Page last updated: 2024-10-29

ketorolac and Pregnancy

ketorolac has been researched along with Pregnancy in 33 studies

Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.
5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To study the effect of ketorolac, a potent anti-inflammatory medication, on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes when used at the time of oocyte retrieval."7.79The effect of ketorolac on pregnancy rates when used immediately after oocyte retrieval. ( Hurst, BS; Kacemi-Bourhim, L; Marshburn, PB; Matthews, M; Mesen, TB; Norton, HJ; Usadi, RS, 2013)
" Finally, the simultaneous increase in CL and Vss resulted in similar estimates for elimination half-life in both unpaired and paired analysis."6.84Enantiomer-specific ketorolac pharmacokinetics in young women, including pregnancy and postpartum period. ( Allegaert, K; De Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Kulo, A; Maleškić, S; Smits, A; Van Calsteren, K; Van de Velde, M; Verbesselt, R, 2017)
"Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS)."6.77The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination. ( Fechner, A; James, D; Li, D; Roche, NE; Tilak, V, 2012)
" Indomethacin was superior to celecoxib for pain score at rest at 8-12 h and celecoxib + parecoxib, diclofenac, and ketorolac for pain score on movement at 48 h."5.41Comparison of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cesarean section: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Blake, L; Carvalho, B; Carver, AL; Desai, N; Murdoch, I; O'Carroll, JE; Onwochei, DN; Sultan, P, 2023)
"To study the effects of a paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine on perceived pain during first-trimester surgical abortion."5.14Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial. ( Burke, A; Cansino, C; Edelman, A; Jamshidi, R, 2009)
"To study the effect of ketorolac, a potent anti-inflammatory medication, on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes when used at the time of oocyte retrieval."3.79The effect of ketorolac on pregnancy rates when used immediately after oocyte retrieval. ( Hurst, BS; Kacemi-Bourhim, L; Marshburn, PB; Matthews, M; Mesen, TB; Norton, HJ; Usadi, RS, 2013)
" Finally, the simultaneous increase in CL and Vss resulted in similar estimates for elimination half-life in both unpaired and paired analysis."2.84Enantiomer-specific ketorolac pharmacokinetics in young women, including pregnancy and postpartum period. ( Allegaert, K; De Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Kulo, A; Maleškić, S; Smits, A; Van Calsteren, K; Van de Velde, M; Verbesselt, R, 2017)
" These results suggest that administration of NSAIDs into surgical wounds may be an analgesic alternative to higher systemic dosing of NSAIDs."2.78Postoperative subcutaneous instillation of low-dose ketorolac but not hydromorphone reduces wound exudate concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 and improves analgesia following cesarean delivery. ( Angst, MS; Carvalho, B; Lemmens, HJ; Ting, V, 2013)
"Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS)."2.77The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination. ( Fechner, A; James, D; Li, D; Roche, NE; Tilak, V, 2012)
"Morphine was basically used in PCA manner during the 3-day study course; and in Group K patients received an intravenous loading bolus of 30mg ketorolac post-operatively and then 90mg ketorolac combined with morphine in PCA fashion throughout the study course."2.75Comparison of the efficacy of parecoxib versus ketorolac combined with morphine on patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean delivery pain management. ( Cheu, NW; Chuang, FH; Liao, CH; Tan, TD; Wang, YR; Watts, MP; Wong, JO, 2010)
"The ketorolac dose was modified, after six patients had been studied, based on new product information recommending a maximum of 120 mg ketorolac over 24 h."2.70The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery. ( Evans, SF; Paech, MJ; Pavy, TJ, 2001)
"Ketorolac is a potent analgesic agent with antiplatelet properties which is known to cross the placenta."2.66Effect of maternal ketorolac administration of platelet function in the newborn. ( Greer, IA; Johnston, J; Tulloch, I; Walker, JJ, 1988)
"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as part of multimodal analgesia in women undergoing cesarean delivery."1.56Intra-operative ketorolac 15 mg versus 30 mg for analgesia following cesarean delivery: a retrospective study. ( Fuller, M; Habib, AS; Pedro, C; Yurashevich, M, 2020)
" This suggests that postpartum is another specific status in young women that merits focused, compound-specific pharmacokinetic evaluation."1.38The impact of Caesarean delivery on paracetamol and ketorolac pharmacokinetics: a paired analysis. ( Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Devlieger, R; Kulo, A; Smits, A; van Calsteren, K; Verbesselt, R, 2012)

Research

Studies (33)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (3.03)18.7374
1990's7 (21.21)18.2507
2000's5 (15.15)29.6817
2010's14 (42.42)24.3611
2020's6 (18.18)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Indermuhle, P1
Zelko, M1
Mori, C1
Chiu, SH1
Hostage, J1
Kolettis, D1
Sverdlov, D1
Ludgin, J1
Drzymalski, D1
Sweigart, B1
Mhatre, M1
House, M1
Murdoch, I1
Carver, AL1
Sultan, P1
O'Carroll, JE1
Blake, L1
Carvalho, B2
Onwochei, DN1
Desai, N1
Barney, EZ1
Pedro, CD2
Gamez, BH1
Fuller, ME1
Dominguez, JE1
Habib, AS3
Yurashevich, M2
Pedro, C1
Fuller, M2
Herbert, KA1
Bordlee, JW1
Beakley, BD1
Mody, R1
McConville, AP1
Weed, JT1
McClure, BP1
Foldes, PJ1
Ma, JG1
Kaye, AD1
Eskander, JP1
Wagner-Kovacec, J1
Povalej-Brzan, P1
Mekis, D1
Wilson, SH1
Wolf, BJ1
Robinson, SM1
Nelson, C1
Hebbar, L1
Shah, TH1
Rubenstein, AR1
Kosik, ES1
Heimbach, SW1
Madamangalam, AS1
Barnhart, ML1
Rosenbaum, K1
Hadley, EE1
Monsivais, L1
Pacheco, L1
Babazade, R1
Chiossi, G1
Ramirez, Y1
Ellis, V1
Simon, M1
Saade, GR1
Costantine, M1
Fay, EE1
Hitti, JE1
Delgado, CM1
Savitsky, LM1
Mills, EB1
Slater, JL1
Bollag, LA1
Mesen, TB1
Kacemi-Bourhim, L1
Marshburn, PB1
Usadi, RS1
Matthews, M1
Norton, HJ1
Hurst, BS1
Singh, SI1
Rehou, S1
Marmai, KL1
Jones, APM1
Kulo, A2
Smits, A2
Maleškić, S1
Van de Velde, M1
Van Calsteren, K2
De Hoon, J2
Verbesselt, R2
Deprest, J1
Allegaert, K2
El-Tahan, MR2
Warda, OM2
Yasseen, AM2
Matter, MK2
Cansino, C1
Edelman, A1
Burke, A1
Jamshidi, R1
Wong, JO1
Tan, TD1
Cheu, NW1
Wang, YR1
Liao, CH1
Chuang, FH1
Watts, MP1
Roche, NE1
Li, D1
James, D1
Fechner, A1
Tilak, V1
Devlieger, R1
Lemmens, HJ1
Ting, V1
Angst, MS1
Magnani, E1
Corosu, R1
Mancino, P1
Borgia, ML1
Attallah, MM1
Tzeng, JI1
Mok, MS1
Gin, T1
Kan, AF1
Lam, KK1
O'Meara, ME1
Laifer, SA2
Rauk, PN2
Ho, ML1
Chang, JK1
Chuang, LY1
Hsu, HK1
Wang, GJ1
Matambo, J1
Moodley, J1
Chigumadzi, P1
Pavy, TJ1
Paech, MJ1
Evans, SF1
Walker, JJ2
Johnston, J2
Fairlie, FM1
Lloyd, J1
Bullingham, R1
Greer, IA1
Tulloch, I1

