kynurenine has been researched along with Depression in 198 studies
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.
kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.
Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Depression could result from changes in tryptophan availability caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway as a result of inflammation." | 9.14 | Kynurenine metabolites and inflammation markers in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or counselling. ( Bridel, MA; Christofides, J; Cowlard, R; Darlington, LG; Forrest, CM; Mackay, GM; Mitchell, S; Stone, TW, 2009) |
| "Tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes." | 9.12 | Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. ( Coppens, V; De Picker, L; Giltay, EJ; Hebbrecht, K; Morrens, M; Skorobogatov, K, 2021) |
| " A series of metabolites of the pathway are neurologically active, among which kynerunic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are molecules of great interest in recent studies on the mechanisms of inflammation-induced depression." | 9.12 | Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bao, CH; Chen, LM; Huang, Y; Liang, SH; Liu, HR; Wang, D; Wu, HG; Wu, LY; Wu, Y, 2021) |
| "There is now some evidence that i) the availability of plasma tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, is significantly lower in pregnant women at the end of term and the first few days after delivery than in nonpregnant women; and ii) both pregnancy and the early puerperium are accompanied by activation of the inflammatory response system." | 9.10 | Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation. ( Bonaccorso, S; Bosmans, E; Maes, M; Ombelet, W; Scharpé, S; Verkerk, R, 2002) |
| "Twenty-six patients with malignant melanoma were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive either placebo or paroxetine, beginning 2 weeks before IFN-alpha treatment and continuing for the first 12 weeks of IFN-alpha therapy." | 9.10 | Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. ( Capuron, L; Fuchs, D; Lawson, DH; Miller, AH; Musselman, DL; Nemeroff, CB; Neurauter, G, 2003) |
| "Dysregulated kynurenine (KYN) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression." | 9.05 | Effect of immune activation on the kynurenine pathway and depression symptoms - A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cuellar Leal, VA; Dantzer, R; de Dios, C; Hunt, C; Macedo E Cordeiro, T; Selvaraj, S; Soares, JC; Suchting, R; Teixeira, AL, 2020) |
| " In particular, the activation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation due to inflammation may play a key role in the development and persistence of both diseases." | 9.01 | Inflammation in cancer and depression: a starring role for the kynurenine pathway. ( Mondelli, V; Nettis, MA; Pariante, CM; Sforzini, L, 2019) |
| "Abnormalities of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression." | 8.98 | Kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Graff-Guerrero, A; Iwata, Y; Kubo, K; Mimura, M; Miyazaki, T; Moriguchi, S; Nakajima, S; Noda, Y; Ogyu, K; Omura, Y; Plitman, E; Tarumi, R; Tsugawa, S; Uchida, H; Wada, M, 2018) |
| "The aim of this paper is to elucidate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as the tryptophan catabolites pathway in the development of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, based on the available literature." | 8.95 | Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as Well as the Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in Depressive Disorders. ( Czarny, P; Galecki, P; Sliwinski, T; Wigner, P, 2017) |
| " IP Lapin (1903 - 2012) and his research team on the role of methoxyindole and kynurenine (KYN) pathways of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the pathogenesis of depression and action mechanisms of antidepressant effect." | 8.89 | Serotonin-kynurenine hypothesis of depression: historical overview and recent developments. ( Oxenkrug, G, 2013) |
| "Depression can originate from changes in tryptophan availability, caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) as a result of inflammation." | 8.88 | Kynurenines in cognitive functions: their possible role in depression. ( Majlath, Z; Plangar, I; Vecsei, L, 2012) |
| "Alteration of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism elicited by proinflammatory cytokines has gained attention as a new concept to explain the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression." | 8.84 | A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. ( Isobe, K; Miura, H; Nagatsu, T; Ohta, T; Ozaki, N; Sawada, M, 2008) |
| "Kynurenine (KYN) accumulation in periphery induces brain injury, responsible for depression." | 8.31 | Alpha-Asarone modulates kynurenine disposal in muscle and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression via PGC-1α induction. ( Liu, BL; Liu, CH; Qian, YY; Song, PP; Wei, M; Xu, L; Yan, L, 2023) |
| "Rifaximin improves depression-like behaviour in CUMS rats by influencing the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism." | 8.31 | Rifaximin ameliorates depression-like behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats by regulating intestinal microbiota and hippocampal tryptophan metabolism. ( Cheng, S; Ho, CSH; Ho, RCM; Jiang, Z; Li, H; Liu, D; Pan, F; Wang, W; Zhu, Z, 2023) |
| "Manipulation of intake of serotonin precursor tryptophan has been exploited to rapidly induce and alleviate depression symptoms." | 8.31 | Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids. ( Antal, P; Bagdy, G; Bolgar, B; Bruncsics, B; Burden, ST; Deakin, B; Eszlari, N; Gecse, K; Gonda, X; Hullam, G; Jones, DJ; Juhasz, G; Millinghoffer, A; Petschner, P, 2023) |
| "Here, we found the gut microbiota from healthy adolescent volunteers, first diagnosis patients of adolescent depression, and sertraline interveners after first diagnosis displayed significant difference, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Collinsella, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae-unclassified decreased in adolescent depressive patients, while restored after sertraline treatment." | 8.31 | Microbiome and tryptophan metabolomics analysis in adolescent depression: roles of the gut microbiota in the regulation of tryptophan-derived neurotransmitters and behaviors in human and mice. ( Fan, Y; Gao, R; Liu, W; Wang, J; Wang, S; Wu, L; Xu, H; Xu, L; Yao, H; Yu, J; Yu, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhou, M, 2023) |
| "Evidence, largely obtained from peripheral studies, suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway contribute to the aetiology of depression and disorders involving psychosis." | 8.12 | Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology. ( Brown, AM; Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA; Purves-Tyson, TD; Shannon Weickert, C, 2022) |
| "Kynurenine pathway, a neuroimmunological pathway plays a substantial role in depression." | 8.12 | Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies. ( Bansal, Y; Bishnoi, M; Dhingra, N; Dhingra, R; Khare, P; Kondepudi, KK; Kuhad, A; Singh, R; Sodhi, RK, 2022) |
| "Higher estimated tryptophan intake was cross-sectionally independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japanese women." | 8.12 | Tryptophan intake is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. ( Arakawa, M; Miyake, Y; Okubo, H; Sasaki, S; Tanaka, K, 2022) |
| "The kynurenine pathway (KP) and inflammation are substantial in depression pathogenesis." | 8.12 | A kynurenine pathway enzyme aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase may be involved in treatment-resistant depression, and baseline inflammation status of patients predicts treatment response: a pilot study. ( Aslan, S; Bolu, A; Bozkurt, A; Bukan, N; Cevik, C; Cicek, S; Ekmekci Ertek, I; Karadag, RF; Kocak, C; Sen, B; Ucar, H; Yilmaz, NS, 2022) |
| "Inflammation and glutamate (GLU) are widely thought to participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and current evidence suggests that the development of depression is associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP)." | 8.12 | Involvement of kynurenine pathway between inflammation and glutamate in the underlying etiopathology of CUMS-induced depression mouse model. ( Chen, B; Di, Z; Guo, Q; Hu, R; Jiang, S; Liu, J; Ma, R; Shi, M; Song, Z; Sun, S; Wu, X; Xu, H, 2022) |
| "The results from this study suggest that alterations in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism are associated with the presence of depression in the context of HIV infection." | 8.02 | Alterations in the Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Are Associated With Depression in People Living With HIV. ( Drivsholm, N; Faurholt-Jepsen, M; Gelpi, M; Kirkegaard-Klitbo, DM; Knudsen, AD; Midttun, Ø; Nielsen, SD; Trøseid, M; Ueland, PM, 2021) |
| "Exercise prevents depression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-mediated activation of a particular branch of the kynurenine pathway." | 8.02 | Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle. ( Cai, X; Deng, B; Du, X; Fang, C; Hayashi, S; Ishido, S; Sheng, J; Tsutsui, H; Zheng, H, 2021) |
| "Tryptophan catabolites ("TRYCATs") produced by the kynurenine pathway (KP) may play a role in depression pathophysiology." | 8.02 | The association between plasma tryptophan catabolites and depression: The role of symptom profiles and inflammation. ( Allers, KA; Beekman, ATF; Giltay, EJ; Keller, S; Milaneschi, Y; Niessen, HG; Penninx, BWJH; Schoevers, RA; Süssmuth, SD, 2021) |
| " Lacosamide (LCM) is used to treat patients with seizures, but the underlying pathways associating the seizures and comorbid depression are still unknown." | 8.02 | Effect of lacosamide on neuroinflammation-mediated seizures comorbid with depression in C57BL/6 mice- Role of kynurenine pathway. ( Agarwal, S; Nirwan, N; Vohora, D; Vyas, P, 2021) |
| "Mania and chronic depressive symptoms in BD are accompanied by a strong interaction between inflammation and a potentially neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism." | 7.96 | A mood state-specific interaction between kynurenine metabolism and inflammation is present in bipolar disorder. ( Coppens, V; de Boer, P; Fransen, E; Lai, FY; Morrens, M; Sabbe, B; Schuermans, J; Timmers, M; van den Ameele, S; van Diermen, L; van Nuijs, AL; Verkerk, R, 2020) |
| "Kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites are believed to be a link between inflammation and depression through effects on brain glutamate receptors." | 7.96 | Associations among peripheral and central kynurenine pathway metabolites and inflammation in depression. ( Baer, W; Felger, JC; Goldsmith, DR; Haroon, E; Miller, AH; Patel, T; Welle, JR; Woolwine, BJ, 2020) |
| "Increased kynurenine (Kyn) metabolized from tryptophan (Try) is a biomarker in the immune dysfunction of depression." | 7.96 | Kynurenine regulates NLRP2 inflammasome in astrocytes and its implications in depression. ( Ding, J; He, Z; Hu, G; Li, X; Lu, M; Sun, Y; Xu, Y; Zhang, Q, 2020) |
| "To investigate if there is a correlation between serum kynurenines levels with poststroke anxiety and depression symptoms and disability scales." | 7.96 | Serum Kynurenines Correlate With Depressive Symptoms and Disability in Poststroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. ( Barajas-Martínez, K; Carrillo-Mora, P; Estrada-Cortés, B; Franyutti-Prado, K; Gamboa-Coria, G; Martínez-Cortéz, JA; Pérez-De la Cruz, V; Quinzaños-Fresnedo, J; Ramírez-Ortega, D; Ramos-Chávez, LA; Rangel-Caballero, F; Rodríguez-Barragán, M; Sánchez-Chapul, L; Sánchez-Vázquez, I; Toussaint-González, P, 2020) |
| "The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of depression is well-documented, while the involvement of other tryptophan (TRP) metabolites generated in the kynurenine pathway is less known." | 7.96 | Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders. ( Blasiak, J; Chojnacki, C; Chojnacki, J; Fila, M; Konrad, P; Popławski, T, 2020) |
| " Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has attracted considerable attention due to its influence on the onset of depression via induction of inflammation." | 7.91 | Changes in tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum periods: Potential involvement in postpartum depressive symptoms. ( Kubo, H; Morikawa, M; Mouri, A; Nabeshima, T; Nakamura, Y; Okada, T; Ozaki, N; Saito, K; Shiino, T; Teshigawara, T; Yamamoto, Y, 2019) |
| "In both cohorts, inflammation as measured by higher levels of CRP, sVCAM1 and sICAM1 was associated with kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and thus enhanced tryptophan breakdown (beta: 0." | 7.88 | Psychosocial stress and inflammation driving tryptophan breakdown in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts. ( Carvalho, LA; Clarke, G; Díaz, LE; Gómez-Martínez, S; Marcos, A; Michels, N; Olavarria-Ramirez, L; Widhalm, K, 2018) |
| "We evaluated 101 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with PEG-IFN-α2a, and 40 controls, so as to determine the activation of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan (TRP) and their metabolites' concentrations/levels: kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and anthranilic acid (AA)." | 7.88 | Alterations in the metabolism of tryptophan in patients with chronic hepatitis C six months after pegylated interferon-α 2a treatment. ( Inglot, M; Laskus, T; Malyszczak, K; Pawlak, D; Pawlowski, T; Radkowski, M; Zalewska, M, 2018) |
| "Kynurenines, the major degradative products of the essential amino acid tryptophan, may play critical roles in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders." | 7.88 | Exercise Your Kynurenines to Fight Depression. ( Notarangelo, FM; Pocivavsek, A; Schwarcz, R, 2018) |
| "Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects on treatment-resistant depression, but the biological mechanism underpinning this effect is less clear." | 7.88 | Antidepressant effect of repeated ketamine administration on kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. ( Chen, L; Li, H; Li, M; Liu, W; Ning, Y; Wang, C; Zhan, Y; Zheng, W; Zhou, Y, 2018) |
| " Tryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites may play a prominent role in neural pathways related to sleep, fatigue, and depression." | 7.85 | Tryptophan and Kynurenine Levels and Its Association With Sleep, Nonphysical Fatigue, and Depression in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. ( Brown, J; Finkelstein, FO; Garimella, PS; Handelman, GJ; Ikizler, A; Ix, JH; Kooman, J; Kotanko, P; Levin, NW; Malhotra, R; Persic, V; Rosales, L; Tao, X; Thijssen, S; Unruh, ML; Zhang, W, 2017) |
| "These data support the hypothesis that altered kynurenine metabolism may molecularly link sleep disturbance and depression." | 7.85 | Sleep disturbance and kynurenine metabolism in depression. ( Cho, HJ; Dantzer, R; Drevets, WC; Irwin, MR; Savitz, J; Teague, TK, 2017) |
| "The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism has an important role in mediating the behavioral effects of inflammation, which has implications in understanding neuropsychiatric comorbidity and for the development of novel therapies." | 7.83 | Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation. ( Gao, X; Morales, J; O'Connor, JC; Parrott, JM; Redus, L; Santana-Coelho, D, 2016) |
| " We fitted random-effects regression models to estimate the associations between plasma tryptophan, plasma kynurenine, dietary diversity, and self-reported depression symptom severity." | 7.80 | Reversal of the Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism may improve depression in ART-treated HIV-infected Ugandans. ( Bangsberg, DR; Haberer, JE; Huang, Y; Hunt, PW; Kembabazi, A; Martin, JN; Martinez, P; Muzoora, C; Tsai, AC; Weiser, SD, 2014) |
| "Sub-chronic tryptophan depletion (SCTD) is proposed as an animal model for depression." | 7.78 | Sub-chronic dietary tryptophan depletion--an animal model of depression with improved face and good construct validity. ( Bermudez, I; Franklin, M; Gaburro, S; Murck, H; Singewald, N, 2012) |
| "The currently recommended therapy for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN alpha) and ribavirin." | 7.77 | Effects of PEG-interferon alpha plus ribavirin on tryptophan metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis C. ( Bernardinello, E; Bertazzo, A; Cavalletto, L; Chemello, L; Comai, S; Costa, CV; Ragazzi, E, 2011) |
| " We tested the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with atherosclerosis only when combined with other risk factors, such as inflammation indicated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation." | 7.77 | Moderating effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation in the association between depressive symptoms and carotid atherosclerosis: evidence from the Young Finns study. ( Elovainio, M; Hintsa, T; Hintsanen, M; Hurme, M; Jokela, M; Keltikangas-Järvinen, L; Kivimäki, M; Lehtimäki, T; Pulkki-Råback, L; Raitakari, OT; Viikari, J, 2011) |
| "Psychiatric patients suffering from endogenous depression and a control group without endogenous depression were given oral loads of L-tryptophan and urinary excretion determined of the tryptophan metabolites on the pyrrolase pathway: kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid." | 7.65 | Tryptophan metabolism in depression. ( Bridges, PK; Curzon, G, 1970) |
| "Although depression is categorized as a brain disorder, its symptomatology includes some behaviors that also occur during chronic inflammatory stress." | 7.01 | The Interrelation between Oxidative Stress, Depression and Inflammation through the Kynurenine Pathway. ( Aydin, A; Mat, AF; Ozhan, Y; Sipahi, H, 2023) |
| "Inflammation has an important physiological influence on mood and behavior." | 6.90 | Kynurenine metabolism and inflammation-induced depressed mood: A human experimental study. ( Cho, JH; Eisenberger, NI; Faull, K; Hwang, L; Irwin, MR; Kruse, JL; Olmstead, R, 2019) |
| "Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia, lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances." | 6.82 | Tryptophan Metabolism in Depression: A Narrative Review with a Focus on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. ( Correia, AS; Vale, N, 2022) |
| "Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder, occurring in up to 20 % of the population." | 6.72 | The kynurenine pathway in major depression: What we know and where to next. ( Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA, 2021) |
| "Many patients with cancer suffer from anemia, depression, and an impaired quality of life (QoL)." | 6.66 | Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer. ( Egger, EM; Fuchs, D; Kink, P; Kurz, K; Lanser, L; Weiss, G; Willenbacher, W, 2020) |
| "Since chronic painful conditions and depression have common pathophysiological patterns, and the kynurenine signaling pathway is involved in both of them, future clinical studies should aim to have outcomes targeting not only pain, but also functionality, mood changes, and quality of life." | 6.66 | The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents. ( Candido, KD; Jovanovic, F; Knezevic, NN, 2020) |
| "Considerable data relate major depressive disorder (MDD) with aberrant immune system functioning." | 5.72 | Peripheral and central kynurenine pathway abnormalities in major depression. ( Asratian, A; Boda, S; Dantzer, R; Erhardt, S; Hamilton, JP; Heilig, M; Holm, L; Kämpe, R; Paul, ER; Samuelsson, M; Schwieler, L; Trepci, A; Yngve, A, 2022) |
| "Depression is a wide-spread disease that affects millions of people worldwide." | 5.56 | Physical exercise prevents mice from L-Kynurenine-induced depression-like behavior. ( Chuang, HC; Hong, CJ; Su, CH, 2020) |
| "Chronic, low-level inflammation is associated with symptomatic bipolar disorder (BD) and with chronic insomnia." | 5.48 | Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder. ( Can, A; Fuchs, D; Groer, M; Krishnamurthy, VB; Millett, CE; Mukherjee, D; Postolache, TT; Reider, A; Saunders, EFH, 2018) |
| "Depression is a highly prevalent and severely disabling condition globally." | 5.42 | Kynurenine pathway (KP) inhibitors: Novel agents for the management of depression. ( Bhad, R; Hazari, N, 2015) |
| "During IFN-α treatment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores rise significantly." | 5.42 | Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis. ( Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, O; Baranyi, A; Breitenecker, RJ; Meinitzer, A; Rothenhäusler, HB; Stauber, R, 2015) |
| " These findings indicate that stroke patients with PSF have a lower bioavailability of TRP for 5-HT synthesis in the brain in the acute stroke phase." | 5.40 | Activation of the kynurenine pathway in the acute phase of stroke and its role in fatigue and depression following stroke. ( Amthor, KF; Ormstad, H; Sandvik, L; Verkerk, R, 2014) |
| "Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of people worldwide." | 5.40 | Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. ( Agudelo, LZ; Barres, R; Bhat, M; Correia, JC; Erhardt, S; Femenía, T; Ferreira, DMS; Goiny, M; Izadi, M; Krook, A; Lindskog, M; Martinez-Redondo, V; Orhan, F; Pettersson, AT; Porsmyr-Palmertz, M; Ruas, JL; Schuppe-Koistinen, I; Zierath, JR, 2014) |
| " Additionally, the effects of chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the anti-TNF-α pentoxyphylline were investigated." | 5.40 | Lipopolysaccharide repeated challenge followed by chronic mild stress protocol introduces a combined model of depression in rats: reversibility by imipramine and pentoxifylline. ( Abd-Alkhalek, HA; Abdel-tawab, AM; Aboul-Fotouh, S; El Tabbal, M; Elgarf, AS; Farrag, KA; Hammouda, GA; Hassan, AN; Kassim, SK, 2014) |
| " Depression could result from changes in tryptophan availability caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway as a result of inflammation." | 5.14 | Kynurenine metabolites and inflammation markers in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or counselling. ( Bridel, MA; Christofides, J; Cowlard, R; Darlington, LG; Forrest, CM; Mackay, GM; Mitchell, S; Stone, TW, 2009) |
| " In this review, we highlight these pathways as sources of serotonin and melatonin, which then regulate neurotransmission, influence circadian rhythm, cognitive functions, and the development of delirium." | 5.12 | Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill. ( Kanova, M; Kohout, P, 2021) |
| "Tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes." | 5.12 | Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. ( Coppens, V; De Picker, L; Giltay, EJ; Hebbrecht, K; Morrens, M; Skorobogatov, K, 2021) |
| " A series of metabolites of the pathway are neurologically active, among which kynerunic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are molecules of great interest in recent studies on the mechanisms of inflammation-induced depression." | 5.12 | Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bao, CH; Chen, LM; Huang, Y; Liang, SH; Liu, HR; Wang, D; Wu, HG; Wu, LY; Wu, Y, 2021) |
| "There is now some evidence that i) the availability of plasma tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, is significantly lower in pregnant women at the end of term and the first few days after delivery than in nonpregnant women; and ii) both pregnancy and the early puerperium are accompanied by activation of the inflammatory response system." | 5.10 | Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation. ( Bonaccorso, S; Bosmans, E; Maes, M; Ombelet, W; Scharpé, S; Verkerk, R, 2002) |
| "Twenty-six patients with malignant melanoma were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive either placebo or paroxetine, beginning 2 weeks before IFN-alpha treatment and continuing for the first 12 weeks of IFN-alpha therapy." | 5.10 | Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. ( Capuron, L; Fuchs, D; Lawson, DH; Miller, AH; Musselman, DL; Nemeroff, CB; Neurauter, G, 2003) |
| "Dysregulated kynurenine (KYN) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression." | 5.05 | Effect of immune activation on the kynurenine pathway and depression symptoms - A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cuellar Leal, VA; Dantzer, R; de Dios, C; Hunt, C; Macedo E Cordeiro, T; Selvaraj, S; Soares, JC; Suchting, R; Teixeira, AL, 2020) |
| " Recent research suggests that gut inflammation can induce neuroinflammation which, in turn, stimulates microglia activation and the kynurenine pathway and can activate systemic inflammation-inducing depressive symptoms." | 5.01 | Microbiome and Mental Health, Specifically as It Relates to Adolescents. ( Simkin, DR, 2019) |
| " In particular, the activation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation due to inflammation may play a key role in the development and persistence of both diseases." | 5.01 | Inflammation in cancer and depression: a starring role for the kynurenine pathway. ( Mondelli, V; Nettis, MA; Pariante, CM; Sforzini, L, 2019) |
| "Abnormalities of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression." | 4.98 | Kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Graff-Guerrero, A; Iwata, Y; Kubo, K; Mimura, M; Miyazaki, T; Moriguchi, S; Nakajima, S; Noda, Y; Ogyu, K; Omura, Y; Plitman, E; Tarumi, R; Tsugawa, S; Uchida, H; Wada, M, 2018) |
| "Inflammation is not the only cause of depression and cannot explain its entire pathophysiology, but it is an important pathogenic factor that explains one possible mechanism of depression, with the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan at its center." | 4.95 | Inflammation-induced depression: Its pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. ( Jeon, SW; Kim, YK, 2017) |
| "The aim of this paper is to elucidate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as the tryptophan catabolites pathway in the development of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, based on the available literature." | 4.95 | Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as Well as the Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in Depressive Disorders. ( Czarny, P; Galecki, P; Sliwinski, T; Wigner, P, 2017) |
| " IP Lapin (1903 - 2012) and his research team on the role of methoxyindole and kynurenine (KYN) pathways of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the pathogenesis of depression and action mechanisms of antidepressant effect." | 4.89 | Serotonin-kynurenine hypothesis of depression: historical overview and recent developments. ( Oxenkrug, G, 2013) |
| "Depression can originate from changes in tryptophan availability, caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) as a result of inflammation." | 4.88 | Kynurenines in cognitive functions: their possible role in depression. ( Majlath, Z; Plangar, I; Vecsei, L, 2012) |
| "Alteration of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism elicited by proinflammatory cytokines has gained attention as a new concept to explain the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression." | 4.84 | A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. ( Isobe, K; Miura, H; Nagatsu, T; Ohta, T; Ozaki, N; Sawada, M, 2008) |
| "Data revealed that both depression and well-being showed highly significant improvement combined with significant drop in kynurenine blood level after intervention." | 4.31 | Role of ( Al-Moghazy, M; Azmy, O; El-Attar, I; Essa, HA; Hasheesh, A; Kandeel, WA; Kazem, YI; Mahmoud, MH; Mehanna, NS, 2023) |
| "Rifaximin improves depression-like behaviour in CUMS rats by influencing the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism." | 4.31 | Rifaximin ameliorates depression-like behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats by regulating intestinal microbiota and hippocampal tryptophan metabolism. ( Cheng, S; Ho, CSH; Ho, RCM; Jiang, Z; Li, H; Liu, D; Pan, F; Wang, W; Zhu, Z, 2023) |
| "Manipulation of intake of serotonin precursor tryptophan has been exploited to rapidly induce and alleviate depression symptoms." | 4.31 | Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids. ( Antal, P; Bagdy, G; Bolgar, B; Bruncsics, B; Burden, ST; Deakin, B; Eszlari, N; Gecse, K; Gonda, X; Hullam, G; Jones, DJ; Juhasz, G; Millinghoffer, A; Petschner, P, 2023) |
| "Increasing evidence indicates that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism disturbance controls hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and thereby affecting depression-like behavior, in which the gut microbiota (GM) might be involved." | 4.31 | Whey protein isolate attenuates depression-like behavior developed in a mouse model of breast tumor. ( Chen, Y; Guo, M; He, J; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Maitiniyazi, G; Tao, W; Xia, S, 2023) |
| "Here, we found the gut microbiota from healthy adolescent volunteers, first diagnosis patients of adolescent depression, and sertraline interveners after first diagnosis displayed significant difference, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Collinsella, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae-unclassified decreased in adolescent depressive patients, while restored after sertraline treatment." | 4.31 | Microbiome and tryptophan metabolomics analysis in adolescent depression: roles of the gut microbiota in the regulation of tryptophan-derived neurotransmitters and behaviors in human and mice. ( Fan, Y; Gao, R; Liu, W; Wang, J; Wang, S; Wu, L; Xu, H; Xu, L; Yao, H; Yu, J; Yu, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhou, M, 2023) |
| "Pathophysiology of depression in elderlies is linked to aging-associated increase in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels and activity and kynurenine (Kyn) metabolites." | 4.12 | Young Plasma Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Aged Rats Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress by Suppressing Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enzyme and Kynurenine Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex. ( Alipour, MR; Badalzadeh, R; Ebrahimi-Kalan, A; Ghaffari-Nasab, A; Javani, G; Mohaddes, G, 2022) |
| "Evidence, largely obtained from peripheral studies, suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway contribute to the aetiology of depression and disorders involving psychosis." | 4.12 | Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology. ( Brown, AM; Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA; Purves-Tyson, TD; Shannon Weickert, C, 2022) |
| "Kynurenine pathway, a neuroimmunological pathway plays a substantial role in depression." | 4.12 | Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies. ( Bansal, Y; Bishnoi, M; Dhingra, N; Dhingra, R; Khare, P; Kondepudi, KK; Kuhad, A; Singh, R; Sodhi, RK, 2022) |
| "Higher estimated tryptophan intake was cross-sectionally independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japanese women." | 4.12 | Tryptophan intake is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. ( Arakawa, M; Miyake, Y; Okubo, H; Sasaki, S; Tanaka, K, 2022) |
| " Herein, we study the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme important in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, in a murine model of pancreatic cancer-associated depression." | 4.12 | IDO1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Depression. ( Graor, HJ; Hajihassani, O; Hue, JJ; Ji, K; Katayama, ES; Loftus, AW; Vaziri-Gohar, A; Winter, JM; Zarei, M, 2022) |
| "The kynurenine pathway (KP) and inflammation are substantial in depression pathogenesis." | 4.12 | A kynurenine pathway enzyme aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase may be involved in treatment-resistant depression, and baseline inflammation status of patients predicts treatment response: a pilot study. ( Aslan, S; Bolu, A; Bozkurt, A; Bukan, N; Cevik, C; Cicek, S; Ekmekci Ertek, I; Karadag, RF; Kocak, C; Sen, B; Ucar, H; Yilmaz, NS, 2022) |
| "Inflammation and glutamate (GLU) are widely thought to participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and current evidence suggests that the development of depression is associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP)." | 4.12 | Involvement of kynurenine pathway between inflammation and glutamate in the underlying etiopathology of CUMS-induced depression mouse model. ( Chen, B; Di, Z; Guo, Q; Hu, R; Jiang, S; Liu, J; Ma, R; Shi, M; Song, Z; Sun, S; Wu, X; Xu, H, 2022) |
| " We evaluated the relationships between total score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and kynurenine, tryptophan, anthranilic acid and kynurenic acid concentrations, IDO activity and tryptophan availability to the brain." | 4.02 | The role of anthranilic acid in the increase of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder during treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α2a and oral ribavirin. ( Bugajska, J; Inglot, M; Janocha-Litwin, J; Malyszczak, K; Marciniak, D; Pawlak, D; Pawlowski, T; Zalewska, M, 2021) |
| "The results from this study suggest that alterations in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism are associated with the presence of depression in the context of HIV infection." | 4.02 | Alterations in the Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Are Associated With Depression in People Living With HIV. ( Drivsholm, N; Faurholt-Jepsen, M; Gelpi, M; Kirkegaard-Klitbo, DM; Knudsen, AD; Midttun, Ø; Nielsen, SD; Trøseid, M; Ueland, PM, 2021) |
| "Tryptophan catabolites ("TRYCATs") produced by the kynurenine pathway (KP) may play a role in depression pathophysiology." | 4.02 | The association between plasma tryptophan catabolites and depression: The role of symptom profiles and inflammation. ( Allers, KA; Beekman, ATF; Giltay, EJ; Keller, S; Milaneschi, Y; Niessen, HG; Penninx, BWJH; Schoevers, RA; Süssmuth, SD, 2021) |
| " Lacosamide (LCM) is used to treat patients with seizures, but the underlying pathways associating the seizures and comorbid depression are still unknown." | 4.02 | Effect of lacosamide on neuroinflammation-mediated seizures comorbid with depression in C57BL/6 mice- Role of kynurenine pathway. ( Agarwal, S; Nirwan, N; Vohora, D; Vyas, P, 2021) |
| "Mania and chronic depressive symptoms in BD are accompanied by a strong interaction between inflammation and a potentially neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism." | 3.96 | A mood state-specific interaction between kynurenine metabolism and inflammation is present in bipolar disorder. ( Coppens, V; de Boer, P; Fransen, E; Lai, FY; Morrens, M; Sabbe, B; Schuermans, J; Timmers, M; van den Ameele, S; van Diermen, L; van Nuijs, AL; Verkerk, R, 2020) |
| "Kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites are believed to be a link between inflammation and depression through effects on brain glutamate receptors." | 3.96 | Associations among peripheral and central kynurenine pathway metabolites and inflammation in depression. ( Baer, W; Felger, JC; Goldsmith, DR; Haroon, E; Miller, AH; Patel, T; Welle, JR; Woolwine, BJ, 2020) |
| "To investigate if there is a correlation between serum kynurenines levels with poststroke anxiety and depression symptoms and disability scales." | 3.96 | Serum Kynurenines Correlate With Depressive Symptoms and Disability in Poststroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. ( Barajas-Martínez, K; Carrillo-Mora, P; Estrada-Cortés, B; Franyutti-Prado, K; Gamboa-Coria, G; Martínez-Cortéz, JA; Pérez-De la Cruz, V; Quinzaños-Fresnedo, J; Ramírez-Ortega, D; Ramos-Chávez, LA; Rangel-Caballero, F; Rodríguez-Barragán, M; Sánchez-Chapul, L; Sánchez-Vázquez, I; Toussaint-González, P, 2020) |
| "The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of depression is well-documented, while the involvement of other tryptophan (TRP) metabolites generated in the kynurenine pathway is less known." | 3.96 | Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders. ( Blasiak, J; Chojnacki, C; Chojnacki, J; Fila, M; Konrad, P; Popławski, T, 2020) |
| " The aim of the present study was to analyze gut microbiota composition in bipolar disorder (BD) and its relation to inflammation, serum lipids, oxidative stress, tryptophan (TRP)/kynurenine (KYN) levels, anthropometric measurements and parameters of metabolic syndrome." | 3.91 | A step ahead: Exploring the gut microbiota in inpatients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. ( Bengesser, S; Birner, A; Dalkner, N; Fellendorf, F; Gorkiewicz, G; Halwachs, B; Holl, AK; Holzer, P; Kapfhammer, HP; Kashofer, K; Moll, N; Mörkl, S; Painold, A; Platzer, M; Queissner, R; Reininghaus, EZ; Schütze, G; Schwarz, MJ, 2019) |
| " Evidence suggests that the kynurenine (KYN) pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, but few studies have explored the association between the KYN pathway and cognitive impairment in MDD." | 3.91 | Cross-sectional relationship between kynurenine pathway metabolites and cognitive function in major depressive disorder. ( Chen, L; Li, H; Liu, W; Ning, Y; Wang, C; Zhan, Y; Zheng, W; Zhou, Y, 2019) |
| " In the present study, the induction of depression via the kynurenine pathway by different redox states of HMGB1 was investigated in vivo and in vitro." | 3.91 | Fr‑HMGB1 and ds‑HMGB1 activate the kynurenine pathway via different mechanisms in association with depressive‑like behavior. ( Jiang, CL; Li, JM; Lian, YJ; Liu, LL; Su, WJ; Wang, B; Wang, YX, 2019) |
| " Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has attracted considerable attention due to its influence on the onset of depression via induction of inflammation." | 3.91 | Changes in tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum periods: Potential involvement in postpartum depressive symptoms. ( Kubo, H; Morikawa, M; Mouri, A; Nabeshima, T; Nakamura, Y; Okada, T; Ozaki, N; Saito, K; Shiino, T; Teshigawara, T; Yamamoto, Y, 2019) |
| "Sensitive and comprehensive measurement of systemic metabolites of tryptophan, phenylalanine and glutamate metabolism in biological samples is effective for understanding the pathogenesis of depression and other neurological diseases." | 3.91 | Development of an underivatized LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 14 neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus, plasma and urine: Application to CUMS induced depression rats. ( Han, XM; Lu, YN; Qin, YJ; Rang, Y; Wang, NX; Zhai, XJ; Zhang, XL; Zhu, Y, 2019) |
| "Elevated kynurenine (Kyn) production from tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is a biomarker of immune dysregulation in depression, but its mechanistic contributions to the behavioral symptoms are poorly defined." | 3.88 | Regulation of proinflammatory monocyte activation by the kynurenine-AhR axis underlies immunometabolic control of depressive behavior in mice. ( Bao, X; Hao, H; Hou, Y; Hu, M; Wang, G; Wang, H; Zang, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, F, 2018) |
| " Here, the potential mechanism of HMGB1 mediating chronic-stress-induced depression through the kynurenine pathway (KP) was further explored both in vivo and in vitro." | 3.88 | HMGB1 mediates depressive behavior induced by chronic stress through activating the kynurenine pathway. ( Dong, X; Gong, H; Jiang, CL; Lian, YJ; Liu, LL; Peng, W; Su, WJ; Wang, B; Wang, YX; Zhang, T, 2018) |
| "In both cohorts, inflammation as measured by higher levels of CRP, sVCAM1 and sICAM1 was associated with kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and thus enhanced tryptophan breakdown (beta: 0." | 3.88 | Psychosocial stress and inflammation driving tryptophan breakdown in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts. ( Carvalho, LA; Clarke, G; Díaz, LE; Gómez-Martínez, S; Marcos, A; Michels, N; Olavarria-Ramirez, L; Widhalm, K, 2018) |
| "We evaluated 101 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with PEG-IFN-α2a, and 40 controls, so as to determine the activation of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan (TRP) and their metabolites' concentrations/levels: kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and anthranilic acid (AA)." | 3.88 | Alterations in the metabolism of tryptophan in patients with chronic hepatitis C six months after pegylated interferon-α 2a treatment. ( Inglot, M; Laskus, T; Malyszczak, K; Pawlak, D; Pawlowski, T; Radkowski, M; Zalewska, M, 2018) |
| "Kynurenines, the major degradative products of the essential amino acid tryptophan, may play critical roles in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders." | 3.88 | Exercise Your Kynurenines to Fight Depression. ( Notarangelo, FM; Pocivavsek, A; Schwarcz, R, 2018) |
| "Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects on treatment-resistant depression, but the biological mechanism underpinning this effect is less clear." | 3.88 | Antidepressant effect of repeated ketamine administration on kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. ( Chen, L; Li, H; Li, M; Liu, W; Ning, Y; Wang, C; Zhan, Y; Zheng, W; Zhou, Y, 2018) |
| "Patients who were symptomatic had the highest depression and anxiety scores, together with increased intestinal expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, increased circulating IL-6 and CRP, and an increased circulating kynurenine:tryptophan ratio." | 3.85 | Association between psychological measures with inflammatory anddisease-related markers of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Abautret-Daly, Á; Connor, TJ; de Francisco-García, R; Dempsey, E; Harkin, A; Medina, C; Parra-Blanco, A; Riestra, S; Rodrigo, L, 2017) |
| " Tryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites may play a prominent role in neural pathways related to sleep, fatigue, and depression." | 3.85 | Tryptophan and Kynurenine Levels and Its Association With Sleep, Nonphysical Fatigue, and Depression in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. ( Brown, J; Finkelstein, FO; Garimella, PS; Handelman, GJ; Ikizler, A; Ix, JH; Kooman, J; Kotanko, P; Levin, NW; Malhotra, R; Persic, V; Rosales, L; Tao, X; Thijssen, S; Unruh, ML; Zhang, W, 2017) |
| " Depression is hypothesized to be causally associated with an imbalance in the kynurenine pathway, with an increased metabolism down the 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) branch of the pathway leading to increased levels of the neurotoxic metabolite, quinolinic acid (QA), which is a putative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist." | 3.85 | Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis. ( Bliss, SA; Dantzer, R; Drevets, WC; Ford, BN; McMillin, JR; Morris, HM; Savitz, JB; Suzuki, H; Teague, TK; Wurfel, BE, 2017) |
| "Our results suggest that an imbalance between HPA axis function and tryptophan metabolism could be involved in recurrent depression." | 3.85 | The association between the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and tryptophan metabolism in persons with recurrent major depressive disorder and healthy controls. ( de Jonge, P; Doornbos, B; Kema, IP; Penninx, BWJH; Sorgdrager, FJH, 2017) |
| "These data support the hypothesis that altered kynurenine metabolism may molecularly link sleep disturbance and depression." | 3.85 | Sleep disturbance and kynurenine metabolism in depression. ( Cho, HJ; Dantzer, R; Drevets, WC; Irwin, MR; Savitz, J; Teague, TK, 2017) |
| " Elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate depression in inflammatory disorders." | 3.85 | Intracerebroventricular Administration of Streptozotocin as an Experimental Approach to Depression: Evidence for the Involvement of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase. ( Boeira, SP; de Gomes, MG; Jesse, CR; Mattos, E; Silva, NC; Souza, LC; Viana, CE, 2017) |
| " Increasing evidence has been proposed the activation of the tryptophan-degrading indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of kynurerine pathway (KP), as a pathogenic factor of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-related inflammation in AD." | 3.83 | Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase mediates neurobehavioral alterations induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 peptide in mice. ( Antunes, MS; Boeira, SP; de Oliveira Espinosa, D; Donato, F; Giacomeli, R; Gomes, NS; Jesse, CR; Ruff, JR; Souza, LC, 2016) |
| "The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism has an important role in mediating the behavioral effects of inflammation, which has implications in understanding neuropsychiatric comorbidity and for the development of novel therapies." | 3.83 | Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation. ( Gao, X; Morales, J; O'Connor, JC; Parrott, JM; Redus, L; Santana-Coelho, D, 2016) |
| "We demonstrated that confronting mice to the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure-a validated model of stress-induced depression-results in behavioural alterations and biochemical changes in the kynurenine pathway (KP), suspected to modify the glutamatergic neurotransmission through the imbalance between downstream metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic and kynurenic acids." | 3.83 | Chronic Treatment with the IDO1 Inhibitor 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan Minimizes the Behavioural and Biochemical Abnormalities Induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice - Comparison with Fluoxetine. ( Barone, PR; Belzung, C; Callebert, J; Guillemin, GJ; Laugeray, A; Launay, JM; Mutlu, O, 2016) |
| "Depression-related deregulation in tryptophan metabolism was found to depend on length of abstinence and on AUD severity." | 3.81 | The relationship of alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms to tryptophan metabolism: cross-sectional data from a Nepalese alcohol treatment sample. ( Bramness, JG; Hestad, K; Lien, L; Martinez, P; Neupane, SP, 2015) |
| " We fitted random-effects regression models to estimate the associations between plasma tryptophan, plasma kynurenine, dietary diversity, and self-reported depression symptom severity." | 3.80 | Reversal of the Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism may improve depression in ART-treated HIV-infected Ugandans. ( Bangsberg, DR; Haberer, JE; Huang, Y; Hunt, PW; Kembabazi, A; Martin, JN; Martinez, P; Muzoora, C; Tsai, AC; Weiser, SD, 2014) |
| "17 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were recruited and completed mood questionnaires (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy -Pancreatic Cancer, Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory) and blood testing for serum levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid." | 3.80 | A biological basis for depression in pancreatic cancer. ( Botwinick, IC; Chabot, JA; Cooper, T; Mann, JJ; Pursell, L; Yu, G, 2014) |
| "Several studies have suggested that induced tryptophan (TRP) degradation through the kynurenine (KYN) pathway by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is implicated in the relation between depression and inflammation." | 3.80 | Does tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway mediate the association between pro-inflammatory immune activity and depressive symptoms? ( de Jonge, P; Doornbos, B; Duivis, HE; Kema, IP; Nolen, WA; Penninx, BW; Quak, J; Roest, AM; Vogelzangs, N, 2014) |
| "Depression is associated with elevated kynurenine levels, a tryptophan metabolite generated under stress and inflammatory conditions." | 3.80 | Muscle over mind. ( Moon, HY; van Praag, H, 2014) |
| " The current study investigated associations between fatigue, depression and inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) and CRP concentrations, as well as kynurenine pathway (KP) activation, in 61 breast cancer patients prior to chemotherapy." | 3.79 | C-reactive protein predicts fatigue independently of depression in breast cancer patients prior to chemotherapy. ( Boyle, NT; Collier, S; Connor, TJ; Harkin, A; Hevey, D; Hughes, MM; Kennedy, MJ; O'Dwyer, AM; Pertl, MM, 2013) |
| " IDO activation and subsequent generation of neuroactive kynurenine metabolites may have a pivotal role in the development of depression." | 3.79 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced persistent microglial activation and depressive-like complications in fractalkine receptor (CX(3)CR1)-deficient mice. ( Corona, AW; Dantzer, R; Godbout, JP; Huang, Y; Kelley, KW; Lawson, M; Norden, DM; O'Connor, JC; Skendelas, JP, 2013) |
| "Sub-chronic tryptophan depletion (SCTD) is proposed as an animal model for depression." | 3.78 | Sub-chronic dietary tryptophan depletion--an animal model of depression with improved face and good construct validity. ( Bermudez, I; Franklin, M; Gaburro, S; Murck, H; Singewald, N, 2012) |
| "The currently recommended therapy for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN alpha) and ribavirin." | 3.77 | Effects of PEG-interferon alpha plus ribavirin on tryptophan metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis C. ( Bernardinello, E; Bertazzo, A; Cavalletto, L; Chemello, L; Comai, S; Costa, CV; Ragazzi, E, 2011) |
| " We tested the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with atherosclerosis only when combined with other risk factors, such as inflammation indicated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation." | 3.77 | Moderating effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation in the association between depressive symptoms and carotid atherosclerosis: evidence from the Young Finns study. ( Elovainio, M; Hintsa, T; Hintsanen, M; Hurme, M; Jokela, M; Keltikangas-Järvinen, L; Kivimäki, M; Lehtimäki, T; Pulkki-Råback, L; Raitakari, OT; Viikari, J, 2011) |
| "An increase in immune-stimulated synthesis of kynurenine from tryptophan by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 3.75 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation and depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease. ( Dowlati, Y; Herrmann, N; Kiss, A; Lanctôt, KL; Oh, PI; Swardfager, W; Walker, SE, 2009) |
| "Although elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate comorbid depression in inflammatory disorders, its causative role has never been tested." | 3.75 | Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in mice. ( André, C; Castanon, N; Dantzer, R; Kelley, KW; Lawson, MA; Lestage, J; Moreau, M; O'Connor, JC, 2009) |
| "Psychiatric patients suffering from endogenous depression and a control group without endogenous depression were given oral loads of L-tryptophan and urinary excretion determined of the tryptophan metabolites on the pyrrolase pathway: kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid." | 3.65 | Tryptophan metabolism in depression. ( Bridges, PK; Curzon, G, 1970) |
| "Although depression is categorized as a brain disorder, its symptomatology includes some behaviors that also occur during chronic inflammatory stress." | 3.01 | The Interrelation between Oxidative Stress, Depression and Inflammation through the Kynurenine Pathway. ( Aydin, A; Mat, AF; Ozhan, Y; Sipahi, H, 2023) |
| "Major depressive disorder is the most common type of mental disorder." | 3.01 | Effects of exercise training on inflammatory, neurotrophic and immunological markers and neurotransmitters in people with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Alt, R; da Cunha, LL; Feter, N; Rombaldi, AJ, 2023) |
| "Inflammation has an important physiological influence on mood and behavior." | 2.90 | Kynurenine metabolism and inflammation-induced depressed mood: A human experimental study. ( Cho, JH; Eisenberger, NI; Faull, K; Hwang, L; Irwin, MR; Kruse, JL; Olmstead, R, 2019) |
| "Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder, occurring in up to 20 % of the population." | 2.72 | The kynurenine pathway in major depression: What we know and where to next. ( Brown, SJ; Huang, XF; Newell, KA, 2021) |
| "Many patients with cancer suffer from anemia, depression, and an impaired quality of life (QoL)." | 2.66 | Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer. ( Egger, EM; Fuchs, D; Kink, P; Kurz, K; Lanser, L; Weiss, G; Willenbacher, W, 2020) |
| "Since chronic painful conditions and depression have common pathophysiological patterns, and the kynurenine signaling pathway is involved in both of them, future clinical studies should aim to have outcomes targeting not only pain, but also functionality, mood changes, and quality of life." | 2.66 | The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents. ( Candido, KD; Jovanovic, F; Knezevic, NN, 2020) |
| "As ketamine has serious self-limiting drawbacks that restrict its widespread use for this purpose, a safer alternative is needed." | 2.55 | What is the mechanism of Ketamine's rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large number of possibilities. ( Bhimani, PM; Cavaretta, MJ; Kaabe, JH; Krysiak, JT; Nanchanatt, DL; Nguyen, TN; Pough, KA; Prince, TA; Raffa, RB; Ramsey, NS; Savsani, KH; Scandlen, L; Strasburger, SE, 2017) |
| "Chronic inflammation has been shown to contribute to the development of a wide variety of disorders by means of a number of proposed mechanisms." | 2.50 | The common inflammatory etiology of depression and cognitive impairment: a therapeutic target. ( Allison, DJ; Ditor, DS, 2014) |
| "Somatoform disorders are troubling to both patients and physicians." | 2.44 | A biological substrate for somatoform disorders: importance of pathophysiology. ( Dantzer, R; Dimsdale, JE, 2007) |
| "Depression is the most common comorbidities associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)." | 1.91 | The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression. ( Bao, Y; Huang, X; Jin, Y; Lin, F; Lu, L; Ma, Y; Ren, H; Tan, L; Wang, F; Wu, L; Xie, X; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| "In the chronic phase after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the aftereffect-associated lowering of motivation burdens many patients; however, the pathogenic mechanism is unclear." | 1.91 | Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase is responsible for low stress tolerance after intracerebral hemorrhage. ( Akagi, M; Aokawa, H; Hata, T; Inoue, A; Kotsuki, M; Maehara, S; Ohnishi, M; Yamashita-Ibara, M; Yokofujita, O; Yonemura, S, 2023) |
| "Considerable data relate major depressive disorder (MDD) with aberrant immune system functioning." | 1.72 | Peripheral and central kynurenine pathway abnormalities in major depression. ( Asratian, A; Boda, S; Dantzer, R; Erhardt, S; Hamilton, JP; Heilig, M; Holm, L; Kämpe, R; Paul, ER; Samuelsson, M; Schwieler, L; Trepci, A; Yngve, A, 2022) |
| "Depression is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases." | 1.72 | Soy isoflavones alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior by suppressing neuroinflammation, mediating tryptophan metabolism and promoting synaptic plasticity. ( Fan, B; Li, S; Liu, X; Lu, C; Tong, L; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Wei, Z, 2022) |
| "Anxiety and depression are symptoms associated with ethanol withdrawal that lead individuals to relapse." | 1.62 | Early and late behavioral consequences of ethanol withdrawal: focus on brain indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity. ( Albino, MC; André, E; de Paula Soares, V; de Sousa Pinto, ÍA; Dos Santos, LC; Gavioli, EC; Holanda, VAD; Junqueira Ayres, DD; Lima, RH; Padovan, CM; Silveira, MA, 2021) |
| "Depression is a wide-spread disease that affects millions of people worldwide." | 1.56 | Physical exercise prevents mice from L-Kynurenine-induced depression-like behavior. ( Chuang, HC; Hong, CJ; Su, CH, 2020) |
| "Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women is almost twice compared to men, although the reasons of this gender difference are not fully understood yet." | 1.56 | Depressive-like phenotype evoked by lifelong nutritional omega-3 deficiency in female rats: Crosstalk among kynurenine, Toll-like receptors and amyloid beta oligomers. ( Maffione, AB; Morgese, MG; Schiavone, S; Trabace, L; Tucci, P, 2020) |
| "Curcumin (CUR), which is a natural component extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, seems to be efficacious in depression treatment." | 1.51 | Curcumin relieves depressive-like behaviors via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and kynurenine pathway in rats suffering from chronic unpredictable mild stress. ( Guo, YJ; Han, WX; Jiang, P; Wang, KY; Wen, LP; Yang, MQ; Zhang, WY, 2019) |
| "Chronic, low-level inflammation is associated with symptomatic bipolar disorder (BD) and with chronic insomnia." | 1.48 | Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder. ( Can, A; Fuchs, D; Groer, M; Krishnamurthy, VB; Millett, CE; Mukherjee, D; Postolache, TT; Reider, A; Saunders, EFH, 2018) |
| "Chronic pain was evaluated by thermal hyperalgesia in Hargreaves test and mechanical allodynia in von Frey test, depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by immobility time in forced swim test and tail suspension test." | 1.48 | Chronic trans-astaxanthin treatment exerts antihyperalgesic effect and corrects co-morbid depressive like behaviors in mice with chronic pain. ( Ding, L; Jiang, X; Jing, C; Liu, F; Pang, C; Yan, Q; Zhang, L, 2018) |
| "Mastocytosis is a rare disease in which chronic symptoms, including depression, are related to mast cell accumulation and activation." | 1.43 | Mast cells' involvement in inflammation pathways linked to depression: evidence in mastocytosis. ( Alyanakian, MA; Aouba, A; Bachmeyer, C; Barète, S; Bonin, B; Chandesris, MO; Chauvet-Gelinier, JC; Côté, F; Damaj, G; Dubreuil, P; Gaillard, R; Georgin-Lavialle, S; Grandpeix-Guyodo, C; Haffen, E; Hermine, O; Launay, JM; Lortholary, O; Moura, DS; Salvador, A; Soucié, E; Teyssier, JR; Trojak, B; Vandel, P, 2016) |
| " In this study, we investigated whether indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1)-mediated tryptophan (TRP) metabolism plays a critical role in depression occurring as a side effect of IFN-α therapy." | 1.43 | Depressive symptoms as a side effect of Interferon-α therapy induced by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. ( Fujigaki, H; Imamura, Y; Ishibashi, T; Kim, HC; Kubo, H; Mamiya, T; Mitani, S; Murakami, Y; Nabeshima, T; Nishikawa, M; Ohta, Y; Saito, K; Takahashi, Y; Takakura, Y; Tashiro, T; Tomita, E; Watcharanurak, K; Yamamoto, Y, 2016) |
| "We demonstrate that depression is associated with decreased gut microbiota richness and diversity." | 1.43 | Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. ( Beers, S; Borre, Y; Clarke, G; Cryan, JF; Deane, J; Dinan, TG; El Aidy, S; Fitzgerald, P; Hoban, AE; Kelly, JR; Kennedy, PJ; Moloney, G; O' Brien, C; Patterson, E; Ross, P; Scott, K; Scott, L; Stanton, C, 2016) |
| "During IFN-α treatment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores rise significantly." | 1.42 | Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis. ( Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, O; Baranyi, A; Breitenecker, RJ; Meinitzer, A; Rothenhäusler, HB; Stauber, R, 2015) |
| " These findings indicate that stroke patients with PSF have a lower bioavailability of TRP for 5-HT synthesis in the brain in the acute stroke phase." | 1.40 | Activation of the kynurenine pathway in the acute phase of stroke and its role in fatigue and depression following stroke. ( Amthor, KF; Ormstad, H; Sandvik, L; Verkerk, R, 2014) |
| "Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of people worldwide." | 1.40 | Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. ( Agudelo, LZ; Barres, R; Bhat, M; Correia, JC; Erhardt, S; Femenía, T; Ferreira, DMS; Goiny, M; Izadi, M; Krook, A; Lindskog, M; Martinez-Redondo, V; Orhan, F; Pettersson, AT; Porsmyr-Palmertz, M; Ruas, JL; Schuppe-Koistinen, I; Zierath, JR, 2014) |
| " Additionally, the effects of chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the anti-TNF-α pentoxyphylline were investigated." | 1.40 | Lipopolysaccharide repeated challenge followed by chronic mild stress protocol introduces a combined model of depression in rats: reversibility by imipramine and pentoxifylline. ( Abd-Alkhalek, HA; Abdel-tawab, AM; Aboul-Fotouh, S; El Tabbal, M; Elgarf, AS; Farrag, KA; Hammouda, GA; Hassan, AN; Kassim, SK, 2014) |
| "Geriatric depression is a costly health issue, but little is known about its physiological underpinnings." | 1.39 | Aging leads to prolonged duration of inflammation-induced depression-like behavior caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. ( Dantzer, R; Kelley, KW; Lawson, MA; McCusker, RH; O'Connor, JC; Rodriguez-Zas, SL, 2013) |
| "Disease progression was monitored by determination of viral load (VL), CD4(+) cell counts, haemoglobin and urinary/plasma neopterin, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations." | 1.35 | Quality of life and immune activation in patients with HIV-infection. ( Fuchs, D; Kemmler, G; Mumelter, B; Sarcletti, M; Schroecksnadel, K; Weiss, G; Winkler, C; Zangerle, R, 2008) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 15 (7.58) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (0.51) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 11 (5.56) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 98 (49.49) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 73 (36.87) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Pu, J | 2 |
| Liu, Y | 3 |
| Gui, S | 2 |
| Tian, L | 2 |
| Yu, Y | 2 |
| Song, X | 1 |
| Zhong, X | 3 |
| Chen, X | 5 |
| Chen, W | 2 |
| Zheng, P | 1 |
| Zhang, H | 1 |
| Gong, X | 3 |
| Liu, L | 2 |
| Wu, J | 1 |
| Wang, H | 4 |
| Xie, P | 2 |
| Beltran, DJ | 1 |
| Tsygankova, VD | 1 |
| Woolwine, BJ | 3 |
| Patel, T | 2 |
| Baer, W | 2 |
| Felger, JC | 2 |
| Miller, AH | 4 |
| Haroon, E | 2 |
| Ghaffari-Nasab, A | 1 |
| Badalzadeh, R | 1 |
| Mohaddes, G | 1 |
| Javani, G | 1 |
| Ebrahimi-Kalan, A | 1 |
| Alipour, MR | 1 |
| Kimmel, M | 1 |
| Jin, W | 1 |
| Xia, K | 1 |
| Lun, K | 1 |
| Azcarate-Peril, A | 1 |
| Plantinga, A | 1 |
| Wu, M | 1 |
| Ataei, S | 1 |
| Rackers, H | 1 |
| Carroll, I | 1 |
| Meltzer-Brody, S | 1 |
| Fransson, E | 1 |
| Knickmeyer, R | 1 |
| Kazem, YI | 1 |
| Mahmoud, MH | 1 |
| Essa, HA | 1 |
| Azmy, O | 1 |
| Kandeel, WA | 1 |
| Al-Moghazy, M | 1 |
| El-Attar, I | 1 |
| Hasheesh, A | 1 |
| Mehanna, NS | 1 |
| Kanova, M | 1 |
| Kohout, P | 1 |
| Paul, ER | 1 |
| Schwieler, L | 1 |
| Erhardt, S | 2 |
| Boda, S | 1 |
| Trepci, A | 1 |
| Kämpe, R | 1 |
| Asratian, A | 1 |
| Holm, L | 1 |
| Yngve, A | 1 |
| Dantzer, R | 12 |
| Heilig, M | 1 |
| Hamilton, JP | 1 |
| Samuelsson, M | 1 |
| Delgado, I | 1 |
| Cussotto, S | 1 |
| Anesi, A | 1 |
| Dexpert, S | 1 |
| Aubert, A | 2 |
| Aouizerate, B | 1 |
| Beau, C | 1 |
| Forestier, D | 1 |
| Ledaguenel, P | 1 |
| Magne, E | 1 |
| Mattivi, F | 1 |
| Capuron, L | 2 |
| Brown, SJ | 2 |
| Brown, AM | 1 |
| Purves-Tyson, TD | 1 |
| Huang, XF | 2 |
| Shannon Weickert, C | 1 |
| Newell, KA | 2 |
| Sha, Q | 1 |
| Madaj, Z | 1 |
| Keaton, S | 1 |
| Escobar Galvis, ML | 1 |
| Smart, L | 1 |
| Krzyzanowski, S | 1 |
| Fazleabas, AT | 1 |
| Leach, R | 1 |
| Postolache, TT | 2 |
| Achtyes, ED | 1 |
| Brundin, L | 1 |
| Savitz, J | 2 |
| Mingoti, MED | 1 |
| Bertollo, AG | 1 |
| Simões, JLB | 1 |
| Francisco, GR | 1 |
| Bagatini, MD | 1 |
| Ignácio, ZM | 1 |
| Wang, D | 2 |
| Chen, Y | 3 |
| Li, W | 1 |
| Tateishi, H | 2 |
| Setoyama, D | 2 |
| Kato, TA | 2 |
| Kang, D | 2 |
| Matsushima, J | 2 |
| Nogami, K | 1 |
| Mawatari, S | 2 |
| Kojima, R | 2 |
| Fujii, Y | 2 |
| Sakemura, Y | 2 |
| Shiraishi, T | 2 |
| Imamura, Y | 2 |
| Maekawa, T | 2 |
| Asami, T | 2 |
| Mizoguchi, Y | 2 |
| Monji, A | 2 |
| Bansal, Y | 2 |
| Singh, R | 2 |
| Sodhi, RK | 2 |
| Khare, P | 1 |
| Dhingra, R | 1 |
| Dhingra, N | 1 |
| Bishnoi, M | 1 |
| Kondepudi, KK | 1 |
| Kuhad, A | 2 |
| Kucukkarapinar, M | 1 |
| Yay-Pence, A | 1 |
| Yildiz, Y | 1 |
| Buyukkoruk, M | 1 |
| Yaz-Aydin, G | 1 |
| Deveci-Bulut, TS | 1 |
| Gulbahar, O | 1 |
| Senol, E | 1 |
| Candansayar, S | 1 |
| Miyake, Y | 1 |
| Tanaka, K | 1 |
| Okubo, H | 1 |
| Sasaki, S | 1 |
| Arakawa, M | 1 |
| de Arruda, CM | 1 |
| Doneda, DL | 1 |
| de Oliveira, VV | 1 |
| da Silva, RAL | 1 |
| de Matos, YAV | 1 |
| Fernandes, IL | 1 |
| Rohden, CAH | 1 |
| Viola, GG | 1 |
| Rios-Santos, F | 1 |
| de Lima, E | 1 |
| da Silva Buss, Z | 1 |
| Vandresen-Filho, S | 1 |
| Correia, AS | 1 |
| Vale, N | 1 |
| Lu, C | 1 |
| Wei, Z | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Li, S | 2 |
| Tong, L | 1 |
| Liu, X | 2 |
| Fan, B | 1 |
| Wang, F | 4 |
| Liaqat, H | 1 |
| Parveen, A | 1 |
| Kim, SY | 1 |
| Rathour, D | 1 |
| Shah, S | 1 |
| Khan, S | 1 |
| Singh, PK | 1 |
| Srivastava, S | 1 |
| Singh, SB | 1 |
| Khatri, DK | 1 |
| Chang, R | 1 |
| Zou, J | 1 |
| Tan, S | 1 |
| Huang, Z | 3 |
| Xiao, W | 1 |
| Li, J | 1 |
| Gao, X | 2 |
| Yang, H | 1 |
| Su, J | 2 |
| Weng, R | 1 |
| Gao, Y | 1 |
| Ni, W | 1 |
| Gu, Y | 1 |
| Hue, JJ | 1 |
| Graor, HJ | 1 |
| Zarei, M | 1 |
| Katayama, ES | 1 |
| Ji, K | 1 |
| Hajihassani, O | 1 |
| Loftus, AW | 1 |
| Vaziri-Gohar, A | 1 |
| Winter, JM | 1 |
| Almulla, AF | 1 |
| Maes, M | 5 |
| Yilmaz, NS | 1 |
| Sen, B | 1 |
| Karadag, RF | 1 |
| Aslan, S | 1 |
| Ekmekci Ertek, I | 1 |
| Bozkurt, A | 1 |
| Cicek, S | 1 |
| Bolu, A | 1 |
| Ucar, H | 1 |
| Kocak, C | 1 |
| Cevik, C | 1 |
| Bukan, N | 1 |
| Wu, X | 2 |
| Chen, B | 3 |
| Di, Z | 1 |
| Jiang, S | 1 |
| Xu, H | 2 |
| Shi, M | 1 |
| Hu, R | 1 |
| Sun, S | 1 |
| Song, Z | 1 |
| Liu, J | 2 |
| Ma, R | 1 |
| Guo, Q | 1 |
| Ren, H | 3 |
| Lin, F | 3 |
| Wu, L | 4 |
| Tan, L | 3 |
| Lu, L | 3 |
| Xie, X | 3 |
| Zhang, Y | 4 |
| Bao, Y | 3 |
| Ma, Y | 4 |
| Huang, X | 5 |
| Jin, Y | 3 |
| Sipahi, H | 1 |
| Mat, AF | 1 |
| Ozhan, Y | 1 |
| Aydin, A | 1 |
| Yan, L | 1 |
| Liu, CH | 1 |
| Xu, L | 2 |
| Qian, YY | 1 |
| Song, PP | 1 |
| Wei, M | 1 |
| Liu, BL | 1 |
| da Cunha, LL | 1 |
| Feter, N | 1 |
| Alt, R | 1 |
| Rombaldi, AJ | 1 |
| Ohnishi, M | 1 |
| Akagi, M | 1 |
| Kotsuki, M | 1 |
| Yonemura, S | 1 |
| Aokawa, H | 1 |
| Yamashita-Ibara, M | 1 |
| Yokofujita, O | 1 |
| Maehara, S | 1 |
| Hata, T | 1 |
| Inoue, A | 1 |
| Hendawy, N | 1 |
| Salaheldin, TH | 1 |
| Abuelezz, SA | 1 |
| Lai, W | 1 |
| Li, XG | 1 |
| Luo, D | 1 |
| Cheng, S | 1 |
| Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Li, H | 5 |
| Wang, W | 1 |
| Jiang, Z | 1 |
| Pan, F | 1 |
| Liu, D | 1 |
| Ho, RCM | 1 |
| Ho, CSH | 1 |
| Bruncsics, B | 1 |
| Hullam, G | 1 |
| Bolgar, B | 1 |
| Petschner, P | 1 |
| Millinghoffer, A | 1 |
| Gecse, K | 1 |
| Eszlari, N | 1 |
| Gonda, X | 1 |
| Jones, DJ | 1 |
| Burden, ST | 1 |
| Antal, P | 1 |
| Deakin, B | 1 |
| Bagdy, G | 1 |
| Juhasz, G | 1 |
| Levin, G | 1 |
| Ein-Dor, T | 1 |
| Xia, S | 1 |
| Maitiniyazi, G | 1 |
| Guo, M | 1 |
| He, J | 1 |
| Tao, W | 1 |
| Li, Z | 1 |
| Zhou, M | 1 |
| Fan, Y | 1 |
| Yu, Z | 1 |
| Wang, S | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Zhang, L | 2 |
| Liu, W | 3 |
| Yu, J | 1 |
| Yao, H | 1 |
| Wang, J | 4 |
| Gao, R | 1 |
| Ou, W | 1 |
| Ju, Y | 1 |
| Ma, M | 1 |
| Qin, Y | 1 |
| Bi, Y | 1 |
| Liao, M | 1 |
| Liu, B | 1 |
| Li, L | 1 |
| Badawy, AA | 1 |
| van den Ameele, S | 1 |
| van Nuijs, AL | 1 |
| Lai, FY | 1 |
| Schuermans, J | 1 |
| Verkerk, R | 4 |
| van Diermen, L | 1 |
| Coppens, V | 2 |
| Fransen, E | 1 |
| de Boer, P | 1 |
| Timmers, M | 1 |
| Sabbe, B | 1 |
| Morrens, M | 2 |
| Simkin, DR | 1 |
| Su, CH | 1 |
| Chuang, HC | 1 |
| Hong, CJ | 1 |
| Welle, JR | 1 |
| Goldsmith, DR | 1 |
| Morgese, MG | 2 |
| Schiavone, S | 2 |
| Maffione, AB | 1 |
| Tucci, P | 2 |
| Trabace, L | 2 |
| Tao, X | 2 |
| Yan, M | 1 |
| Wang, L | 1 |
| Zhou, Y | 5 |
| Wang, Z | 2 |
| Xia, T | 1 |
| Pan, R | 1 |
| Chang, Q | 1 |
| Lanser, L | 1 |
| Kink, P | 1 |
| Egger, EM | 1 |
| Willenbacher, W | 1 |
| Fuchs, D | 8 |
| Weiss, G | 2 |
| Kurz, K | 1 |
| Alam, M | 1 |
| Zameer, S | 1 |
| Najmi, AK | 1 |
| Ahmad, FJ | 1 |
| Imam, SS | 1 |
| Akhtar, M | 1 |
| Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Sun, Y | 1 |
| He, Z | 1 |
| Xu, Y | 1 |
| Li, X | 2 |
| Ding, J | 1 |
| Lu, M | 1 |
| Hu, G | 1 |
| Niimi, M | 1 |
| Ishima, T | 1 |
| Hashimoto, K | 1 |
| Hara, T | 1 |
| Yamada, N | 1 |
| Abo, M | 1 |
| Jovanovic, F | 1 |
| Candido, KD | 1 |
| Knezevic, NN | 1 |
| Hunt, C | 1 |
| Macedo E Cordeiro, T | 1 |
| Suchting, R | 1 |
| de Dios, C | 1 |
| Cuellar Leal, VA | 1 |
| Soares, JC | 1 |
| Teixeira, AL | 1 |
| Selvaraj, S | 1 |
| Cattelan Souza, L | 1 |
| de Brito, MLO | 1 |
| Jesse, CR | 4 |
| Boeira, SP | 4 |
| de Gomes, MG | 3 |
| Goes, ATR | 2 |
| Fabbro, LD | 1 |
| Machado, FR | 1 |
| Prigol, M | 1 |
| Nogueira, CW | 1 |
| Carrillo-Mora, P | 1 |
| Pérez-De la Cruz, V | 1 |
| Estrada-Cortés, B | 1 |
| Toussaint-González, P | 1 |
| Martínez-Cortéz, JA | 1 |
| Rodríguez-Barragán, M | 1 |
| Quinzaños-Fresnedo, J | 1 |
| Rangel-Caballero, F | 1 |
| Gamboa-Coria, G | 1 |
| Sánchez-Vázquez, I | 1 |
| Barajas-Martínez, K | 1 |
| Franyutti-Prado, K | 1 |
| Sánchez-Chapul, L | 1 |
| Ramírez-Ortega, D | 1 |
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| Du, X | 1 |
| Cai, X | 1 |
| Deng, B | 1 |
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| Ishido, S | 1 |
| Tsutsui, H | 1 |
| Sheng, J | 1 |
| Kikuchi, J | 1 |
| Fukuchi, J | 1 |
| Dalvi-Garcia, F | 1 |
| Fonseca, LL | 1 |
| Vasconcelos, ATR | 1 |
| Hedin-Pereira, C | 1 |
| Voit, EO | 1 |
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| Colia, AL | 1 |
| Bevilacqua, M | 1 |
| Zádor, F | 1 |
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| Dvorácskó, S | 1 |
| Szűcs, E | 1 |
| Tömböly, C | 1 |
| Benyhe, S | 1 |
| Vécsei, L | 2 |
| Hebbrecht, K | 1 |
| Skorobogatov, K | 1 |
| Giltay, EJ | 2 |
| De Picker, L | 1 |
| Chen, LM | 1 |
| Bao, CH | 1 |
| Wu, Y | 2 |
| Liang, SH | 1 |
| Wu, LY | 1 |
| Huang, Y | 3 |
| Liu, HR | 1 |
| Wu, HG | 1 |
| Wang, CC | 1 |
| Du, L | 1 |
| Shi, HH | 1 |
| Ding, L | 2 |
| Yanagita, T | 1 |
| Xue, CH | 1 |
| Wang, YM | 1 |
| Zhang, TT | 1 |
| Milaneschi, Y | 1 |
| Allers, KA | 1 |
| Beekman, ATF | 1 |
| Keller, S | 1 |
| Schoevers, RA | 1 |
| Süssmuth, SD | 1 |
| Niessen, HG | 1 |
| Penninx, BWJH | 2 |
| Agarwal, S | 1 |
| Vyas, P | 1 |
| Nirwan, N | 1 |
| Vohora, D | 3 |
| Abautret-Daly, Á | 1 |
| Dempsey, E | 1 |
| Riestra, S | 1 |
| de Francisco-García, R | 1 |
| Parra-Blanco, A | 1 |
| Rodrigo, L | 1 |
| Medina, C | 1 |
| Connor, TJ | 4 |
| Harkin, A | 4 |
| Malhotra, R | 1 |
| Persic, V | 1 |
| Zhang, W | 1 |
| Brown, J | 1 |
| Rosales, L | 1 |
| Thijssen, S | 1 |
| Finkelstein, FO | 1 |
| Unruh, ML | 1 |
| Ikizler, A | 1 |
| Garimella, PS | 1 |
| Ix, JH | 1 |
| Kooman, J | 1 |
| Levin, NW | 1 |
| Handelman, GJ | 1 |
| Kotanko, P | 1 |
| Wurfel, BE | 1 |
| Drevets, WC | 2 |
| Bliss, SA | 1 |
| McMillin, JR | 1 |
| Suzuki, H | 1 |
| Ford, BN | 1 |
| Morris, HM | 1 |
| Teague, TK | 2 |
| Savitz, JB | 1 |
| Borsini, A | 1 |
| Alboni, S | 1 |
| Horowitz, MA | 1 |
| Tojo, LM | 1 |
| Cannazza, G | 1 |
| Su, KP | 1 |
| Pariante, CM | 2 |
| Zunszain, PA | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Role of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Perinatal Depression and Suicidality[NCT02566980] | 209 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-10-23 | Completed | |||
| Effects of 3-month Probiotic Mix Supplementation (L. Helveticus R-0052, B. Longum R-0175) on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome, Endocannabinoid and Immune Systems Activation, Along With Symptoms of Fatigue in Professional Dancers[NCT05567653] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-21 | Recruiting | |||
| Austrian Prospective Cohort Study in Cognitive Function of Elderly Marathon-runners[NCT01045031] | 114 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-12-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Prediction of the Therapeutic Response in Depression Based on an Early Neuro-computational Modeling Assessment of Motivation[NCT05866575] | 136 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| The Effects of Daily Anti-inflammatory Supplementation on Foundation Pain Index Scores in Chronic Opiate Patients[NCT05896878] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-10 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Assessing the Efficacy of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation as an Anti-inflammatory Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury[NCT05730049] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-04-30 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Understanding the Neurocognitive Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depressive Disorder Patients With and Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome[NCT05174273] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-06 | Recruiting | ||
| "Proof-of-Concept Stress & Anxiety Dampening Effects of Lpc-37"[NCT03494725] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-04-10 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Low-dose S-ketamine on the Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Women With Prenatal Depression: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT04414943] | 364 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-19 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Low-dose S-Ketamine on Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Parturients With Prenatal Depression: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT03927378] | 364 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-19 | Completed | |||
| Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Novel Translational Biological Markers of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Relationship to Gastrointestinal Function, Cognition and Co-morbid Depression[NCT01304355] | 85 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2011-01-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Pregnancy and Anxious Thoughts: The Role of the Immune and Endocrine Systems[NCT03664128] | 157 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2016-06-24 | Completed | |||
| Vortioxetine Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Inflammation, Kynurenine Pathway, and Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity as Biomarkers[NCT03580967] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-01 | Withdrawn (stopped due to COVID-19 Pandemic interfered with Pt recruitment) | ||
| A Longitudinal Study of Inflammatory Pathways in Depression[NCT04159207] | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-10-01 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
(NCT01045031)
Timeframe: Baseline and 5 years
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Controls | 323 | 500 |
| Marathon Athletes | 310 | 419 |
(NCT01045031)
Timeframe: Baseline and 5 years
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Controls | 137.7 | 155.2 |
| Marathon Athletes | 137.4 | 156.7 |
The following self rating scales were used: WHO-5 Quality of Life Assessment (Braeher, E., Muehlan, H., Albani, C., & Schmidt, S. (2007). Testing and standardization of the German version of the EUROHIS-QOL and WHO-5 quality-of life-indices. Diagnostica, 53(2), 83-96.). Range: 0 - 25, higher scores indicate better quality of life. (NCT01045031)
Timeframe: Baseline and 5 years
| Intervention | point scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Controls | 17.8 | 17.6 |
| Marathon Athletes | 19.9 | 20.3 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of the diastolic BP in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 3 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -3min | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 79.13 | 90.38 |
| Placebo | 78.41 | 88.36 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of mood scale scores over the course of the treatment~Measured with a daily online diary. Mood was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; very bad to very well) and monitored through the washout phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a better mood. Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one average value for each week and participant. Values reflect summary measures for mood ratings on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 7.31 | 7.53 | 7.66 | 7.77 | 7.73 | 7.90 | 7.77 |
| Placebo | 7.27 | 7.49 | 7.46 | 7.53 | 7.50 | 7.40 | 7.55 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of perceived health status scores over the course of the treatment.~Measured with a daily online diary. Health status was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a high perceived health.Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Values reflect summary measures for perceived health status on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 7.80 | 7.89 | 7.88 | 7.91 | 8.05 | 8.11 | 7.91 |
| Placebo | 7.86 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 8.01 | 7.92 | 7.73 | 7.75 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of perceived productivity scores over the course of the treatment~Measured with a daily online diary. Productivity was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Higher scores indicate a higher perceived productivity. Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group.Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. The values reflect summary measures for perceived productivity on a scale from 0 to 10 for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 6.98 | 7.34 | 7.53 | 7.48 | 7.59 | 7.57 | 7.50 |
| Placebo | 7.15 | 7.29 | 7.30 | 7.34 | 7.43 | 7.31 | 7.32 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the decrease of reported number of sleep disruptions over the course of the treatment measured with a daily online diary (mean of week summary).~Sleep disruptions were monitored through the wash-out phase (Week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (Weeks 3-7). In the count version, the value can be 0 or a natural number for each day and each participant. Efficacy is defined as a decrease, or (in case of a general increase) reduced increase for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Values reflect summary measures for sleep disruptions (count) for the summed counts per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | sleep disruptions per participant & week (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 7.30 | 5.50 | 4.89 | 5.43 | 3.52 | 3.80 | 4.66 |
| Placebo | 6.09 | 5.49 | 5.11 | 4.30 | 3.53 | 4.02 | 5.83 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the decrease of sleep disruptions over the course of the treatment measured with a daily online diary (Proportion (yes/total)).~Sleep disruptions were monitored through the wash-out phase and the subsequent treatment phase for each week. In the binary version, the value is either Yes or No for each day and each participant.~Efficacy is defined as a decrease, or (in case of a general increase) reduced increase for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant.~The proportion of participants with at least one sleep disruption by treatment group is given, treatment commenced after week 2. Data listed here reflect the proportion of participants who answered Yes (e.g. 0,477 * 44 = 20.99 participants answered with Yes in week 1 in the Lpc-37 group)." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | Proportion of participants (yes/total) (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 0.477 | 0.435 | 0.354 | 0.367 | 0.306 | 0.279 | 0.290 |
| Placebo | 0.465 | 0.426 | 0.418 | 0.310 | 0.292 | 0.331 | 0.389 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 1 minute before the TSST and 1, 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | U/ml (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -2min | Post-TSST +1min | Post-TSST +10min | Post-TSST +20min | Post-TSST +30min | Post-TSST +45min | |
| Lpc-37 | 154.04 | 246.29 | 146.53 | 130.11 | 125.19 | 141.13 |
| Placebo | 161.67 | 270.55 | 158.85 | 141.49 | 138.48 | 148.15 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of salivary cortisol in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 1 minute before the TSST and 1, 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -2min | Post-TSST +1min | Post-TSST +10min | Post-TSST +20min | Post-TSST +30min | Post-TSST +45min | |
| Lpc-37 | 4.79 | 6.96 | 9.48 | 9.89 | 8.04 | 6.21 |
| Placebo | 4.82 | 6.85 | 8.97 | 9.21 | 7.71 | 6.16 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of sleep duration over the course of the treatment.~Sleep duration was monitored through the wash-out phase (week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Summary measures for Sleep duration for the averaged ratings per participant and week" (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | min (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 447.27 | 444.01 | 449.45 | 450.62 | 454.50 | 450.88 | 445.60 |
| Placebo | 447.45 | 448.13 | 456.90 | 459.81 | 457.26 | 450.16 | 459.66 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the increase of sleep related recovery scores over the course of the treatment.~Measured with a daily online diary. Sleep related recovery was rated by participants on an 11-point scale (0-10; not at all to very) and monitored throughout the wash-out phase (Week 1 and 2) and the subsequent treatment phase (weeks 3-7). High scores indicate a high recovery.~Efficacy is defined as an increase, or (in case of a general decrease) reduced decrease for the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group and operationalized as the interaction between time and treatment group. Time is coded as a continuous variable with one value for each day and participant. Summary measures for sleep related recovery for the averaged ratings per participant and week." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Daily for 2 weeks before treatment intake and 5 weeks during treatment intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (run-in) | Week 2 (run-in) | Week 3 (treatment) | Week 4 (treatment) | Week 5 (treatment) | Week 6 (treatment) | Week 7 (treatment) | |
| Lpc-37 | 6.71 | 7.07 | 7.32 | 7.30 | 7.36 | 7.42 | 7.31 |
| Placebo | 6.91 | 7.15 | 7.27 | 7.29 | 7.36 | 7.10 | 7.28 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of STAI-State scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, scale anxiety as a temporary emotional state (STAI-X1). Answers are given on a four-point rating scale ranging from 1=not at all to 4=very true. The score range is 20-80; Higher scores indicate more anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -10min | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 36.09 | 42.38 |
| Placebo | 36.83 | 43.60 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of the systolic BP in response to the TSST compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 3 minutes before the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -3min | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 115.11 | 127.47 |
| Placebo | 114.33 | 129.19 |
Efficacy was defined as a lower increase in HR in response to the TSST following intervention with Lpc-37, compared to placebo. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Continuous measurement starting 20 minutes before and ending 20 minutes after the TSST after 5 weeks of product intake. Mean values were calculated per group at seven-time windows before, during and after the TSST
| Intervention | bpm (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -20min | Pre-TSST -10min | Pre-TSST -3min | during TSST (Interview) | during TSST (Arithmetic) | Post-TSST +10min | Post-TSST +20min | |
| Lpc-37 | 74.84 | 88.15 | 97.34 | 107.56 | 102.77 | 93.32 | 75.88 |
| Placebo | 74.34 | 86.69 | 97.62 | 105.66 | 100.81 | 90.81 | 74.97 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS anxiety scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -10min | Interview TSST (during) | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 6.80 | 20.85 | 10.68 |
| Placebo | 8.50 | 22.47 | 11.74 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS exhaustion scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater exhaustion." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -10min | Interview TSST (during) | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 21.18 | 19.20 | 22.12 |
| Placebo | 19.79 | 21.30 | 25.68 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS insecurity scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater insecurity." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -10min | Interview TSST (during) | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 14.47 | 45.08 | 23.92 |
| Placebo | 17.19 | 52.19 | 23.69 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on reduction of the increase of VAS Stress perception scores in response to the TSST compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: 10 minutes before the TSST, during the TSST and 1 minute after the TSST after 5 weeks of study product intake
| Intervention | score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-TSST -10min | Interview TSST (during) | Post-TSST +1min | |
| Lpc-37 | 19.89 | 47.71 | 31.72 |
| Placebo | 18.52 | 51.51 | 32.85 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory as a self-rating scale designed to measure anxiety. It comprises 21 sentences describing feelings that can occur when being anxious. These sentences are rated on a four-point rating scale ranging from 0=not at all to 3=severely, considering the last 7 days. The score range is 0-63; Higher scores indicate higher anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 5.51 | 4.75 |
| Placebo | 5.85 | 6.33 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) anxiety scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The items are 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 36, 40, 41 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 2.60 | 2.44 |
| Placebo | 3.07 | 3.45 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) depression scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The Depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest/involvement, anhedonia, and inertia. The items are 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 31, 34, 37, 38, 42 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 4.60 | 4.15 |
| Placebo | 5.21 | 5.10 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) stress scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the DASS as a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week. The DASS includes three scales (depression, anxiety and stress) of which each scale includes 14 items that are divided into subscales of 2-5 items of similar content.~Items are answered on a four point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 3 = very much. Scores of each scale are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.~The stress scale (items) is sensitive to levels of chronic non-specific arousal.The stress scale items are 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18, 22, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 39 and individual scores can range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating greater severity of the symptoms." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 9.76 | 8.91 |
| Placebo | 9.41 | 10.09 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of diastolic BP. (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 71.89 | 73.18 |
| Placebo | 71.68 | 74.62 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the PSS as a psychological instrument for measuring stress perception. It assesses how unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloaded participants perceived their lives to have been within the last month. The PSS comprises 14 items that are answered on a five-point rating scale ranging from 0 = never to 4 = very often. Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 56 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 21.89 | 20.49 |
| Placebo | 20.72 | 21.56 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI)-state scores compared to placebo.~Measured with the german version of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, scale anxiety as a temporary emotional state (STAI-X1). Answers are given on a four-point rating scale ranging from 1=not at all to 4=very true. The score range is 20-80; Higher scores indicate more anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 33.65 | 35.18 |
| Placebo | 34.33 | 35.33 |
Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of systolic blood pressure (BP). (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 119.60 | 121.87 |
| Placebo | 119.66 | 122.86 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS anxiety scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater anxiety." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 7.29 | 9.26 |
| Placebo | 7.58 | 7.85 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS exhaustion scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater exhaustion." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 29.56 | 24.66 |
| Placebo | 23.19 | 18.45 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of VAS insecurity scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating greater insecurity." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 13.58 | 16.44 |
| Placebo | 15.91 | 17.30 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) stress perception scores compared to placebo.~Measured with a german version of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a 10cm bipolar scale ranging from not at all to highly. The participant indicated his/her actual perception by placing a mark on a line. VAS scores were obtained by using a ruler and measuring the position of the participants's mark with millimeter precision. To control for possible variations due to printing, the total length of the line was also measured and percentage scores for each participant were computed. Percentage scores range from 0-100. Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Before and after 5 weeks of study product intake.
| Intervention | score (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Lpc-37 | 19.11 | 23.32 |
| Placebo | 19.34 | 20.67 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of cortisol at 8 pm values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment~Efficacy for the CAR variable cortisol at 8 pm is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake
| Intervention | number of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (<25% quantile) | Baseline (25% - 75% quantile) | Baseline (>75% quantile) | End of Study (<25% quantile) | End of Study (25% - 75% quantile) | End of Study (>75% quantile) | |
| Lpc-37 | 4 | 20 | 29 | 3 | 28 | 22 |
| Placebo | 6 | 23 | 26 | 7 | 18 | 30 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment.~The CAR is summarized in the variables AUCg, AUCi, mean increase and peak value. These cortisol indices are frequently used to describe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and represent information either of the total cortisol production or of the change in cortisol levels. AUCg is the total area under the curve of all measurements (i.e., the intensity or magnitude of the response).~Efficacy for the CAR variables AUCg is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)
| Intervention | number of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (<25% quantile) | Baseline (25% - 75% quantile) | Baseline (>75% quantile) | End of Study (<25% quantile) | End of Study (25% - 75% quantile) | End of Study (>75% quantile) | |
| Lpc-37 | 6 | 36 | 11 | 11 | 28 | 14 |
| Placebo | 12 | 30 | 13 | 7 | 35 | 13 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of Cortisol at Awakening values to the respective mean before and after 5 weeks of treatment~Efficacy for the CAR variable cortisol at awakening is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)
| Intervention | number of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (<25% quantile) | Baseline (25% - 75% quantile) | Baseline (>75% quantile) | End of Study (<25% quantile) | End of Study (25% - 75% quantile) | End of Study (>75% quantile) | |
| Lpc-37 | 14 | 31 | 8 | 19 | 26 | 8 |
| Placebo | 16 | 26 | 13 | 12 | 34 | 9 |
"Efficacy of the intake of Lpc-37 on the reduction of the difference of CAR area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi) values to the respective mean before and after the treatment.~The CAR is summarized in the variables AUCg, AUCi, mean increase and peak value. These cortisol indices are frequently used to describe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and represent information either of the total cortisol production or of the change in cortisol levels. AUCi is calculated with reference to the baseline measurement and it ignores the distance from zero for all measurements and emphasizes the changes over time. Efficacy for the CAR variables AUCi is defined in terms of a normalization: Number of participants with normal values (between first and third quantile of reference measures) and numbers of participants with low or high values are compared before treatment and after treatment. More participants in the normal range after treatment is defined as efficacy." (NCT03494725)
Timeframe: Baseline (average of 2 days before first product intake) and end of study (average of 2 days before last product intake)
| Intervention | number of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (<25% quantile) | Baseline (25% - 75% quantile) | Baseline (>75% quantile) | End of Study (<25% quantile) | End of Study (25% - 75% quantile) | End of Study (>75% quantile) | |
| Lpc-37 | 16 | 34 | 3 | 15 | 34 | 4 |
| Placebo | 22 | 28 | 5 | 15 | 36 | 4 |
38 reviews available for kynurenine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill.
Topics: Critical Illness; Delirium; Depression; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; | 2021 |
COVID-19, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in the Depression Route.
Topics: COVID-19; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Infl | 2022 |
Tryptophan Metabolism in Depression: A Narrative Review with a Focus on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Serotonin; Tryptophan | 2022 |
Neuroprotective Natural Products' Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut-Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan.
Topics: Biological Products; Brain-Gut Axis; Depression; Kynurenine; Neuroprotective Agents; Serotonin; Tryp | 2022 |
Role of gut microbiota in depression: Understanding molecular pathways, recent research, and future direction.
Topics: Depression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Histones; Humans; Kynurenine; Probiotics; RNA, Untranslated | 2023 |
The role and mechanism of tryptophan - kynurenine metabolic pathway in depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Metabolic Networks and Pat | 2023 |
The Interrelation between Oxidative Stress, Depression and Inflammation through the Kynurenine Pathway.
Topics: Cytokines; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Oxidative Stress; Tryptophan | 2023 |
Effects of exercise training on inflammatory, neurotrophic and immunological markers and neurotransmitters in people with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Ma | 2023 |
Kynurenine pathway metabolites modulated the comorbidity of IBD and depressive symptoms through the immune response.
Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Comorbidity; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2023 |
A unified model of the biology of peripartum depression.
Topics: Biology; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Female; Human | 2023 |
The kynurenine pathway in major depressive disorder under different disease states: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Quinolinic A | 2023 |
Microbiome and Mental Health, Specifically as It Relates to Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Depression; Diet, Healthy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypop | 2019 |
Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Depression; Fatigue; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Ky | 2020 |
The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Pain; Depression; Headache; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenas | 2020 |
Effect of immune activation on the kynurenine pathway and depression symptoms - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Prospective Studies; Tryptophan | 2020 |
The kynurenine pathway in major depression: What we know and where to next.
Topics: Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenine | 2021 |
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Links between the Endocannabinoid System and the Kynurenine Pathway in Depression.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Depression; Disease Susceptibility; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Inflam | 2021 |
Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2021 |
Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Gut Axis; Depression; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Inf | 2021 |
Kynurenines: Tryptophan's metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health.
Topics: Brain; Depression; Exercise; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Inflammati | 2017 |
Inflammation-induced depression: Its pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Serotonin; Tryptophan | 2017 |
Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as Well as the Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in Depressive Disorders.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Disease Progressio | 2017 |
The role of tryptophan metabolism in postpartum depression.
Topics: Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Quinolin | 2018 |
Kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Quinolinic Acid | 2018 |
A new theory of depression based on the serotonin/kynurenine relationship and the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Brain; Cytokines; Depression; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; | 2018 |
Inflammation in cancer and depression: a starring role for the kynurenine pathway.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Humans; Immunotherapy; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Infl | 2019 |
Serotonin-kynurenine hypothesis of depression: historical overview and recent developments.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Cognition; Depression; Drug Design; Emotions; History, 20th C | 2013 |
The common inflammatory etiology of depression and cognitive impairment: a therapeutic target.
Topics: Animals; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Signal Transduction; Try | 2014 |
[Depression and inflammation in rheumatic diseases].
Topics: Cytokines; Depression; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; | 2016 |
What is the mechanism of Ketamine's rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large number of possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depression; Electroconvulsive The | 2017 |
What is the mechanism of Ketamine's rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large number of possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depression; Electroconvulsive The | 2017 |
What is the mechanism of Ketamine's rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large number of possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depression; Electroconvulsive The | 2017 |
What is the mechanism of Ketamine's rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large number of possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depression; Electroconvulsive The | 2017 |
Inflammation-associated depression: from serotonin to kynurenine.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Models, Bi | 2011 |
Kynurenines in cognitive functions: their possible role in depression.
Topics: Cognition; Depression; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenine; Signal Transduction | 2012 |
A biological substrate for somatoform disorders: importance of pathophysiology.
Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Brain; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatigue; Inflammation Med | 2007 |
A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain; Cytokines; Depression; Depressive Disord | 2008 |
Metabolism of indole amines in depression.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Depression; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hydroxyindol | 1976 |
Biogenic amines and depression. The potential value of biochemical parameters in the diagnosis and medication of affective disorders.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Biogenic Amines; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydroxyindoleac | 1976 |
Kynurenines as probable participants of depression.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Depression; D | 1973 |
Tryptophan pyrrolase--a biochemical factor in depressive illness?
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cats; Depression; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Pituit | 1969 |
8 trials available for kynurenine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Exercise-mediated improvement of depression in patients with gastro-esophageal junction cancer is linked to kynurenine metabolism.
Topics: Aged; Anxiety; Depression; Exercise; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; | 2019 |
Kynurenine metabolism and inflammation-induced depressed mood: A human experimental study.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Cytokines; Depression; Endotoxins; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Kynur | 2019 |
Kynurenine metabolites and inflammation markers in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or counselling.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Counseling; Depression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2009 |
Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Ky | 2002 |
Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Fem | 2003 |
IDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: a shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicity.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Dioxygenases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Immunother | 2005 |
The effect of antidepressant drugs on plasma kynurenine in depressed patients.
Topics: Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Female; Human | 1978 |
Tryptophan-nicotinamide, imipramine and their combination in depression. A controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; | 1979 |
152 other studies available for kynurenine and Depression
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Metabolomic changes in animal models of depression: a systematic analysis.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Kynurenine; Metabolomics; Models, Animal; Reproducibility of Results | 2021 |
Kynurenines increase MRS metabolites in basal ganglia and decrease resting-state connectivity in frontostriatal reward circuitry in depression.
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectr | 2021 |
Young Plasma Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Aged Rats Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress by Suppressing Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enzyme and Kynurenine Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Indoleamine-Pyrrole | 2022 |
Metabolite trajectories across the perinatal period and mental health: A preliminary study of tryptophan-related metabolites, bile acids and microbial composition.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Bile Acids and Salts; Chromatography, Liquid; Depression; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids | 2022 |
Role of
Topics: Adult; Affect; Bifidobacterium; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Middle Aged; Probiotics | 2023 |
Peripheral and central kynurenine pathway abnormalities in major depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Quinolinic Acid | 2022 |
Association between the indole pathway of tryptophan metabolism and subclinical depressive symptoms in obesity: a preliminary study.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Depression; Humans; Indoles; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Obesity; Tryptophan | 2022 |
Alterations in the kynurenine pathway and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 in depression with and without psychosis: Evidence of a potential astrocyte pathology.
Topics: Astrocytes; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Psychotic Di | 2022 |
Cytokines and tryptophan metabolites can predict depressive symptoms in pregnancy.
Topics: Cytokines; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Pregnancy; Tryptophan | 2022 |
Blood versus cerebrospinal fluid: Kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression.
Topics: Depression; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2022 |
Effects of pharmacological treatment on metabolomic alterations in animal models of depression.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Glucose; Inositol; Kynurenine; Lactic Acid; Models, Animal; Serotonin; Tryptoph | 2022 |
Changes in the metabolites of cerebrospinal fluid induced by rTMS in treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Humans; Kynurenine; Pilot Projects; Prefrontal | 2022 |
Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Kelch | 2022 |
Psychological outcomes of COVID-19 survivors at sixth months after diagnose: the role of kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression, anxiety, and stress.
Topics: Anxiety; Biomarkers; COVID-19; Depression; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Survivors; Tryptophan | 2022 |
Tryptophan intake is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study.
Topics: Calcium; Child; Child Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapent | 2022 |
Involvement of kynurenine pathway and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of vilazodone in the tail suspension test in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Hindlimb Suspension; Ketamine; Kynurenine; Mice; Quinoli | 2022 |
Soy isoflavones alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior by suppressing neuroinflammation, mediating tryptophan metabolism and promoting synaptic plasticity.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Antioxidants; Cytokines; Depression; Estro | 2022 |
Involvement of the gut-brain axis in vascular depression via tryptophan metabolism: A benefit of short chain fatty acids.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Gut Axis; Cytokines; Depression; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Kynurenine; Rats; Serotonin; | 2022 |
IDO1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Depression.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenine; Mice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; T | 2022 |
The Tryptophan Catabolite or Kynurenine Pathway's Role in Major Depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2022 |
A kynurenine pathway enzyme aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase may be involved in treatment-resistant depression, and baseline inflammation status of patients predicts treatment response: a pilot study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; | 2022 |
Involvement of kynurenine pathway between inflammation and glutamate in the underlying etiopathology of CUMS-induced depression mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; In | 2022 |
The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Comorbidity; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inter | 2023 |
The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Comorbidity; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inter | 2023 |
The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Comorbidity; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inter | 2023 |
The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Comorbidity; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inter | 2023 |
Alpha-Asarone modulates kynurenine disposal in muscle and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression via PGC-1α induction.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Kynurenine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle, Skeletal; | 2023 |
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase is responsible for low stress tolerance after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Depression; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenine; Mice; Se | 2023 |
PCSK9 Inhibition Reduces Depressive like Behavior in CUMS-Exposed Rats: Highlights on HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 Pathway, NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex and IDO-1.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Dioxygenases; Disease Models, Animal; HMGB1 Protein; Inf | 2023 |
Rifaximin ameliorates depression-like behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats by regulating intestinal microbiota and hippocampal tryptophan metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hippocampus; Kynurenine; Rats; Rifaximin; Serotoni | 2023 |
Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids, Neutral; Depression; Diet; Humans; Kynurenine; Serotonin; Tryptophan | 2023 |
Whey protein isolate attenuates depression-like behavior developed in a mouse model of breast tumor.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Depression; Female; Kynurenine; Mice; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Whey Prot | 2023 |
Microbiome and tryptophan metabolomics analysis in adolescent depression: roles of the gut microbiota in the regulation of tryptophan-derived neurotransmitters and behaviors in human and mice.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Coleoptera; Depression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kynurenine; Metabo | 2023 |
Kynurenine pathway and suicidal ideation in treatment-resistant depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Humans; Kynurenine; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide | 2023 |
A mood state-specific interaction between kynurenine metabolism and inflammation is present in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; C-Reactive Protein; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflamm | 2020 |
Physical exercise prevents mice from L-Kynurenine-induced depression-like behavior.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Exercise; Humans; Kynurenine; Lysine | 2020 |
Associations among peripheral and central kynurenine pathway metabolites and inflammation in depression.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2020 |
Depressive-like phenotype evoked by lifelong nutritional omega-3 deficiency in female rats: Crosstalk among kynurenine, Toll-like receptors and amyloid beta oligomers.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Depression; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Sy | 2020 |
Homeostasis Imbalance of Microglia and Astrocytes Leads to Alteration in the Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway in LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Mice.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Homeostasis; Kynurenine; Lipopolysaccharides; Mal | 2020 |
Thymoquinone Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Demonstrated Antidepressant-Like Activity in Rats via Indoleamine 2, 3- Dioxygenase Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior Observation Techniques; Behavior, Animal; Benzoquinones; De | 2020 |
Kynurenine regulates NLRP2 inflammasome in astrocytes and its implications in depression.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Astrocytes; Caspase 1; | 2020 |
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the kynurenine pathway in stroke patients.
Topics: Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Psychiatric Status Ra | 2020 |
Involvement of kynurenine pathway in depressive-like behaviour induced by nandrolone decanoate in mice.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corpus Striatum; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2020 |
Serum Kynurenines Correlate With Depressive Symptoms and Disability in Poststroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Functional Status; H | 2020 |
Early life stress from allergic dermatitis causes depressive-like behaviors in adolescent male mice through neuroinflammatory priming.
Topics: Adverse Childhood Experiences; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Depression; Dermatitis; | 2020 |
Early and late behavioral consequences of ethanol withdrawal: focus on brain indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Depression; Ethanol; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenine; Male | 2021 |
Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Female; Humans | 2020 |
The role of anthranilic acid in the increase of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder during treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α2a and oral ribavirin.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; He | 2021 |
Alterations in the Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Are Associated With Depression in People Living With HIV.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Mi | 2021 |
Basal myokine levels are associated with quality of life and depressed mood in older adults.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Athletes; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Case-Control Studies; Cathepsin B; D | 2021 |
Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Cell Line; Depression; Kynurenine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle, Skelet | 2021 |
The changes in kynurenine metabolites induced by rTMS in treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Humans; Kynurenine; Pilot Projects; Transcrani | 2021 |
A model of dopamine and serotonin-kynurenine metabolism in cortisolemia: Implications for depression.
Topics: Depression; Dopamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kynurenine; Models, Biological; Serotonin | 2021 |
Sublingual AKBA Exerts Antidepressant Effects in the Aβ-Treated Mouse Model.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Depression; Disease Models, Anima | 2021 |
Dietary EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Chronic Stress and LPS-Induced Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behavior by Regulating Immunity and Neuroinflammation.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Corticosterone; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Eicos | 2021 |
The association between plasma tryptophan catabolites and depression: The role of symptom profiles and inflammation.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Tryptophan | 2021 |
Effect of lacosamide on neuroinflammation-mediated seizures comorbid with depression in C57BL/6 mice- Role of kynurenine pathway.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Lacosamide; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Seizures | 2021 |
Association between psychological measures with inflammatory anddisease-related markers of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Colon; Depression; Femal | 2017 |
Tryptophan and Kynurenine Levels and Its Association With Sleep, Nonphysical Fatigue, and Depression in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Fatigue; Fe | 2017 |
Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis.
Topics: Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Bipolar Disorder; Corpus Striatum; Cytokines; Depression; Dep | 2017 |
Rescue of IL-1β-induced reduction of human neurogenesis by omega-3 fatty acids and antidepressants.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cell Culture Techniques; Cytokines; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; D | 2017 |
Activation of Brain Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase Contributes to Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by an Intracerebroventricular Injection of Streptozotocin in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3, | 2017 |
The association between the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and tryptophan metabolism in persons with recurrent major depressive disorder and healthy controls.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Depressive Disorder, | 2017 |
Sleep disturbance and kynurenine metabolism in depression.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Quinolinic Acid; Sleep Wake Dis | 2017 |
Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; M | 2018 |
Activation of indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase pathway by olanzapine augments antidepressant effects of venlafaxine in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Depression; Depressive Disord | 2017 |
Assessment of tryptophan metabolism and signs of depression in individuals with carbohydrate malabsorption.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Fructose; Fructose Int | 2018 |
Chronic trans-astaxanthin treatment exerts antihyperalgesic effect and corrects co-morbid depressive like behaviors in mice with chronic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Pain; Cytokines; Depression; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid | 2018 |
Regulation of proinflammatory monocyte activation by the kynurenine-AhR axis underlies immunometabolic control of depressive behavior in mice.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Depre | 2018 |
HMGB1 mediates depressive behavior induced by chronic stress through activating the kynurenine pathway.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Hippocampus; HMGB1 Protein; Hydrolases; Indoleamine-Pyrrol | 2018 |
Regulation of the kynurenine metabolism pathway by Xiaoyao San and the underlying effect in the hippocampus of the depressed rat.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cyclic AMP Resp | 2018 |
Changes in the tryptophan-kynurenine axis in association to therapeutic response in clinically depressed patients undergoing psychiatric rehabilitation.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Combined Modality Therapy; Depression; Femal | 2018 |
Psychosocial stress and inflammation driving tryptophan breakdown in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts.
Topics: Adolescent; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Depressio | 2018 |
Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid and two monoamines in rat plasma by HPLC-ECD/DAD.
Topics: Amino Acids, Essential; Animals; Boron; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid | 2018 |
Leucine competes with kynurenine for blood-to-brain transport and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System y+L; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barri | 2019 |
Alterations in the metabolism of tryptophan in patients with chronic hepatitis C six months after pegylated interferon-α 2a treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; | 2018 |
Disruption of microglia histone acetylation and protein pathways in mice exhibiting inflammation-associated depression-like symptoms.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Histones; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxyge | 2018 |
Naringenin protects against oxido-inflammatory aberrations and altered tryptophan metabolism in olfactory bulbectomized-mice model of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Behavior, Animal; Brain Ch | 2018 |
A step ahead: Exploring the gut microbiota in inpatients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depressive | 2019 |
Exercise Your Kynurenines to Fight Depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Exercise; Humans; Kynurenine; Muscle, Skeletal | 2018 |
Kynurenine pathway changes in late-life depression with memory deficit.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Mass | 2018 |
Antidepressant effect of repeated ketamine administration on kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; China; Chromatography, | 2018 |
Ketamine and depression: A special kase for kynurenic acid?
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; K | 2019 |
Cross-sectional relationship between kynurenine pathway metabolites and cognitive function in major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder, | 2019 |
Curcumin relieves depressive-like behaviors via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and kynurenine pathway in rats suffering from chronic unpredictable mild stress.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Cells, Cultured; Curcuma | 2019 |
How acute and chronic physical disease may influence mental health - An Analysis of neurotransmitter precursor amino acid levels.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Anxiety Disorders; C-Reactive Protein; Chronic Disease; Dep | 2019 |
Inflammation associated with chronic heart failure leads to enhanced susceptibility to depression.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Depression; Heart Failure; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Syste | 2019 |
Impact of physical exercise on the kynurenine pathway in patients with cancer: current limitations and future perspectives.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Exercise; Humans; Kynurenine; Neoplasms | 2019 |
Fr‑HMGB1 and ds‑HMGB1 activate the kynurenine pathway via different mechanisms in association with depressive‑like behavior.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Disulfides; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent | 2019 |
Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Action of Honokiol on the Mouse Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Depression Model.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Autonomic Nervous System; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Calcium; Cytoki | 2019 |
Changes in tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum periods: Potential involvement in postpartum depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Postpartum Period; Preg | 2019 |
Interaction of the immune-inflammatory and the kynurenine pathways in rats resistant to antidepressant treatment in model of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Cortex; Cytokines; De | 2019 |
Development of an underivatized LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 14 neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus, plasma and urine: Application to CUMS induced depression rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Glutam | 2019 |
Differences in Kynurenine Metabolism During Depressive, Manic, and Euthymic Phases of Bipolar Affective Disorder.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders | 2020 |
Aging leads to prolonged duration of inflammation-induced depression-like behavior caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
Topics: Aging; Anhedonia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Depression; Hindlimb Susp | 2013 |
C-reactive protein predicts fatigue independently of depression in breast cancer patients prior to chemotherapy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; C-Reactive Protein; Cytokines; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; In | 2013 |
Exercise affects symptom severity but not biological measures in depression and somatization - results on IL-6, neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine and 5-HIAA.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Interle | 2013 |
Reversal of the Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism may improve depression in ART-treated HIV-infected Ugandans.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Depression; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Indoleamin | 2014 |
A biological basis for depression in pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Affect; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Lymphatic M | 2014 |
Lipopolysaccharide-induced brain activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and depressive-like behavior are impaired in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activation; Indoleamine | 2014 |
Activation of the kynurenine pathway in the acute phase of stroke and its role in fatigue and depression following stroke.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Fatigu | 2014 |
Does tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway mediate the association between pro-inflammatory immune activity and depressive symptoms?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Human | 2014 |
Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Depression; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynuren | 2014 |
Lipopolysaccharide repeated challenge followed by chronic mild stress protocol introduces a combined model of depression in rats: reversibility by imipramine and pentoxifylline.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Behavior, Animal; Corticosterone; Depression; Disease Mod | 2014 |
Muscle over mind.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Muscle, Skeletal; Stress, Psychological; Transcription Fact | 2014 |
Strong muscles, strong mind.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Exercise; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Mice; | 2014 |
The relationship of alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms to tryptophan metabolism: cross-sectional data from a Nepalese alcohol treatment sample.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; K | 2015 |
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism mediates inflammation-induced deficit in recognition memory.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Depression; Encephalitis; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenine; Lipo | 2015 |
Kynurenine pathway (KP) inhibitors: Novel agents for the management of depression.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Depression; Female; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Interferon-alpha; Kynuren | 2015 |
A biopsychosocial model of fatigue and depression following stroke.
Topics: Acute Disease; Brain Ischemia; Cytokines; Depression; Fatigue; Humans; Immune System; Kynurenine; Mo | 2015 |
Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase/Kynurenine Pathway as a Potential Pharmacological Target to Treat Depression Associated with Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Depression; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Mast cells' involvement in inflammation pathways linked to depression: evidence in mastocytosis.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflam | 2016 |
Inflammation, immunology, stress and depression: a role for kynurenine metabolism in physical exercise and skeletal muscle.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Exercise; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Muscle, Skeletal; Stres | 2016 |
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase mediates neurobehavioral alterations induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 peptide in mice.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Hippo | 2016 |
The role of tryptophan degradation in the association between inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms in chronic dialysis patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Depression; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Inciden | 2017 |
Augmentation of antidepressant effects of venlafaxine by agomelatine in mice are independent of kynurenine pathway.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Drug Synergism; Female; Hindlimb Suspension; | 2016 |
Depressive symptoms as a side effect of Interferon-α therapy induced by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Enzyme Induction; Female; Frontal Lobe; Hepatitis C, Chronic; | 2016 |
Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Depressio | 2016 |
Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Depressio | 2016 |
Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Depressio | 2016 |
Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Depressio | 2016 |
Acute single dose of ketamine relieves mechanical allodynia and consequent depression-like behaviors in a rat model.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Freund's Adjuv | 2016 |
A Simple HPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Tryptophan, Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in Human Serum and its Potential for Monitoring Antidepressant Therapy.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Drug | 2017 |
Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Female; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Lipo | 2016 |
Chronic Treatment with the IDO1 Inhibitor 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan Minimizes the Behavioural and Biochemical Abnormalities Induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice - Comparison with Fluoxetine.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Depression; Fluoxetin | 2016 |
Intracerebroventricular Administration of Streptozotocin as an Experimental Approach to Depression: Evidence for the Involvement of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Grooming; Hippocampus; Hydrox | 2017 |
Increased breakdown of kynurenine towards its neurotoxic branch in bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflamm | 2017 |
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation and depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Depression; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dio | 2009 |
The kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression: preliminary findings from a proton MR spectroscopy study.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Choline; Depression; Fem | 2010 |
CSF concentrations of brain tryptophan and kynurenines during immune stimulation with IFN-alpha: relationship to CNS immune responses and depression.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Chemokine CCL2; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytokines; Depression | 2010 |
Potential role of glutamate neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage and of depression. Effects of L-kynurenine on the survival of the hippocampal neurons and on the corticocerebral blood flow in ischemic animal models.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chromatography, High Pressure L | 2010 |
Effects of PEG-interferon alpha plus ribavirin on tryptophan metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepati | 2011 |
Evidence for a key role of the peripheral kynurenine pathway in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviours in mice: focus on individual differences.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Depression; Gyrus Cinguli; Kynurenine; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; | 2011 |
Moderating effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation in the association between depressive symptoms and carotid atherosclerosis: evidence from the Young Finns study.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Artery Diseases; Depression; Dioxygenases; Female; Humans; Indoleami | 2011 |
Peripheral anti-inflammatory effects explain the ginsenosides paradox between poor brain distribution and anti-depression efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Ba | 2011 |
[Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its key metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography with programmed wavelength ultraviolet detection].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Female; H | 2011 |
Sub-chronic dietary tryptophan depletion--an animal model of depression with improved face and good construct validity.
Topics: Aldosterone; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Catecholam | 2012 |
Diagnostic classifications in depression and somatization should include biomarkers, such as disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Depression; Female; Humans; Intern | 2012 |
Development and validation of a single analytical method for the determination of tryptophan, and its kynurenine metabolites in rat plasma.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Animals; Charcoal; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Kynu | 2012 |
Modulatory effects of acupuncture on murine depression-like behavior following chronic systemic inflammation.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chronic | 2012 |
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced persistent microglial activation and depressive-like complications in fractalkine receptor (CX(3)CR1)-deficient mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Depression; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; I | 2013 |
Poly I:C-induced activation of the immune response is accompanied by depression and anxiety-like behaviours, kynurenine pathway activation and reduced BDNF expression.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; CD11b Antigen; Depression; Frontal Lobe; Hippoc | 2013 |
Metabolomic profiles in individuals with negative affectivity and social inhibition: a population-based study of Type D personality.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Androsterone; Anxiety Disorders; Caffeine; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studie | 2013 |
Upregulation of the initiating step of the kynurenine pathway in postmortem anterior cingulate cortex from individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bipolar Disorder; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Demography; Dep | 2006 |
Low serum tryptophan levels, reduced macrophage IDO activity and high frequency of psychopathology in HCV patients.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2 | 2006 |
Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytokinins; Depression; Disease Mod | 2009 |
Quality of life and immune activation in patients with HIV-infection.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Depress | 2008 |
[Current biochemical conceptions of mental diseases. II. Role of changes in the biogenic amine system in the pathogenesis of affective disorders].
Topics: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; | 1980 |
Degradation of tryptophan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Kynurenine; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Neopterin; Reference Values; Tryptoph | 1999 |
The effect of tryptophan and a tryptophan/5-hydroxytryptophan combination on indoles in the brains of rats fed a tryptophan deficient diet.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Brain; Depression; Diet; Drug Synergism; Hu | 1975 |
Intensification of the central serotoninergic processes as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Depression; Drug Sy | 1969 |
The "kynurenine shunt" and depression.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Amitriptyline; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Humans; Im | 1974 |
Metabolism of tryptophan in depressive disease.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Metabolic C | 1973 |
Oral contraceptives, pyridoxine, and depression.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Contraceptives, Oral; Depression; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; N | 1973 |
Procaine (Gerovital H3) therapy: mechanism of inhibition of monoamine oxidase.
Topics: Aged; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Depression; Humans; Hydrolysis; Iproniazid; Kinetics; Kynurenine; | 1974 |
Tryptophan metabolism in depression.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; ortho-Aminob | 1970 |
[Disturbance of tyrosine and tryptophane metabolism in depression].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Female; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Tryp | 1970 |