ketorolac has been researched along with Macular Edema in 26 studies
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.
5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.
Macular Edema: Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "To evaluate the additional effect of ketorolac eye drops on therapeutic effects of intravitreal Bevacizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with center involved DME (macular thickness ≥ 300 microns accompanied by decreased VA (24 < BCVA ≤ 70 ETDRS letters) were enrolled consecutively and randomized 1:1 to receive either bevacizumab plus topical ketorolac (25 patients) or bevacizumab plus artificial tears (25 patients)." | 9.41 | Topical ketorolac as an adjunctive treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab in the management of diabetic macular edema: A double-masked placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. ( Entezari, M; Hassanpour, K; Karimi, S; Niazpour Moez, R; Nikkhah, H; Ramezani, A; Yaseri, M, 2021) |
| "Participants scheduled for cataract removal were randomized to 1 of 5 anti-inflammatory prophylactic regimens: eye drops with a combination of prednisolone, 1%, and ketorolac tromethamine, 0." | 9.41 | Prednisolone and Ketorolac vs Ketorolac Monotherapy or Sub-Tenon Prophylaxis for Macular Thickening in Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Erichsen, JH; Forman, JL; Forslund Jacobsen, M; Holm, LM; Kessel, L, 2021) |
| "A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo cataract operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0." | 9.20 | The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery. ( Chung, BH; Jung, JW; Kim, EK; Kim, TI; Seo, KY, 2015) |
| "To evaluate whether ketorolac ophthalmic drops prescribed four times a day can be associated with improved visual acuity and prompt resolution of edema for patients with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema identified more than 24 months after cataract surgery." | 9.09 | Ketorolac treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema identified more than 24 months after cataract extraction. ( Bressler, NM; Bressler, SB; Schachat, AP; Weisz, JM, 1999) |
| "To assess the effectiveness of ketorolac vs control for prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME)." | 8.88 | Ketorolac therapy for the prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: a systematic review. ( Cordero-Coma, M; Gallagher, MJ; Yilmaz, T, 2012) |
| "To assess the effectiveness of intracameral phenylephrine-ketorolac during cataract surgery compared with postoperative topical steroids in reducing the incidence of postoperative clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) confirmed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia." | 7.96 | Effect of intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% on postoperative cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia after cataract surgery. ( Bedi, R; Visco, DM, 2020) |
| "To elucidate an association between latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation." | 7.71 | Latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. ( Ramanathan, S; Yeh, PC, 2002) |
| "To report two cases in which cystoid macular edema developed after initiation of topical latanoprost for glaucoma." | 7.70 | Latanoprost-associated cystoid macular edema. ( Callanan, D; Fellman, RL; Savage, JA, 1998) |
| "Ketorolac and nepafenac were well tolerated with minimal side-effect profiles." | 6.77 | Prophylactic nepafenac and ketorolac versus placebo in preventing postoperative macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification. ( Almeida, DR; Bakar, SN; El-Defrawy, SR; Khan, Z; Rahim, K; Urton, T; Xing, L, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the additional effect of ketorolac eye drops on therapeutic effects of intravitreal Bevacizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with center involved DME (macular thickness ≥ 300 microns accompanied by decreased VA (24 < BCVA ≤ 70 ETDRS letters) were enrolled consecutively and randomized 1:1 to receive either bevacizumab plus topical ketorolac (25 patients) or bevacizumab plus artificial tears (25 patients)." | 5.41 | Topical ketorolac as an adjunctive treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab in the management of diabetic macular edema: A double-masked placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. ( Entezari, M; Hassanpour, K; Karimi, S; Niazpour Moez, R; Nikkhah, H; Ramezani, A; Yaseri, M, 2021) |
| "Participants scheduled for cataract removal were randomized to 1 of 5 anti-inflammatory prophylactic regimens: eye drops with a combination of prednisolone, 1%, and ketorolac tromethamine, 0." | 5.41 | Prednisolone and Ketorolac vs Ketorolac Monotherapy or Sub-Tenon Prophylaxis for Macular Thickening in Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Erichsen, JH; Forman, JL; Forslund Jacobsen, M; Holm, LM; Kessel, L, 2021) |
| "A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo cataract operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0." | 5.20 | The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery. ( Chung, BH; Jung, JW; Kim, EK; Kim, TI; Seo, KY, 2015) |
| "Although NSAID therapy seems to potentiate the improvements produced by corticosteroids and antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, only nepafenac- and bromfenac-treated eyes showed reduced retinal thickness at 12 weeks and 16 weeks." | 5.14 | NSAIDs in combination therapy for the treatment of chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. ( Bahrani, H; Fox, JE; Warren, KA, 2010) |
| "To evaluate whether ketorolac ophthalmic drops prescribed four times a day can be associated with improved visual acuity and prompt resolution of edema for patients with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema identified more than 24 months after cataract surgery." | 5.09 | Ketorolac treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema identified more than 24 months after cataract extraction. ( Bressler, NM; Bressler, SB; Schachat, AP; Weisz, JM, 1999) |
