Page last updated: 2024-10-29

ketorolac and Inflammation

ketorolac has been researched along with Inflammation in 41 studies

Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.
5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo cataract operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0."9.20The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery. ( Chung, BH; Jung, JW; Kim, EK; Kim, TI; Seo, KY, 2015)
"As a new ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with prodrug structure, Nepafenac was supposed to have a better efficacy than conventional NSAIDs both in patients' tolerability and ocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery."8.95Comparison of the efficacy and patients' tolerability of Nepafenac and Ketorolac in the treatment of ocular inflammation following cataract surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Chen, Y; Wang, E; Xia, S; Zhao, X, 2017)
" Present studies examine effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac, upon RV inflammation and dysfunction."7.75Proinflammatory events in right ventricular damage during pulmonary embolism: effects of treatment with ketorolac in rats. ( Gellar, MA; Kline, JA; Obraztsova, M; Stuart, LK; Watts, JA, 2009)
"We previously reported that partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) dramatically up-regulates cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in injured sciatic nerve, and local injection of the COX inhibitor, ketorolac, reverses tactile allodynia and suppresses increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding protein [Eur J Neurosci 15 (2002) 1037]."7.72Intraplantar injection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac reduces immunoreactivities of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and dynorphin in the dorsal horn of rats with nerve injury or inflammation. ( Eisenach, JC; Ma, W, 2003)
"Ketorolac is an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, commonly used with local anaesthetics as part of local infiltration analgesia protocols following orthopaedic surgery."6.87Randomized controlled trial of intra-articular ketorolac on pain and inflammation after minor arthroscopic knee surgery. ( Bjerkeli, V; Gordh, T; Gregersen, I; Halvorsen, B; Rosseland, LA; Solheim, N; Stubhaug, A, 2018)
"Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity that has been effectively used in the management of mild-to-moderate pain since the mid-1960s."6.50Role of indomethacin in acute pain and inflammation management: a review of the literature. ( Nalamachu, S; Wortmann, R, 2014)
"Treatment with morphine (1mg/kg, s."5.38Involvement of inflammation in severe post-operative pain demonstrated by pre-surgical and post-surgical treatment with piroxicam and ketorolac. ( Fujita, I; Kita, Y; Okumura, T; Sakakibara, A, 2012)
"A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo cataract operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0."5.20The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery. ( Chung, BH; Jung, JW; Kim, EK; Kim, TI; Seo, KY, 2015)
" The aim was to explore the existence of a positive interaction between paracetamol 1 g and ketorolac 20 mg administered intravenously on experimental pain models in human beings."5.15A randomized, controlled trial validates a peripheral supra-additive antihyperalgesic effect of a paracetamol-ketorolac combination. ( Besson, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Desmeules, J; Ing Lorenzini, K; Salomon, D, 2011)
"As a new ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with prodrug structure, Nepafenac was supposed to have a better efficacy than conventional NSAIDs both in patients' tolerability and ocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery."4.95Comparison of the efficacy and patients' tolerability of Nepafenac and Ketorolac in the treatment of ocular inflammation following cataract surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Chen, Y; Wang, E; Xia, S; Zhao, X, 2017)
"Focusing on a high-risk group with preoperative inflammation could lead to a clinical trial to test the effect of ketorolac on cancer outcome."4.90Perspectives in anaesthesia for cancer surgery. ( De Kock, M; Forget, P, 2014)
" Our aim was, for the first time, to analyze the morpho-functional effects of postoperative administration of two commonly used NSAIDs, Diclofenac and Ketorolac, on the healing process of colo-colic anastomoses constructed under condition of fecal peritonitis in a rat model."3.96Anastomotic healing in a rat model of peritonitis after non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. ( Casciani, F; Ghiselli, R; Guerrieri, M; Lucarini, G; Orlando, F; Ortenzi, M; Provinciali, M; Saccomanno, S; Salvolini, E, 2020)
