Page last updated: 2024-10-18

kynurenine and Epilepsy

kynurenine has been researched along with Epilepsy in 27 studies

Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.
kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.

Epilepsy: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"There was a statistically significant decrease of CSF kynurenic acid in patients with epileptic spasms compared to OND (p<0."8.12Decreased cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in epileptic spasms: A biomarker of response to corticosteroids. ( Antony, J; Ardern-Holmes, S; Bandodkar, S; Dale, RC; Gill, D; Guillemin, GJ; Guller, A; Gupta, S; Han, VX; Heng, B; Innes, EA; Jones, HF; Kothur, K; Menezes, MP; Mohammad, S; Patel, S; Pires, AS; Tantsis, E; Troedson, C; Tsang, E; Webster, R; Wienholt, L; Yan, J, 2022)
"Neurokynurenines (NK) possessing various neuroactivities, are involved in many abnormalities in stress, anxiety, depression, alcoholism, epilepsy, neurologic diseases."7.72Neurokynurenines--seizures or/and anxiety in children with epilepsy? ( Melnikova, NV, 2003)
"Seizure frequency was recorded using seizure diaries."6.79The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on tryptophan metabolites in children with intractable epilepsy. ( Aalbers, MW; Aldenkamp, AP; Kessels, AG; Klinkenberg, S; Leenen, L; Majoie, HJ; Rijkers, K; van den Borne, CJ; Verschuure, P; Vles, JS, 2014)
"The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main path for tryptophan metabolism, and it represents a multitude of potential sites for drug discovery in neuroscience, including pain, stroke, and epilepsy."5.41Phase 1 study to access safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of kynurenine in healthy volunteers. ( Abou-Kassem, D; Al-Karagholi, MA; Ashina, M; Bergquist, J; Hansen, JM; Hansted, AK; Jansen-Olesen, I; Ubhayasekera, K; Vécsei, L, 2021)
" In both groups, they measure tryptophan metabolites before and after L-tryptophan overload, the dosage being 100/mg/kg of body weight."5.27[Tryptophan metabolism in children with epilepsy]. ( Bayés García, R; del Castillo, ML; Maldonado Lozano, J; Molina Font, JA; Narbona López, E; Núñez del Carril, J; Robles Vizcaíno, C, 1984)
"The kynurenine blood level was found to correlate with seizures."5.27[Elevated kynurenine concentration in the blood serum of children with epilepsy and bronchial asthma]. ( Buzdin, VV; Ivanova, NA; Nikitina, ZS; Ryzhov, IV, 1988)
"There was a statistically significant decrease of CSF kynurenic acid in patients with epileptic spasms compared to OND (p<0."4.12Decreased cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in epileptic spasms: A biomarker of response to corticosteroids. ( Antony, J; Ardern-Holmes, S; Bandodkar, S; Dale, RC; Gill, D; Guillemin, GJ; Guller, A; Gupta, S; Han, VX; Heng, B; Innes, EA; Jones, HF; Kothur, K; Menezes, MP; Mohammad, S; Patel, S; Pires, AS; Tantsis, E; Troedson, C; Tsang, E; Webster, R; Wienholt, L; Yan, J, 2022)
"Neurokynurenines (NK) possessing various neuroactivities, are involved in many abnormalities in stress, anxiety, depression, alcoholism, epilepsy, neurologic diseases."3.72Neurokynurenines--seizures or/and anxiety in children with epilepsy? ( Melnikova, NV, 2003)
"The role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine (K) in the mechanisms of the development of epileptic seizures in alcoholic persons was studied on a clinical material of 63 patients suffering from alcoholism with the presence on the EEG of paroxysmal alterations without epileptic fits (n = 28) and alcoholic epilepsy (n = 35), epileptic patients not abusing alcohol (n = 20), and practically healthy subjects (n = 10)."3.68[Pathogenic role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine in the mechanisms of development of epileptic attacks in alcoholics]. ( Eryshev, OF; Gromov, SA; Kartasheva, EV; Ryzhov, IV, 1991)
"Seizure frequency was recorded using seizure diaries."2.79The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on tryptophan metabolites in children with intractable epilepsy. ( Aalbers, MW; Aldenkamp, AP; Kessels, AG; Klinkenberg, S; Leenen, L; Majoie, HJ; Rijkers, K; van den Borne, CJ; Verschuure, P; Vles, JS, 2014)
"The 18 patients had either West syndrome (12 patients) or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (6 patients), which was intractable to antiepileptic drug therapy and to adrenocorticotrophic hormone."1.29Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in treatment of intractable epilepsy: neurochemical analysis of CSF monoamine metabolites. ( Kawase, S; Matsuo, S; Mitsufuji, N; Nishimura, A; Sawada, T; Takeuchi, Y; Tominaga, M; Yamazoe, I, 1995)
"The 5-hydroxytryptophan content was much higher in both El groups."1.28Regional distribution of tyrosine, tryptophan, and their metabolites in the brain of epileptic El mice. ( Mori, A; Suzuki, S, 1992)
" In both groups, they measure tryptophan metabolites before and after L-tryptophan overload, the dosage being 100/mg/kg of body weight."1.27[Tryptophan metabolism in children with epilepsy]. ( Bayés García, R; del Castillo, ML; Maldonado Lozano, J; Molina Font, JA; Narbona López, E; Núñez del Carril, J; Robles Vizcaíno, C, 1984)
"The kynurenine blood level was found to correlate with seizures."1.27[Elevated kynurenine concentration in the blood serum of children with epilepsy and bronchial asthma]. ( Buzdin, VV; Ivanova, NA; Nikitina, ZS; Ryzhov, IV, 1988)

Research

Studies (27)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199010 (37.04)18.7374
1990's7 (25.93)18.2507
2000's6 (22.22)29.6817
2010's2 (7.41)24.3611
2020's2 (7.41)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Yan, J1
Kothur, K1
Innes, EA1
Han, VX1
Jones, HF1
Patel, S1
Tsang, E1
Webster, R1
Gupta, S1
Troedson, C1
Menezes, MP1
Antony, J1
Ardern-Holmes, S1
Tantsis, E1
Mohammad, S1
Wienholt, L1
Pires, AS1
Heng, B1
Guillemin, GJ1
Guller, A1
Gill, D1
Bandodkar, S1
Dale, RC1
Al-Karagholi, MA1
Hansen, JM1
Abou-Kassem, D1
Hansted, AK1
Ubhayasekera, K1
Bergquist, J1
Vécsei, L2
Jansen-Olesen, I1
Ashina, M1
Klinkenberg, S1
van den Borne, CJ1
Aalbers, MW1
Verschuure, P1
Kessels, AG1
Leenen, L1
Rijkers, K1
Aldenkamp, AP1
Vles, JS1
Majoie, HJ1
Vamos, E1
Pardutz, A1
Klivenyi, P1
Toldi, J1
Chugani, DC2
Melnikova, NV1
Rho, JM1
Young, SN1
Joseph, MH1
Gauthier, S1
Narbona López, E1
Maldonado Lozano, J1
del Castillo, ML1
Bayés García, R1
Robles Vizcaíno, C1
Núñez del Carril, J1
Molina Font, JA1
Takeuchi, Y3
Tominaga, M1
Mitsufuji, N1
Yamazoe, I1
Kawase, S1
Nishimura, A1
Matsuo, S1
Sawada, T2
Du, F1
Williamson, J1
Bertram, E1
Lothman, E1
Okuno, E1
Schwarcz, R1
Scharfman, HE1
Ofer, A1
Muñóz-Hoyos, A1
Molina-Carballo, A1
Rodríguez-Cabezas, T1
Uberos-Fernández, J1
Ruiz-Cosano, C1
Acuña-Castroviejo, D1
Matsushita, H1
Kawano, H1
Sakai, H1
Yoshimoto, K1
Stone, TW1
Takano, T1
Abe, J1
Takikita, S1
Ohno, M1
Grimm, U1
Knapp, A1
Schmitz, W1
Smetan, M1
Schmitz, KW1
Reddemann, H1
Schulz, M1
Schlenzka, K1
Suzuki, S1
Mori, A1
Gromov, SA1
Eryshev, OF1
Kartasheva, EV1
Ryzhov, IV2
Guilarte, TR1
Wagner, HN1
Ivanova, NA1
Buzdin, VV1
Nikitina, ZS1
Raine, DN1
Hansson, O4

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Prednisolone vs. Vigabatrin in the First-line Treatment of Infantile Spasms[NCT02299115]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-05Withdrawn (stopped due to Most centres are now using oral steroids as 1st line treatment so question of efficacy is no longer of high interest.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

6 reviews available for kynurenine and Epilepsy

ArticleYear
The role of kynurenines in disorders of the central nervous system: possibilities for neuroprotection.
    Journal of the neurological sciences, 2009, Aug-15, Volume: 283, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Epilepsy; Humans; Huntington Dise

2009
α-methyl-L-tryptophan: mechanisms for tracer localization of epileptogenic brain regions.
    Biomarkers in medicine, 2011, Volume: 5, Issue:5