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Impact of Local Anesthetic Wound Infiltration on Postoperative Pain Following Cesarean Delivery[NCT02829944]Phase 484 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Intravenous Versus Oral Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain Control After Cesarean Delivery[NCT02487303]148 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-17Completed
Multimodal Pain Management for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Control Trial[NCT02922985]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
The Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for Cesarean Section on Neonatal Blood Glucose - A Randomized Equivalency Trial[NCT05081804]216 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-20Recruiting
Improving Pain Perceptions After Initiating a Delivery Application[NCT04822493]83 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-01Completed
A Randomized Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial Assessing Ketorolac (Toradol) at Oocyte Retrieval[NCT06026553]Phase 1400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-10Recruiting
Effect of Low-dose Epidural Morphine Combined With Single-injection Femoral Nerve Block on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty[NCT03203967]110 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-01Completed
Paracervical Block for Pain Control During Osmotic Dilator Placement: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02354092]14 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-02Terminated
Paracervical Block With Ketorolac and Lidocaine in First Trimester Surgical Abortions[NCT00617097]Phase 2/Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Pain Control for Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized, Double Blind Control Trial of Ketorolac Prior to Intrauterine Device Placement.[NCT01664559]67 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
Pain Control for Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Paracervical Block[NCT02219308]67 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of IV Ketorolac on Platelet Function Post-Cesarean Delivery[NCT03805607]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-18Active, not recruiting
Effect of Single Intravenous Ketamine Dose on Postoperative Pain Following Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial.[NCT03018301]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Control Trial of Ketorolac Versus Placebo on Opioid Analgesic Use, Estimated Blood Loss and Complications Following Cesarean Delivery With Epidural Morphine[NCT02509312]Phase 470 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Number of Subjects Experiencing Nausea

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 2 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo14
Ropivacaine12

Number of Subjects Experiencing Nausea

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo9
Ropivacaine7

Number of Subjects Experiencing Nausea

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo4
Ropivacaine1

Number of Subjects Experiencing Pruritus

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo4
Ropivacaine5.5

Number of Subjects Experiencing Pruritus

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Placebo3.5
Ropivacaine4

Number of Subjects Experiencing Pruritus

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Placebo0
Ropivacaine0

Number of Subjects Experiencing Vomiting

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 2 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo7
Ropivacaine8

Number of Subjects Experiencing Vomiting

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo4
Ropivacaine4

Number of Subjects Experiencing Vomiting

Asking patients whether or not they experienced the symptom in the preceding time-frame (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo1
Ropivacaine0

Number of Subjects With Chronic Pain

Phone interview asking patient about presence of pain at incision site (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo0
Ropivacaine0

Number of Subjects With Chronic Pain

Phone interview asking patient about presence of pain at incision site (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo3
Ropivacaine3

Opioid Consumption

measured in mg oxycodone equivalents (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Interventionmg Oxycodone Equivalent (Median)
Placebo0
Ropivacaine0

Opioid Consumption

measured in mg oxycodone equivalents (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionmg Oxycodone Equivalent (Median)
Placebo5
Ropivacaine5

Opioid Consumption

measured in mg oxycodone equivalents (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionmg Oxycodone Equivalent (Mean)
Placebo20
Ropivacaine10

Pain Score on Movement

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours after surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo5.5
Ropivacaine5

Pain Score on Movement (Sitting in Bed From a Supine Position)

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours after surgery

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo5
Ropivacaine5

Pain Scores at Rest

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo2
Ropivacaine0

Pain Scores at Rest

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Placebo2
Ropivacaine2

Pain Scores at Rest

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo2
Ropivacaine2

Patient Satisfaction With Postoperative Analgesia on a 0-10 Scale

Score reported on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being not at all satisfied and 10 being completely satisfied (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo9.5
Ropivacaine8

Postpartum Depression, as Measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Patients contacted over the phone completed screening with the EPDS, on a scale of 0-30. A score of over 13 indicate risk for postpartum depression (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo3
Ropivacaine1

Postpartum Depression, as Measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Patients contacted over the phone completed screening with the EPDS, on a scale of 0-30. A score of over 13 indicate risk for postpartum depression (NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Placebo1
Ropivacaine0.5

Time to First Rescue Analgesic

(NCT02829944)
Timeframe: 48 hours

InterventionMinutes (Mean)
Placebo660
Ropivacaine954

Cumulative Postoperative Opiate Consumption

Cumulative opiate consumption (IV morphine equivalents) (NCT02487303)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionmg (Mean)
Acetaminophen Intravenous2.9
Acetaminophen Oral3.8
No Acetaminophen5.7

Time Discharge

Time patient meets discharge criteria will be recorded (NCT02487303)
Timeframe: 24 hours postoperative

Interventionhours (Mean)
Acetaminophen Intravenous48.4
Acetaminophen Oral48.6
No Acetaminophen50.5

Time to First Opiate Rescue

Time to first opiate pain medicine requested by patient (NCT02487303)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionhours (Mean)
Acetaminophen Intravenous25.3
Acetaminophen Oral24.0
No Acetaminophen21.3

VAS (Visual Analog Scale)

"Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain assessment with ambulation. The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between no pain and worst pain. For pain intensity, the scale is most commonly anchored by no pain (score of 0) and pain as bad as it could be or worst imaginable pain (score of 100 [100-mm scale]) ." (NCT02487303)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Acetaminophen Intravenous37.8
Acetaminophen Oral44.3
No Acetaminophen50.8

Apgar Score at 5 Minutes

This is the Apgar score of the newborn collected at 5 minutes. Range is from 0-10, with the higher scores meaning a better outcome. (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after birth

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo Control Group9
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group9

Hospital Length of Stay

Time to discharge from hospital, measured in hours (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: From time of hospital admission to time of discharge home up to 168 hours.

Interventionhours (Median)
Placebo Control Group50.2
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group50

Need for Respiratory Support

neonate receipt of oxygen by nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: after birth and before hospital discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo Control Group0
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group4

NICU Admission

Rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: after birth and before hospital discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo Control Group2
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group6

Number of Opioid Pain Tablets Remaining on Post-operative Day #7 From the Discharge Prescription.

Number of opioid pain tablets remaining on post-operative day #7 from hospital discharge as reported by patients (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 7 days post delivery

InterventionTablets (Median)
Placebo Control Group18
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group19

Pain Score at 24 Hours Post-operatively

Pain Score at 24 Hours Post Operatively, expressed on a pain scale from 0-10 with the higher score meaning worse pain (outcome). (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-operatively

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo Control Group5
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group6

Pain Score at 48 Hours Post-operatively

Pain Score at 48 Hours Post-operatively, expressed on a pain scale from 0-10 with the higher score meaning worse pain (outcome). (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 48 hours post-operatively

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo Control Group4
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group3

Pain Score at 6-12 Hours Post Operatively

Pain score at 6-12 hours post-operatively, expressed on a pain scale from 0-10 with the higher score meaning worse pain (outcome). (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 6-12 hours post-operatively

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo Control Group6
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group6

Time to First Administration of Opioid Pain Medication Post Operatively

Time, in hours, to first administration of opioid pain medication post operatively (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 48 hours post cesarean delivery

Interventionhours (Median)
Placebo Control Group6.05
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group6.35

Total Opioid Intake in Morphine Milligram Equivalents in the First 48 Hours After Cesarean Delivery (CD)

Every opioid intake by the patient in the first 48 hours after CD will be recorded and quantified in morphine milligram equivalents (NCT02922985)
Timeframe: 48 hours post cesarean delivery

Interventionmorphine milligram equivalents (Median)
Placebo Control Group42
Multimodal Pain Regimen Group49.5

Pain at Time of Osmotic Dilator Placement

"Measure of distance (mm) from the left (no pain) on the 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS - reflecting magnitude of pain) recorded at time immediately after osmotic dilator placement. 0 mm=No Pain and 100 mm= worst possible pain. A higher score indicates a higher level of pain." (NCT02354092)
Timeframe: Within 5 minutes of PCB or sham procedure

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Sham Group46
Paracervical Block Group32

Pain With Overall Dilator Placement

"Measure of distance (mm) from the left (no pain) on the 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS - reflecting magnitude of pain) recorded 15 minutes after osmotic dilator placement. mm=No Pain and 100 mm= worst possible pain. A higher mean score indicates a higher level of pain experienced at this time point." (NCT02354092)
Timeframe: 15 minutes after dilator placement

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Sham Group42
Paracervical Block Group35

Pain With Paracervical Block or Sham

"Measure of distance (mm) from the left (no pain) on the 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS - reflecting magnitude of pain) recorded at time immediately after last injection for paracervical block OR script for sham injection. 0 mm=No Pain and 100 mm= worst possible pain. A higher score indicates a higher level of pain." (NCT02354092)
Timeframe: Within 5 minutes after baseline

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Sham Group19
Paracervical Block Group39

Reported Pain at Baseline

"Measure of distance (mm) from the left (no pain) on the 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS - reflecting magnitude of pain) of pain recorded at baseline prior to the paracervical block or sham block procedure. 0 mm=No Pain and 100 mm= worst possible pain. A higher score indicates a higher level of pain." (NCT02354092)
Timeframe: Baseline, just prior to PCB or sham procedure

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Sham Group4
Paracervical Block Group19

Reported Symptoms

fever, chills, vomiting, heavy bleeding/clots (collected without regard to the specific event) (NCT00617097)
Timeframe: end of study (upon discharge from facility after procedure)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Paracervical Block With Lidocaine3
Paracervical Block With Ketorolac and Lidocaine0

Visual Analogue Scale Regarding Satisfaction Level

100-mm Visual Analogue Scale -- minimum: 0 mm (lower satisfaction), maximum: 100 mm (greater satisfaction) (NCT00617097)
Timeframe: end of study (prior to clinic discharge)

Interventionmm (Mean)
Paracervical Block With Lidocaine62.9
Paracervical Block With Ketorolac and Lidocaine63.6

Complications

(NCT00617097)
Timeframe: end of study

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
minorserious
Paracervical Block With Ketorolac and Lidocaine12
Paracervical Block With Lidocaine10

Level of Pain During Specific Time Intervals Throughout D&C Procedure.

"100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during specific time intervals of D&C procedure: minimum: 0 mm (less pain); maximum: 100 mm (more pain)~Time intervals include: basline expected level of pain during procedure, after speculum insertion, at paracervical block injection, after dilation, end of procedure, and 30 minutes after procedure." (NCT00617097)
Timeframe: Baseline, Speculum Insertion, at Paracervical block injection, After dilation, End of procedure, 30 minutes after procedure

,
Interventionmm (Mean)
expected level of pain during procedureafter speculum insertionduring paracervical block administrationafter cervical dilationimmediately after procedure30 min after procedure
Paracervical Block With Ketorolac and Lidocaine51.732.746.059.864.317.6
Paracervical Block With Lidocaine52.233.650.874.861.521.8

VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) Measurement of Pain

The patient marked their pain on a 0 to 10cm visual analogue scale, where 0 cm is no pain and 10 cm is the worst pain ever. (NCT01664559)
Timeframe: Pain with IUD placement, measured immediately after placement

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Placebo With 1cc Normal Saline IM5.2
Toradol, 30mg in 1cc IM3.6

Nulliparous Patients - Subgroup Analysis

"The patient marked their pain on a 0 to 10cm visual analogue scale, where 0 cm is no pain and 10 cm is the worst pain ever.~Prior to injection of study drug, anticipated pain~Pain from study drug injection, measured immediately after injection~Pain from speculum insertion, measured immediately after insertion~Pain with tenaculum placement, measured immediately after placement~Pain with uterine sounding, measured immediately after removal of the sound~Pain at 5 minutes after placement of the intrauterine device~Pain at 15 minutes after placement of the intrauterine device" (NCT01664559)
Timeframe: immediately after each step (see description)

,
Interventioncm (Median)
1) Anticipated pain2) Pain with injection3) Speculum insertion4) Tenaculum placement5) Uterine sounding6) Pain with IUD placement7) 5 min after placement8) 15 min after placement
Placebo With 1cc Normal Saline IM2.81.82.36.38.48.13.74.8
Toradol, 30mg in 1cc IM3.61.21.54.36.05.42.71.8

Pain Scores at Other Time Points During and After IUD Placement

"The patient marked their pain on a 0 to 10cm visual analogue scale, where 0 cm is no pain and 10 cm is the worst pain ever.~Prior to injection of study drug, anticipated pain~Pain from study drug injection, measured immediately after injection~Pain from speculum insertion, measured immediately after insertion~Pain with tenaculum placement, measured immediately after placement~Pain with uterine sounding, measured immediately after removal of the sound~Pain at 5 minutes after placement of the intrauterine device~Pain at 15 minutes after placement of the intrauterine device" (NCT01664559)
Timeframe: immediately after each step (see description)

,
Interventioncm (Median)
Anticipated painPain with injectionSpeculum insertionTenaculum placementUterine sounding5 min after procedure15 min after procedure
Placebo With 1cc Normal Saline IM4.41.02.63.95.02.21.6
Toradol, 30mg in 1cc IM3.50.61.52.54.30.30.1

Post-insertion Patient Questionnaire

"Questions assessed in multiple choice format:~Side effects~injection site pain~overall satisfaction with IUD insertion experience~would they still recommend IUD placement to a friend?~significant pain for which they desired acetaminophen prior to leaving the office?" (NCT01664559)
Timeframe: assessed at 15 minutes after IUD insertion

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Reported side effectsInjection site pain - just as bad/worse than IUDSatisfied or very satisfied with overall IUD procRecommend IUD to a friendDesires additional pain medication
Placebo With 1cc Normal Saline IM128302816
Toradol, 30mg in 1cc IM8631306

Post-insertion Provider Questionnaire

"The provider will be asked to fill out a multiple choice format questionnaire:~what level training are you?~which IUD was inserted?~what was the purpose of IUD placement?~what was the position of the uterus?~did the IUD placement process require cervical dilation?~were you able to complete the IUD insertion?~was there bleeding from the cervix that required more than 5 min to control?~were there any major complications with the IUD insertion?~did the patient take tylenol prior to leaving the office?" (NCT01664559)
Timeframe: Immediately after IUD placement, on average within 1 hour

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Level of training - PGY1Level of training - PGY2Level of training - PGY3Level of training - PGY4Level of training - AttendingIUD type - levonogestrelIUD type - copperPurpose of IUD - contraceptionPurpose of IUD - AUBPosition of uterus - antevertedPosition of uterus - retrovertedPosition of uterus - midpositionedCervical dilation neededAble to complete the IUD placementSignificant bleedingMajor complicationsTook acetaminophen prior to leaving the office
Placebo With 1cc Normal Saline IM22351221233119692340017
Toradol, 30mg in 1cc IM5136632823212058233207

Pain With Intrauterine Device (IUD) Placement

Distance (mm) from the left of the 100-mm visual analog scale (reflecting magnitude of pain) recorded at time of IUD Placement. Scale range is from 0mm (no pain) to 100mm (worst pain possible). A lower score (less pain) is considered a better outcome. (NCT02219308)
Timeframe: Moment of IUD insertion

Interventionmm (Median)
No Paracervical Block (Sham PCB)54
Paracervical Block (PCB)33

Median Pain Scores for All Time Points

Distance (mm) from the left of the 100-mm visual analog scale of pain at various time points. Scale range is 0mm (no pain) to 100mm (worst pain possible). Lower scores are considered better outcomes. (NCT02219308)
Timeframe: Anticipation of procedure through 5 minutes after IUD placement

,
Interventionmm (Median)
Anticipated PainBaseline PainSpeculum InsertionCapped Needle or PCBTenaculum placementUterine SoundingIUD placement5 mins after IUD placementOverall pain
No Paracervical Block (Sham PCB)510681047542751
Paracervical Block (PCB)58010301530331230

Anti-emetic Doses

Total doses of medications to treat pruritus (opioid side-effect) including ondansetron and promethazine. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

Interventiondoses (Median)
Ketorolac0
Placebo0

Corrected Change in Hct on POD1.