"Although PRP and ketorolac reduced cellular inflammation markers (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and human leukocyte antigen DR) compared with control, neither caused as great a reduction as methylprednisolone."3.79An in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of platelet-rich plasma, ketorolac, and methylprednisolone. ( Apostolakos, J; Arciero, RA; Beitzel, K; Bradley, J; Cote, MP; Intravia, J; Mazzocca, AD; McCarthy, MB, 2013)
" Present studies examine effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac, upon RV inflammation and dysfunction."3.75Proinflammatory events in right ventricular damage during pulmonary embolism: effects of treatment with ketorolac in rats. ( Gellar, MA; Kline, JA; Obraztsova, M; Stuart, LK; Watts, JA, 2009)
"We previously reported that partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) dramatically up-regulates cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in injured sciatic nerve, and local injection of the COX inhibitor, ketorolac, reverses tactile allodynia and suppresses increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding protein [Eur J Neurosci 15 (2002) 1037]."3.72Intraplantar injection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac reduces immunoreactivities of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and dynorphin in the dorsal horn of rats with nerve injury or inflammation. ( Eisenach, JC; Ma, W, 2003)
" Local injection of ketorolac, a nonselective COX inhibitor, into the ipsilateral plantar side or into the injury site of the sciatic nerve, effectively reversed the tactile allodynia induced by PSNL for > 5 days."3.71Morphological and pharmacological evidence for the role of peripheral prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. ( Eisenach, JC; Ma, W, 2002)
"Ketorolac is an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, commonly used with local anaesthetics as part of local infiltration analgesia protocols following orthopaedic surgery."2.87Randomized controlled trial of intra-articular ketorolac on pain and inflammation after minor arthroscopic knee surgery. ( Bjerkeli, V; Gordh, T; Gregersen, I; Halvorsen, B; Rosseland, LA; Solheim, N; Stubhaug, A, 2018)
"Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity that has been effectively used in the management of mild-to-moderate pain since the mid-1960s."2.50Role of indomethacin in acute pain and inflammation management: a review of the literature. ( Nalamachu, S; Wortmann, R, 2014)
"Most relapses in breast cancer are in the early category."2.49Reduction of breast cancer relapses with perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: new findings and a review. ( Baum, M; De Kock, M; Demicheli, R; Forget, P; Gukas, I; Hrushesky, WJ; Retsky, M; Rogers, RA; Sukhatme, V; Vaidya, JS, 2013)
"The initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS), the initiation time of tonic-clonic seizures (ITTS), seizure duration (SD), and mortality rate (MR) were measured for 30 min."1.91Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injection of the Steroidal and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Seizures during the Estrous Cycle in Rat. ( Fazlelahi, Z; Kaboutari, J; Panahi, N; Zendehdel, M, 2023)
"Ocular inflammation was induced where after the ocular coil was inserted, or eye drops, or no treatment was provided."1.62Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil in New Zealand white rabbits. ( Bertens, CJF; Dias, AAJ; Ghosh, A; Gijs, M; Nuijts, RMMA; Sethu, S; van den Biggelaar, FJHM, 2021)
"This may also explain sudden confusion and dementia for the elderly after surgery."1.48Breast Cancer Relapse, Post-Surgical Confusion, and Dementia in the Elderly: An Unexpected Connection but with the Same Proposed Solution. ( Forget, P; Retsky, MW, 2018)
"Treatment with morphine (1mg/kg, s."1.38Involvement of inflammation in severe post-operative pain demonstrated by pre-surgical and post-surgical treatment with piroxicam and ketorolac. ( Fujita, I; Kita, Y; Okumura, T; Sakakibara, A, 2012)
"Paw inflammation was induced with 3% carrageenan and was measured with a plethysmometer at 30 minutes and 4, 8, and 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection."1.36Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid. ( Corbett, S; Daniel, J; Drayton, R; Field, M; Garrett, N; Steinhardt, R, 2010)
"Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug."1.34Ketorolac-dextran conjugates: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. ( Chaturvedi, SC; Trivedi, P; Vyas, S, 2007)
" Footpad PG levels returned to base line or below within 5 min of dosing with ketorolac, which suggests rapid turnover of PG in the inflamed tissue."1.30Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 rapidly reverses inflammatory hyperalgesia and prostaglandin E2 production. ( Isakson, PC; Portanova, J; Seibert, K; Shaffer, A; Zhang, Y, 1997)