    Topics: Biomarkers; Brain; Epilepsy; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kinetics; Kynurenine; Pos

2011
Basic science behind the catastrophic epilepsies.
    Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45 Suppl 5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Epilepsies

2004
Serotonin in autism and pediatric epilepsies.
    Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Brain; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Kynurenine; Magn

2004
Kynurenic acid antagonists and kynurenine pathway inhibitors.
    Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2001, Volume: 10, Issue:4

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Neu

2001
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: role in the treatment of West syndrome and related epileptic encephalopathies.
    Brain & development, 2001, Volume: 23, Issue:7

    Topics: Child; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Kynurenine; Spasms, Infantile; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

2001

Trials

2 trials available for kynurenine and Epilepsy

ArticleYear
Phase 1 study to access safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of kynurenine in healthy volunteers.
    Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2021, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response

2021
The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on tryptophan metabolites in children with intractable epilepsy.
    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2014, Volume: 37

    Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Biotransformation; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Drug Resistance

2014

Other Studies

19 other studies available for kynurenine and Epilepsy

ArticleYear
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in epileptic spasms: A biomarker of response to corticosteroids.
    EBioMedicine, 2022, Volume: 84

    Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Epi

2022
Neurokynurenines--seizures or/and anxiety in children with epilepsy?
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2003, Volume: 527

    Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Kynurenine; Seizures; Xanthurenates

2003
Studies on kynurenine in human cerebrospinal fluid: lowered levels in epilepsy.
    Journal of neural transmission, 1983, Volume: 58, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Hy

1983
[Tryptophan metabolism in children with epilepsy].
    Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1984, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Kynurenine; Male; Pyridoxine;

1984
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in treatment of intractable epilepsy: neurochemical analysis of CSF monoamine metabolites.
    Pediatric neurology, 1995, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydrox

1995
Kynurenine pathway enzymes in a rat model of chronic epilepsy: immunohistochemical study of activated glial cells.
    Neuroscience, 1993, Volume: 55, Issue:4

    Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Death; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Dis

1993
Pretreatment with L-kynurenine, the precursor to the excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid, suppresses epileptiform activity in combined entorhinal/hippocampal slices.
    Neuroscience letters, 1997, Mar-14, Volume: 224, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Buffers; Electrophysiology; Entorhinal Cortex; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino

1997
Relationships between methoxyindole and kynurenine pathway metabolites in plasma and urine in children suffering from febrile and epileptic seizures.
    Clinical endocrinology, 1997, Volume: 47, Issue:6

    Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Circadian Rhythm; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infa

1997
TRH increases cerebrospinal fluid concentration of kynurenine.
    Neuroreport, 1999, Nov-26, Volume: 10, Issue:17

    Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant;

1999
[Tryptophan metabolism and oligophrenia (author's transl)].
    Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete, 1978, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Down Syndrome; Epilepsy; Hartnup Disease; Humans; Intellectual

1978
Regional distribution of tyrosine, tryptophan, and their metabolites in the brain of epileptic El mice.
    Neurochemical research, 1992, Volume: 17, Issue:7

    Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine

1992
[Pathogenic role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine in the mechanisms of development of epileptic attacks in alcoholics].
    Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1991, Volume: 91, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Ma

1991
3-Hydroxykynurenine as a possible mechanism of epileptic seizures associated with neonatal vitamin B6 deficiency.
    Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1986, Volume: 99

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Epilepsy; Female; Kynurenine; Pregnancy; Rats; Synaptic Transmissi

1986
[Elevated kynurenine concentration in the blood serum of children with epilepsy and bronchial asthma].
    Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1988, Volume: 88, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kynurenine;

1988
Effect of treatment on tryptophan metabolism in childhood epilepsy.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1969, Sep-30, Volume: 166, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Child,

1969
Tryptophan loading and pyridoxine treatment in children with epilepsy.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1969, Sep-30, Volume: 166, Issue:1

    Topics: Child; Epilepsy; Humans; Kynurenine; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Xanthurenates

1969
Tryptophan load test and pyridoxine treatment in epileptic children.
    Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1967, Volume: 43, Issue:S31

    Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Hydrolases; Kinetics; Kynurenine; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pyridoxine; Tryptophan; Vi

1967
Kinetics of urinary excretion of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid after tryptophan loading in man.
    Acta Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis, 1968, Volume: 73, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hydrolases; Kynureni

1968
Tryptophan load tests in children with epilepsy.
    Acta Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis, 1968, Volume: 73, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Ma

1968