Page last updated: 2024-10-19

kynurenine and Psychoses

kynurenine has been researched along with Psychoses in 16 studies

Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.
kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In the last decade, there has been growing evidence that an interaction exists between inflammation and the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia."9.05Effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia - a systematic review. ( Elyamany, O; Mulert, C; Pedraz-Petrozzi, B; Rummel, C, 2020)
"Evidence, largely obtained from peripheral studies, suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway contribute to the aetiology of depression and disorders involving psychosis."8.12Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology. ( Brown, AM; Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA; Purves-Tyson, TD; Shannon Weickert, C, 2022)
"Although prone to residual confounding, the present results suggest the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, noradrenergic and purinergic system dysfunction as trait factors in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders."7.96Metabolic dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, noradrenergic and purine metabolism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. ( Agartz, I; Andreassen, OA; Bogdanov, M; Dieset, I; Djurovic, S; Hope, S; Jönsson, EG; Kaddurah-Daouk, R; Matson, W; Melle, I; Smeland, OB; Steen, NE; Vedal, TSJ, 2020)
"Abnormalities in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, leading to the dysfunction of neuroactive KP metabolites in the brain, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ)."7.88Influence of plasma cytokines on kynurenine and kynurenic acid in schizophrenia. ( Chiappelli, J; Hong, LE; Notarangelo, FM; Pocivavsek, A; Rowland, LM; Schwarcz, R; Thomas, MAR, 2018)
"Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disease burdened by cognitive deficits which hamper daily functioning causing disability and costs for society."7.01Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies. ( Bosia, M; Comai, S; Guillemin, GJ; Sapienza, J; Spangaro, M, 2023)
"In the last decade, there has been growing evidence that an interaction exists between inflammation and the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia."5.05Effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia - a systematic review. ( Elyamany, O; Mulert, C; Pedraz-Petrozzi, B; Rummel, C, 2020)
"Evidence, largely obtained from peripheral studies, suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway contribute to the aetiology of depression and disorders involving psychosis."4.12Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology. ( Brown, AM; Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA; Purves-Tyson, TD; Shannon Weickert, C, 2022)
"Risks of autoimmune processes causing schizophrenia are associated with several factors: an impaired functioning of dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the brain, kynurenine pathway disorder with overproduction of quinolinic, anthranilic, and kynurenic acids (possibly altering both neurons and T-regulators), increased intestinal permeability, as well as food antigens' effects, stress and infections with various pathogens at different stages of ontogenesis."4.02Autoimmune Concept of Schizophrenia: Historical Roots and Current Facets. ( Butoma, BG; Churilov, LP; Gilburd, B; Mayorova, MA; Petrova, NN; Shoenfeld, Y, 2021)
"Although prone to residual confounding, the present results suggest the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, noradrenergic and purinergic system dysfunction as trait factors in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders."3.96Metabolic dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, noradrenergic and purine metabolism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. ( Agartz, I; Andreassen, OA; Bogdanov, M; Dieset, I; Djurovic, S; Hope, S; Jönsson, EG; Kaddurah-Daouk, R; Matson, W; Melle, I; Smeland, OB; Steen, NE; Vedal, TSJ, 2020)
"Abnormalities in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, leading to the dysfunction of neuroactive KP metabolites in the brain, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ)."3.88Influence of plasma cytokines on kynurenine and kynurenic acid in schizophrenia. ( Chiappelli, J; Hong, LE; Notarangelo, FM; Pocivavsek, A; Rowland, LM; Schwarcz, R; Thomas, MAR, 2018)
" Depression is hypothesized to be causally associated with an imbalance in the kynurenine pathway, with an increased metabolism down the 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) branch of the pathway leading to increased levels of the neurotoxic metabolite, quinolinic acid (QA), which is a putative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist."3.85Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis. ( Bliss, SA; Dantzer, R; Drevets, WC; Ford, BN; McMillin, JR; Morris, HM; Savitz, JB; Suzuki, H; Teague, TK; Wurfel, BE, 2017)
"The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation may serve to integrate disparate abnormalities heretofore identified in research aiming to elucidate the complex aetiopathogenesis of psychotic disorders."3.75Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation. ( Barry, S; Clarke, G; Dinan, TG; Scully, P, 2009)
"Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disease burdened by cognitive deficits which hamper daily functioning causing disability and costs for society."3.01Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies. ( Bosia, M; Comai, S; Guillemin, GJ; Sapienza, J; Spangaro, M, 2023)
"Kynurenine was significantly lower in patients with PP and PD as compared to healthy postpartum women (p=0."1.43Tryptophan pathway alterations in the postpartum period and in acute postpartum psychosis and depression. ( Bergink, V; Burgerhout, KM; Drexhage, HA; Hoogendijk, WJ; Kushner, SA; Myint, AM; Schütze, G; Schwarz, MJ; Veen, C, 2016)