Corrected change in Hct on POD1. Performed by subtracting POD1 Hct from POD0 Hct. Correction for transfusion by further subtracting 3 per unit of pRBC transfused to account for the typical change seen per unit transfused. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: POD1

Interventionmg/dl (Mean)
Ketorolac-5.1
Placebo-3.5

Estimated Blood Loss (EBL)

Estimation of blood loss during surgery (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: Immediately post-op

Interventionml (Median)
Ketorolac900
Placebo800

Post-Partum Hemorrhage

Rate of Post-Partum Hemorrhage between groups during the first 24 hours pst-partum. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ketorolac7
Placebo4

Pruritus Doses

Total doses of medications to treat pruritus (opioid side-effect) including diphenhydramine, nalbuphine and naloxone. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

Interventiondoses (Median)
Ketorolac0
Placebo0

Total Hydromorphone Dose

Total hydromorphone doses in mg in the first 24 hours post-partum. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum.

Interventionmg (Median)
Ketorolac0
Placebo0.2

Units of Packed Reb Blood Cell Transfused

Total number of Units of Packed Reb Blood Cell Transfused in intra-op until 24 hours post-partum. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: Intra-op until 24 hours post-partum.

Interventionunits of pRBCs (Median)
Ketorolac0
Placebo0

Uterotonic Doses

Total number of uterotonic doses including methylergonovine, carboprost and misoprostol. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

Interventiondoses (Median)
Ketorolac0
Placebo0

Change in Pain Score Post-Cesarean Delivery

Pain score post-Cesarean Delivery using 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS): 0-10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours post-cesarean delivery

,
Interventionunits on NRS (Median)
Baseline15 mins1 hour6 hours12 hours24 hours
Ketorolac000124.5
Placebo00033.55.5

Percentile Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at 6,12, and 24 Hours

Percentile change in diastolic Blood Pressure at 6,12, and 24 hours for each patient's baseline defined by immediate post-op PACU vitals. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

,
InterventionPercent change (Mean)
6 hours12 hours24 hours
Ketorolac12.308.812.0
Placebo7.68.811.1

Percentile Change in Systolic Blood Pressure at 6,12, and 24 Hours

Percentile change in Systolic Blood Pressure at 6,12, and 24 hours for each patient's baseline defined by immediate post-op PACU vitals. (NCT02509312)
Timeframe: 0 - 24 hours post-partum

,
InterventionPercent change (Mean)
6 hours12 hours24 hours
Ketorolac-2.0-9.10-5.9
Placebo-0.6-2.85-3.5

Reviews

1 review available for ketorolac and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Comparison of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cesarean section: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
    Korean journal of anesthesiology, 2023, Volume: 76, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Celecoxib; Cesarean Section; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; In

2023

Trials

18 trials available for ketorolac and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Increased Scheduled Intravenous Ketorolac After Cesarean Delivery and Its Effect on Opioid Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2023, 04-01, Volume: 141, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ke

2023
Ropivacaine and Ketorolac Wound Infusion for Post-Cesarean Delivery Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2020, Volume: 135, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local

2020
Efficacy of continuous in-wound infusion of levobupivacaine and ketorolac for post-caesarean section analgesia: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    BMC anesthesiology, 2018, 11-10, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intrale

2018
Intravenous vs Oral Acetaminophen for Analgesia After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Trial.
    Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019, 08-01, Volume: 20, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; A

2019
Multimodal Pain Management for Cesarean Delivery: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.
    American journal of perinatology, 2019, Volume: 36, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthet

2019
The efficacy of 2 doses of epidural morphine for postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized noninferiority trial.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2013, Volume: 117, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroid

2013
The efficacy of 2 doses of epidural morphine for postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized noninferiority trial.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2013, Volume: 117, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroid

2013
The efficacy of 2 doses of epidural morphine for postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized noninferiority trial.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2013, Volume: 117, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroid

2013
The efficacy of 2 doses of epidural morphine for postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized noninferiority trial.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2013, Volume: 117, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroid

2013
Enantiomer-specific ketorolac pharmacokinetics in young women, including pregnancy and postpartum period.
    Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2017, Feb-21, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Weight; Case-Contr

2017
Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2009, Volume: 114, Issue:6

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non

2009
Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2009, Volume: 114, Issue:6

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non

2009
Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2009, Volume: 114, Issue:6

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non

2009
Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 2009, Volume: 114, Issue:6

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non

2009
Comparison of the efficacy of parecoxib versus ketorolac combined with morphine on patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean delivery pain management.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : official journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section;

