial biogenesis was also enhanced due to L-2286 treatment, leading to an overall increase in the ATP production and improvement in survival of stressed cells.. Our results suggest that the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis can be a promising therapeutical target in hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling and heart failure.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Citrate (si)-Synthase; DNA, Mitochondrial; Electrocardiography; Glutathione; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial Proteins; Myocytes, Cardiac; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Piperidines; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Quinazolines; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Wistar

Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a suitable model for studies of the complications of hypertension. It is known that activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme (PARP) plays an important role in the development of postinfarction as well as long-term hypertension induced heart failure. In this study, we examined whether PARP-inhibitor (L-2286) treatment could prevent the development of hypertensive cardiopathy in SHRs. 6-week-old SHR animals were treated with L-2286 (SHR-L group) or placebo (SHR-C group) for 24 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as aged-matched, normotensive controls (WKY group). Echocardiography was performed, brain-derived natriuretic peptide (BNP) activity and blood pressure were determined at the end of the study. We detected the extent of fibrotic areas. The amount of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) and the phosphorylation state of Akt-1(Ser473), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β(Ser9), forkhead transcription factor (FKHR)(Ser256), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes were monitored. The elevated blood pressure in SHRs was not influenced by PARP-inhibitor treatment. Systolic left ventricular function and BNP activity did not differ among the three groups. L-2286 treatment decreased the marked left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy which was developed in SHRs. Interstitial collagen deposition was also decreased by L-2286 treatment. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2(Thr183-Tyr185), Akt-1(Ser473), GSK-3β(Ser9), FKHR(Ser256), and PKC ε(Ser729) and the level of Hsp90 were increased, while the activity of PKC α/βII(Thr638/641), ζ/λ(410/403) were mitigated by L-2286 administration. We could detect signs of LV hypertrophy without congestive heart failure in SHR groups. This alteration was prevented by PARP inhibition. Our results suggest that PARP-inhibitor treatment has protective effect already in the early stage of hypertensive myocardial remodeling.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Heart Failure; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Isoenzymes; Male; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphorylation; Piperidines; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Protein Kinase C; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Quinazolines; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Signal Transduction

Oxidative stress followed by abnormal signalling can play a critical role in the development of long-term, high blood pressure-induced cardiac remodelling in heart failure (HF). Since oxidative stress-induced poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) activation and cell death have been observed in several experimental models, we investigated the possibility that inhibition of nuclear PARP improves cardiac performance and delays transition from hypertensive cardiopathy to HF in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of HF.. SHRs were divided into two groups: one received no treatment (SHR-C) and the other (SHR-L) received 5 mg/kg/day L-2286 (PARP-inhibitor) orally for 46 weeks. A third group was a normotensive age-matched control group (CFY) and a fourth was a normotensive age-matched group receiving L-2286 treatment 5 mg/kg/day (CFY+L). At the beginning of the study, systolic function was similar in both CFY and SHR groups. In the SHR-C group at the end of the study, eccentric hypertrophy with poor left ventricular (LV) systolic function was observed, while PARP inhibitor treatment preserved systolic LV function. Due to these favourable changes, the survival rate of SHRs was significantly improved (P < 0.01) by the administration of the PARP inhibitor (L-2286). The PARP inhibitor used did not affect the elevated blood pressure of SHR rats, but moderated the level of plasma-BNP (P < 0.01) and favourably influenced all the measured gravimetric parameters (P < 0.05) and the extent of myocardial fibrosis (P < 0.05). The inhibition of PARP increased the phosporylation of Akt-1/GSK-3beta (P < 0.01), ERK 1/2 (P < 0.01), and PKC epsilon (P < 0.01), and decreased the phosphorylation of JNK (P < 0.05), p-38 MAPK (P < 0.01), PKC pan betaII and PKC zeta/lambda (P < 0.01), and PKC alpha/betaII and delta (P < 0.05).. These data demonstrate that chronic inhibition of PARP induces long-term favourable changes in the most important signalling pathways related to oxidative stress. PARP inhibition also prevents remodelling, preserves systolic function, and delays transition of hypertensive cardiopathy to HF in SHRs.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Fibrosis; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Heart Failure; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Isoenzymes; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Male; Myocardium; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Oxidative Stress; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Piperidines; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Protein Kinase C; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Quinazolines; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling