kutkin and Malaria

The present study was envisaged to evaluate potential of combination therapy comprising of immunomodulator picroliv and antimalarial chloroquine against drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii) infection in BALB/c mice.. The immunomodulatory potential of picroliv was established by immunizing animals with model antigen along with picroliv. Immune response was assessed using T-cell proliferation assay and also by determining the antibody isotype-profile induced in the immunized mice. In the next set of experiment, prophylactic potential of picroliv to strengthen antimalarial properties of chloroquine against P. yoelii (MDR) infection in BALB/c mice was assessed.. T-cell proliferation as well as antibody production study reveals that picroliv helps in evoking strong immuno-potentiating response against model antigen in the immunized mice. Co-administration of picroliv enhances efficacy of CHQ against experimental murine malaria.. The activation of host immune system can increase the efficacy of chloroquine for suppression of drug resistant malaria infection in BALB/c mice.

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; B7-1 Antigen; B7-2 Antigen; Chloroquine; Cinnamates; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycosides; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Factors; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Malaria; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Plasmodium yoelii; Reactive Oxygen Species; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors; Up-Regulation; Vanillic Acid

Picroliv, an iridoid glycoside mixture from the root and rhizome of Picrorhiza kurrooa, at the dose of 6 mg/kg p.o. for two weeks provided significant protection against the generation of lipid peroxidation products in serum beta-lipoproteins of P. berghei infected M. coucha. Incubation of normal rat hepatocytes with very low density lipoprotein or low density lipoprotein isolated from infected animals caused significant generation of lipid peroxides followed by a decrease in the viability of these cells, however these effects were partially reversed with the lipoproteins from infected and picroliv treated groups. High density lipoprotein from infected animals was not toxic to hepatocytes in vitro.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cinnamates; Glycosides; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL; Malaria; Muridae; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium berghei; Rats; Vanillic Acid

Picroliv, the standardized preparation of iridoid glycosides from Picrorhiza kurrooa, at the dose of 6 mg/kg, po for two weeks provided significant protection against depletion of reduced glutathione levels in liver and brain of Plasmodium berghei infected Mastomys natalensis. The activation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme and decreased levels of cysteine, sulphydryl groups as well as glutathione synthesis in both tissues due to P. berghei infection were reversed by picroliv. Enzymatic and non enzymatic lipid peroxidation in microsomes in vitro was significantly reduced by picroliv along with the recovery of reduced glutathione.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cinnamates; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glycosides; Liver; Malaria; Male; Muridae; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium berghei; Vanillic Acid

Administration of picroliv, the active principle from Picrorhiza kurrooa, at a dose of 6 mg/kg, po for two weeks showed significant protection against changes in liver and brain glutathione metabolism of Plasmodium berghei infected Mastomys natalensis. The depletion of reduced glutathione level and inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities due to P. berghei infection were markedly recovered by picroliv. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation products in damaged tissues were also reduced along with the recovery of glutathione metabolism.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cinnamates; Glutathione; Glycosides; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Malaria; Male; Muridae; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium berghei; Vanillic Acid

Administration of picroliv, a standardized fraction of alcoholic extent of Picrorhiza kurroa (3-12 mg/kg/day for two weeks) simultaneously with P. berghei infection showed significant protection against hepatic damage in Mastomys natalensis. The increased levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, lipoprotein-X (LP-X) and bilirubin in the infected animals were marked reduced by different doses of picroliv. In the liver, picroliv decreased the levels of lipid peroxides and hydroperoxides and facilitated the recovery of superoxide dismutase and glycogen. Picroliv had no effect on the degree of parasitaemia.

Topics: Animals; Cinnamates; Glycosides; Liver Diseases, Parasitic; Malaria; Male; Muridae; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium berghei; Vanillic Acid

Topics: Animals; Cinnamates; Female; Galactosamine; Glycosides; Hydroxybenzoates; Liver Diseases; Malaria; Male; Muridae; Plasmodium berghei; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vanillic Acid