2010
The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination.
    Contraception, 2012, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma

2012
The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination.
    Contraception, 2012, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma

2012
The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination.
    Contraception, 2012, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma

2012
The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination.
    Contraception, 2012, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma

2012
Postoperative subcutaneous instillation of low-dose ketorolac but not hydromorphone reduces wound exudate concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 and improves analgesia following cesarean delivery.
    The journal of pain, 2013, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bupivacaine;

2013
Postoperative analgesia after cesarean section by continued administration of levobupivacaine with the On-Q Painbuster system over the fascia vs ketorolac + morphine i.v.
    Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2006, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bupivacaine; Cesare

2006
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apgar

2007
Combination of intramuscular Ketorolac and low dose epidural morphine for the relief of post-caesarean pain.
    Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 1994, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Suppl

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agen

1994
Analgesia after caesarean section with intramuscular ketorolac or pethidine.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Cesarean Section; Double-Blind Method; Elective Surgical Pro

1993
The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioi

2001
The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioi

2001
The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioi

2001
The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioi

2001
A comparative study of intramuscular ketorolac and pethidine in labour pain.
    European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1992, Sep-23, Volume: 46, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypnoti

1992
Effect of maternal ketorolac administration of platelet function in the newborn.
    European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1988, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ketorolac; Maternal

1988

Other Studies

14 other studies available for ketorolac and Pregnancy

ArticleYear
Use of Scheduled Nonopioid Analgesia to Decrease Inpatient Opioid Consumption After Scheduled Cesarean Birth.
    Nursing for women's health, 2022, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Ibuprofen; I

2022
Intra-operative ketorolac 15 mg versus 30 mg for analgesia following cesarean delivery: a retrospective study.
    International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2020, Volume: 44

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Dose-Respo

2020
Impact of a multimodal analgesic protocol modification on opioid consumption after cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study.
    The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2022, Volume: 35, Issue:24

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

2022
A case of paradoxical presentation of a postural postdural puncture headache after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 38

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia,

2017
Parturient on Magnesium Infusion and Its Effectiveness as an Adjuvant Analgesic after Cesarean Delivery: A Retrospective Analysis.
    TheScientificWorldJournal, 2018, Volume: 2018

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Inf

2018
Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy.
    Nursing for women's health, 2019, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Antipruritics; Atropine; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypotension; IgA Vasculit

2019
An enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for cesarean delivery decreases hospital stay and cost.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 221, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Early Ambulation; Enhanced Recover

2019
An enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for cesarean delivery decreases hospital stay and cost.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 221, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Early Ambulation; Enhanced Recover

2019
An enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for cesarean delivery decreases hospital stay and cost.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 221, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Early Ambulation; Enhanced Recover

2019
An enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for cesarean delivery decreases hospital stay and cost.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 221, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Early Ambulation; Enhanced Recover

2019
The effect of ketorolac on pregnancy rates when used immediately after oocyte retrieval.
    Fertility and sterility, 2013, Volume: 100, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Drug Administration Schedule; Embryo Implantation; F

2013
Preoperative ketorolac-acetaminophen-lidocaine with isoflurane-propofol anaesthesia for Caesarean section in a patient with infective endocarditis.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 101, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Endocarditis; F

2008
The impact of Caesarean delivery on paracetamol and ketorolac pharmacokinetics: a paired analysis.
    Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012, Volume: 2012

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anti-Infla

2012
Ritodrine increases leukotriene B4 concentrations in pregnant sheep.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 169, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arteries; Female; Infusions, Intravenous; Ketorola

1993
The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor ketorolac blocks ritodrine-stimulated production of prostaglandin F2 alpha in pregnant sheep.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 81, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dinoprost; Female; Ketorolac; Pregnancy; Pregnancy

1993
Characteristics of primary osteoblast culture derived from rat fetal calvaria.
    The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 1999, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dinoprostone; Female; Fetus; Ketorolac; Osteoblasts;

1999
Analgesia for termination of pregnancy.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1999, Volume: 89, Issue:8

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Ketorolac; P

1999