| "To assess the effectiveness of ketorolac vs control for prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME)." | 4.88 | Ketorolac therapy for the prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: a systematic review. ( Cordero-Coma, M; Gallagher, MJ; Yilmaz, T, 2012) |
| "Topical NSAIDs were found to be more effective in controlling CME, pain, iritis, and photophobia after cataract surgery compared with the intracanalicular dexamethasone insert in the presence of intracameral phenylephrine/ketorolac." | 4.31 | Comparison of postcataract surgery anti-inflammatory regimens on the incidence of cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia. ( Visco, DM, 2023) |
| "To assess the effectiveness of intracameral phenylephrine-ketorolac during cataract surgery compared with postoperative topical steroids in reducing the incidence of postoperative clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) confirmed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia." | 3.96 | Effect of intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% on postoperative cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia after cataract surgery. ( Bedi, R; Visco, DM, 2020) |
| "To elucidate an association between latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation." | 3.71 | Latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. ( Ramanathan, S; Yeh, PC, 2002) |
| "To report two cases in which cystoid macular edema developed after initiation of topical latanoprost for glaucoma." | 3.70 | Latanoprost-associated cystoid macular edema. ( Callanan, D; Fellman, RL; Savage, JA, 1998) |
| "Ketorolac and nepafenac were well tolerated with minimal side-effect profiles." | 2.77 | Prophylactic nepafenac and ketorolac versus placebo in preventing postoperative macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification. ( Almeida, DR; Bakar, SN; El-Defrawy, SR; Khan, Z; Rahim, K; Urton, T; Xing, L, 2012) |
| "Indomethacin was used orally and was found to be ineffective for chronic CMO in one trial." | 2.48 | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery. ( Bunce, C; Crosby-Nwaobi, R; Sivaprasad, S, 2012) |
| "To determine the rate of postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients undergoing cataract surgery treated with intraoperative intracameral and postoperative topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without steroids." | 1.56 | Rate of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using intraoperative and topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alone without steroids. ( Hess, J; Kauffman, L; Walter, K, 2020) |
| "The ketorolac was tapered over the following month, and the subretinal fluid resolved during the subsequent months." | 1.56 | TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE AND VISUAL IMPROVEMENT AFTER TOPICAL NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG TREATMENT. ( Ferrone, PJ; Li, AS, 2020) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (11.54) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3 (11.54) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (42.31) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 9 (34.62) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Visco, DM | 2 |
| Wingert, AM | 2 |
| Liu, SH | 2 |
| Lin, JC | 2 |
| Sridhar, J | 2 |
| Mohammad-Rabei, H | 1 |
| Sabbaghi, H | 1 |
| Emamverdi, M | 1 |
| Karimi, S | 2 |
| Ramezani, A | 2 |
| Nikkhah, H | 2 |
| Kheiri, B | 1 |
| Yaseri, M | 2 |
| Sheibani, K | 1 |
| Bahreini, R | 1 |
| Kolomeyer, AM | 1 |
| Brucker, AJ | 1 |
| Boldt, HC | 1 |
| Walter, K | 1 |
| Kauffman, L | 1 |
| Hess, J | 1 |
| Bedi, R | 1 |
| Niazpour Moez, R | 1 |
| Entezari, M | 1 |
| Hassanpour, K | 1 |
| Erichsen, JH | 1 |
| Holm, LM | 1 |
| Forslund Jacobsen, M | 1 |
| Forman, JL | 1 |
| Kessel, L | 1 |
| Campochiaro, PA | 1 |
| Han, YS | 1 |
| Mir, TA | 1 |
| Kherani, S | 1 |
| Hafiz, G | 1 |
| Krispel, C | 1 |
| Liu, TYA | 1 |
| Wang, J | 1 |
| Scott, AW | 1 |
| Zimmer-Galler, I | 1 |
| Grzybowski, A | 1 |
| Adamiec-Mroczek, J | 1 |
| Li, AS | 1 |
| Ferrone, PJ | 1 |
| Tzelikis, PF | 1 |
| Vieira, M | 1 |
| Hida, WT | 1 |
| Motta, AF | 1 |
| Nakano, CT | 1 |
| Nakano, EM | 1 |
| Alves, MR | 1 |
| Lee, TH | 1 |
| Choi, W | 1 |
| Ji, YS | 1 |
| Yoon, KC | 1 |
| Sigona, M | 1 |
| Morphis, G | 1 |
| Edmunds, MR | 1 |
| Shorstein, NH | 1 |
| Liu, L | 1 |
| Waxman, MD | 1 |
| Herrinton, LJ | 1 |
| Jung, JW | 1 |
| Chung, BH | 1 |
| Kim, EK | 1 |
| Seo, KY | 1 |
| Kim, TI | 1 |
| Warren, KA | 1 |
| Bahrani, H | 1 |
| Fox, JE | 1 |
| Yilmaz, T | 1 |
| Cordero-Coma, M | 1 |
| Gallagher, MJ | 1 |
| Sivaprasad, S | 1 |
| Bunce, C | 1 |
| Crosby-Nwaobi, R | 1 |
| Almeida, DR | 1 |
| Khan, Z | 1 |
| Xing, L | 1 |
| Bakar, SN | 1 |
| Rahim, K | 1 |
| Urton, T | 1 |
| El-Defrawy, SR | 1 |
| Mackool, RJ | 1 |
| Monsanto, VR | 1 |
| Yeh, PC | 1 |
| Ramanathan, S | 1 |
| Arey, ML | 1 |
| Sullivan, BR | 1 |
| Reinert, CG | 1 |
| McCulley, JP | 1 |
| Maguire, AM | 1 |
| Nichols, CW | 1 |
| Crooks, GW | 1 |
| Callanan, D | 1 |
| Fellman, RL | 1 |
| Savage, JA | 1 |
| Weisz, JM | 1 |
| Bressler, NM | 1 |
| Bressler, SB | 1 |