Research

Studies (16)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (6.25)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (6.25)29.6817
2010's9 (56.25)24.3611
2020's5 (31.25)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Brown, SJ1
Brown, AM1
Purves-Tyson, TD1
Huang, XF1
Shannon Weickert, C1
Newell, KA1
Sapienza, J3
Spangaro, M3
Guillemin, GJ3
Comai, S3
Bosia, M3
Pedraz-Petrozzi, B1
Elyamany, O1
Rummel, C1
Mulert, C1
Mayorova, MA1
Butoma, BG1
Churilov, LP1
Gilburd, B1
Petrova, NN1
Shoenfeld, Y1
Wurfel, BE1
Drevets, WC1
Bliss, SA1
McMillin, JR1
Suzuki, H1
Ford, BN1
Morris, HM1
Teague, TK1
Dantzer, R1
Savitz, JB1
Chiappelli, J1
Notarangelo, FM1
Pocivavsek, A1
Thomas, MAR1
Rowland, LM1
Schwarcz, R1
Hong, LE1
Li, C1
Wang, A1
Wang, C1
Ramamurthy, J1
Zhang, E1
Guadagno, E1
Trakadis, Y1
De Picker, L1
Ottoy, J1
Verhaeghe, J1
Deleye, S1
Wyffels, L1
Fransen, E1
Kosten, L1
Sabbe, B1
Coppens, V1
Timmers, M1
de Boer, P1
Van Nueten, L1
Op De Beeck, K1
Oberacher, H1
Vanhoenacker, F1
Ceyssens, S1
Stroobants, S1
Staelens, S1
Morrens, M1
Curto, M1
Lionetto, L1
Fazio, F1
Corigliano, V1
Comparelli, A1
Ferracuti, S1
Simmaco, M1
Nicoletti, F1
Baldessarini, RJ1
Steen, NE1
Dieset, I1
Hope, S1
Vedal, TSJ1
Smeland, OB1
Matson, W1
Kaddurah-Daouk, R2
Agartz, I1
Melle, I1
Djurovic, S1
Jönsson, EG1
Bogdanov, M1
Andreassen, OA1
Shilov, IuE1
Bezrukov, MV1
Veen, C1
Myint, AM1
Burgerhout, KM1
Schwarz, MJ1
Schütze, G1
Kushner, SA1
Hoogendijk, WJ1
Drexhage, HA1
Bergink, V1
Barry, S1
Clarke, G1
Scully, P1
Dinan, TG1
Müller, N1
Condray, R1
Dougherty, GG1
Keshavan, MS1
Reddy, RD1
Haas, GL1
Montrose, DM1
Matson, WR1
McEvoy, J1
Yao, JK1
HEELEY, AF1
ROBERTS, GE1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Novel Translational Biological Markers of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Relationship to Gastrointestinal Function, Cognition and Co-morbid Depression[NCT01304355]85 participants (Anticipated)Observational2011-01-31Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Siltuximab in Schizophrenia[NCT02796859]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-05-31Recruiting
An Open-Label Trial of Tocilizumab in Schizophrenia[NCT01696929]Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in Cognition

