kiss1-protein--human and Hypertrophy

Kisspeptin levels have been reported in children with premature thelarche, precocious puberty and adolescent gynecomastia, but there are no reports on kisspeptin levels in the neonatal period. This study aimed to investigate plasma kisspeptin hormone levels in newborns with and without breast enlargement.. Plasma kisspeptin levels and other related biochemical variables were investigated in this prospective study conducted on 40 (20 girls and 20 boys) newborn infants with breast enlargement and on 40 healthy control infants (20 girls and 20 boys). Two-milliliter venous blood samples were taken in hemogram tubes with K2EDTA. Kisspeptin assays were performed using the enzyme-immunoassay method.. Mean plasma kisspeptin levels were 0.6 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the study group and 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the control group. Plasma kisspeptin concentrations were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.039) and also showed a correlation with serum prolactin levels (p=0.006). Significant correlations were also determined between plasma kisspeptin and luteinizing hormone concentrations (p=0.05, r=0.312).. The findings of this study suggest that plasma kisspeptin and serum prolactin levels may be involved in the physiopathology of breast enlargement in newborns.

Topics: Breast; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Kisspeptins; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prolactin; Prospective Studies

Human menopause is characterized by ovarian failure, gonadotropin hypersecretion, and neuronal hypertrophy in the hypothalamic infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for kisspeptins in reproductive regulation, but it is not known whether menopause is accompanied by changes in hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons.. Our objective was to map the location of neurons expressing kisspeptin gene (KiSS-1) transcripts in the human hypothalamus and determine whether menopause is associated with changes in the size and gene expression of kisspeptin neurons. In monkeys, our objective was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy and hormone replacement on neurons expressing KiSS-1 mRNA in the infundibular nucleus.. Hypothalamic tissues were collected at autopsy from eight premenopausal and nine postmenopausal women and from 42 young cynomolgus monkeys in various endocrine states.. We used hybridization histochemistry, quantitative autoradiography, and computer-assisted microscopy.. Examination of human hypothalamic sections revealed that KiSS-1 neurons were located predominantly in the infundibular nucleus. In the infundibular nucleus of postmenopausal women, there was a significant increase in the size of neurons expressing KiSS-1 mRNA and the number of labeled cells and autoradiographic grains per neuron. Similar to postmenopausal women, ovariectomy induced neuronal hypertrophy and increased KiSS-1 gene expression in the monkey infundibular nucleus. Conversely, in ovariectomized monkeys, estrogen replacement markedly reduced KiSS-1 gene expression.. The cynomolgus monkey experiments provide strong evidence that the increase in KiSS-1 neuronal size and gene expression in postmenopausal women is secondary to ovarian failure. These studies suggest that kisspeptin neurons regulate estrogen negative feedback in the human.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estrogens; Feedback, Physiological; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypertrophy; Kisspeptins; Macaca fascicularis; Middle Aged; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Postmenopause; Progesterone; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Suppressor Proteins