| Schachat, AP | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of Drop-less Surgery Compared to Topical NSAID Alone and Combination of Steroid and NSAID on Central Macular Thickness After Cataract Surgery, a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03383328] | Phase 4 | 470 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-02-01 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.4% and Nepafenac 0.1% for the Prevention of Cystoid Macular Edema After Phacoemulsification: Prospective Randomized Double-masked Study[NCT02084576] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Evaluating the Efficacy, Compliance, and Patient Satisfaction of a New Dropless Postoperative Regimen After Cataract Surgery in a Vulnerable, County-hospital Population[NCT05157113] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-05-31 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effect of Preoperative Topical Ketorolac 0.45% on Aqueous Cytokine Levels and Macular Thickness in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery[NCT02646072] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Protein Profile of Immunoregulatory Factors in Diabetic Cataract[NCT01832311] | Phase 4 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
3 reviews available for ketorolac and Macular Edema
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Ketorolac; Macu | 2022 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Ketorolac; Macu | 2022 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Ketorolac; Macu | 2022 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Ketorolac; Macu | 2022 |
Ketorolac therapy for the prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: a systematic review.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract Extraction; Humans; Ketorolac; Macu | 2012 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract Extraction; Chronic Disease; Fenopr | 2012 |
9 trials available for ketorolac and Macular Edema
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The effect of topical ketorolac tromethamine on macular thickening after phacoemulsification in diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Ketorolac; Ketorolac Tromethamine; Macular Edema; P | 2023 |
Topical ketorolac as an adjunctive treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab in the management of diabetic macular edema: A double-masked placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Intravitreal | 2021 |
Prednisolone and Ketorolac vs Ketorolac Monotherapy or Sub-Tenon Prophylaxis for Macular Thickening in Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Cataract Extracti | 2021 |
Increased Frequency of Topical Steroids Provides Benefit in Patients With Recalcitrant Postsurgical Macular Edema.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract Extraction; Dose-Re | 2017 |
Comparison of ketorolac 0.4% and nepafenac 0.1% for the prevention of cystoid macular oedema after phacoemulsification: prospective placebo-controlled randomised study.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzeneac | 2015 |
The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzophenones; Bromobenzenes; Cataract; Cataract Extr | 2015 |
NSAIDs in combination therapy for the treatment of chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodie | 2010 |
Prophylactic nepafenac and ketorolac versus placebo in preventing postoperative macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzeneacetamides; Double-Blind Me | 2012 |
Ketorolac treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema identified more than 24 months after cataract extraction.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract Extraction; Chronic Disea | 1999 |
14 other studies available for ketorolac and Macular Edema
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Comparison of postcataract surgery anti-inflammatory regimens on the incidence of cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Dexamethasone; Humans; Incidence; Iritis; Ketorol | 2023 |
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glaucoma, Open-An | 2020 |
Rate of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema using intraoperative and topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alone without steroids.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; | 2020 |
Effect of intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% on postoperative cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia after cataract surgery.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Cohort Studies; Humans; Irit | 2020 |
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Cystoid Macular Edema Prevention in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; K | 2017 |
TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE AND VISUAL IMPROVEMENT AFTER TOPICAL NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG TREATMENT.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Eye Injuries; Femal | 2020 |
Comparison of ketorolac 0.45% versus diclofenac 0.1% for macular thickness and volume after uncomplicated cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Intrao | 2016 |
Bilateral reversible macular edema following road traffic collision.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Aged; Eye Injuries; Humans; Ketorolac; Macular Edema; Male; Retina; Retinal Hemo | 2015 |
Comparative Effectiveness of Three Prophylactic Strategies to Prevent Clinical Macular Edema after Phacoemulsification Surgery.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofena | 2015 |
Role of the bandage contact lens in the management of concomitant keratoconjunctivitis medicamentosa and cystoid macular edema.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bandages; Contact Lenses; Female; Humans; Keratoconju | 2002 |
Latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antihypertensive Agents; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intr | 2002 |
Impaired corneal wound healing associated with ketorolac 0.5% after uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cataract Extraction; Cornea; Humans; Ketorolac; Lens | 2007 |
Visual loss in cytomegalovirus retinitis caused by cystoid macular edema in patients without the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-St | 1996 |
Latanoprost-associated cystoid macular edema.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Female; G | 1998 |