The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is the metric used to characterize cognition in this study. The BACS consists of 6 subscales: Verbal Memory (range 0-75), Working Memory (range 0-28), Motor Speed (range 0-100), Verbal Fluency (measure is total number of words generated in two 60 second trials), Attention and Processing speed (range 0-110), and Executive Function (range 0-22). For each subscale, higher scores reflect better cognition. For each subscale, a Standard Deviation Score was calculated based on normative data (Keefe et al. Norms and standardization of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Schizophrenia Research 102 (2008) 108-115). The BACS composite score is calculated as the average Standard Deviation Score of the 6 subscale scores. The change in BACS composite score was calculated as the BACS composite score at 8 weeks minus the BACS composite score at baseline. (NCT01696929)
Timeframe: Change in BACS composite score from baseline to 8 weeks

InterventionChange in BACS Composite Score (Mean)
Tocilizumab0.7

Change in Total Psychotic Symptoms

The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) is the metric used to characterize psychotic symptoms in this study. The PANSS consists of 30 items, each scored 1-7. The range for the PANSS total score is 30-210. There are 3 subscales - PANSS positive score (range 7-49), PANSS negative score (range 7-49), and PANSS general score (range 16-112). PANSS total score is the summation of these 3 subscales. Higher values for the total and subscale scores reflect more severe psychopathology. A positive change in PANSS total score reflects an increase in psychopathology. A negative change in PANSS total score reflects a decrease in psychopathology. (NCT01696929)
Timeframe: Change in PANSS total score from baseline to 8 weeks

InterventionChange in PANSS Total Score (Mean)
Tocilizumab-2.6

Reviews

5 reviews available for kynurenine and Psychoses

ArticleYear
Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023, Volume: 273, Issue:6

    Topics: Cognition; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Quality of Life; Schizophrenia

2023
Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023, Volume: 273, Issue:6

    Topics: Cognition; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Quality of Life; Schizophrenia

2023
Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023, Volume: 273, Issue:6

    Topics: Cognition; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Quality of Life; Schizophrenia

2023
Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2023, Volume: 273, Issue:6

    Topics: Cognition; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Quality of Life; Schizophrenia

2023
Effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia - a systematic review.
    Journal of neuroinflammation, 2020, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

2020
Metabolomics in patients with psychosis: A systematic review.
    American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 2018, Volume: 177, Issue:6

    Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid;

2018
[Kynurenines in pathogenesis of endogenous psychiatric disorders].
    Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk, 2013, Issue:1

    Topics: Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenine; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Tryptophan; Xan

2013
COX-2 inhibitors as antidepressants and antipsychotics: clinical evidence.
    Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000), 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Depres

2010
COX-2 inhibitors as antidepressants and antipsychotics: clinical evidence.
    Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000), 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Depres

2010
COX-2 inhibitors as antidepressants and antipsychotics: clinical evidence.
    Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000), 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Depres

2010
COX-2 inhibitors as antidepressants and antipsychotics: clinical evidence.
    Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000), 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Depres

2010

Trials

1 trial available for kynurenine and Psychoses

ArticleYear
3-Hydroxykynurenine and clinical symptoms in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia.
    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Chromatography, High Pressu

2011

Other Studies

10 other studies available for kynurenine and Psychoses

ArticleYear
Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology.
    Journal of psychiatric research, 2022, Volume: 147

    Topics: Astrocytes; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Di

2022
Autoimmune Concept of Schizophrenia: Historical Roots and Current Facets.
    Psychiatria Danubina, 2021,Spring, Volume: 33, Issue:1

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

2021
Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis.
    Translational psychiatry, 2017, 05-02, Volume: 7, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Bipolar Disorder; Corpus Striatum; Cytokines; Depression; Dep

2017
Influence of plasma cytokines on kynurenine and kynurenic acid in schizophrenia.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Psychot

2018
State-associated changes in longitudinal [
    Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Volume: 77

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Gray Matter; Hum

2019
Serum xanthurenic acid levels: Reduced in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis.
    Schizophrenia research, 2019, Volume: 208

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Ky

2019
Metabolic dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, noradrenergic and purine metabolism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
    Psychological medicine, 2020, Volume: 50, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathwa

2020
Tryptophan pathway alterations in the postpartum period and in acute postpartum psychosis and depression.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2016, Jan-01, Volume: 189

    Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine;

2016
Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Indo

2009
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN. A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
    Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1965, Volume: 7

    Topics: Amino Acids; Child; Humans; Hydrolases; Kynurenine; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Pyridoxin

1965