Research

Studies (41)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (2.44)18.7374
1990's1 (2.44)18.2507
2000's15 (36.59)29.6817
2010's20 (48.78)24.3611
2020's4 (9.76)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Muchowski, JM1
Galeazzi, E1
Greenhouse, R1
Guzmán, A1
Peréz, V1
Ackerman, N1
Ballaron, SA1
Rovito, JR1
Tomolonis, AJ1
Young, JM1
Martínez-Martínez, MDC1
Parra-Flores, LI1
Baeza-Flores, GDC1
Torres-López, JE1
Fazlelahi, Z1
Kaboutari, J1
Zendehdel, M1
Panahi, N1
Ghiselli, R1
Lucarini, G1
Ortenzi, M1
Salvolini, E1
Saccomanno, S1
Orlando, F1
Provinciali, M1
Casciani, F1
Guerrieri, M1
Bertens, CJF1
Gijs, M1
Dias, AAJ1
van den Biggelaar, FJHM1
Ghosh, A1
Sethu, S1
Nuijts, RMMA1
Kuchálik, J1
Magnuson, A1
Tina, E1
Gupta, A1
Solheim, N1
Gregersen, I1
Halvorsen, B1
Bjerkeli, V1
Stubhaug, A1
Gordh, T1
Rosseland, LA1
Wu, PC1
Shieh, DB1
Hsiao, HT2
Wang, JC1
Lin, YC1
Liu, YC1
Matava, MJ1
Retsky, MW1
Forget, P4
Hirsch, S1
Corradini, L1
Just, S1
Arndt, K1
Doods, H1
Berlière, M1
van Maanen, A1
Duhoux, FP1
Machiels, JP1
Coulie, PG1
Bouche, G1
De Kock, M3
Retsky, M1
Demicheli, R1
Hrushesky, WJ1
Gukas, I1
Rogers, RA1
Baum, M1
Sukhatme, V1
Vaidya, JS1
Nalamachu, S1
Wortmann, R1
Jung, JW1
Chung, BH1
Kim, EK1
Seo, KY1
Kim, TI1
Ganapathy, PS1
Lowder, CY1
Srivastava, SK1
Zhao, X1
Xia, S1
Wang, E1
Chen, Y1
Scarlett, JM1
Zhu, X1
Enriori, PJ1
Bowe, DD1
Batra, AK1
Levasseur, PR1
Grant, WF1
Meguid, MM1
Cowley, MA1
Marks, DL1
Watts, JA1
Gellar, MA1
Stuart, LK1
Obraztsova, M1
Kline, JA1
Hamza, M2
Wang, XM2
Adam, A1
Brahim, JS2
Rowan, JS2
Carmona, GN1
Dionne, RA2
Corbett, S1
Daniel, J1
Drayton, R1
Field, M1
Steinhardt, R1
Garrett, N1
Wu, T1
Sokolov, AY1
Lyubashina, OA1
Panteleev, SS1
Chizh, BA1
Ing Lorenzini, K1
Besson, M1
Daali, Y1
Salomon, D1
Dayer, P1
Desmeules, J1
Fujita, I1
Okumura, T1
Sakakibara, A1
Kita, Y1
Mazzocca, AD1
McCarthy, MB1
Intravia, J1
Beitzel, K1
Apostolakos, J1
Cote, MP1
Bradley, J1
Arciero, RA1
Blais, V2
Zhang, J1
Rivest, S2
Ma, W2
Eisenach, JC2
Yaksh, TL1
Horais, KA1
Tozier, N1
Rathbun, M1
Richter, P1
Rossi, S1
Grafe, M1
Tong, C1
Meschter, C1
Cline, JM1
Eisenach, J1
Hsueh, SF1
Lu, CY1
Chao, CS1
Tan, PH1
Huang, YW1
Hsieh, SW1
Chung, NC1
Lin, SH1
Huang, PL1
Lyu, PC1
Yang, LC1
Dogan, N1
Erdem, AF1
Gundogdu, C1
Kursad, H1
Kizilkaya, M1
Turrin, NP1
Vyas, S1
Trivedi, P1
Chaturvedi, SC1
Zhang, Y1
Shaffer, A1
Portanova, J1
Seibert, K1
Isakson, PC1
Hong, SH1
Ondrey, FG1
Avis, IM1
Chen, Z1
Loukinova, E1
Cavanaugh, PF1
Van Waes, C1
Mulshine, JL1
Junger, H1
Sorkin, LS1
Gupta, AK1
Madan, S1
Majumdar, DK1
Maitra, A1
Du Manoir, B1
Fletcher, D1
Al-Samsam, T1
Chelly, JE1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Perioperative Ketorolac in High Risk Breast Cancer Patients With and Without Inflammation. A Prospective Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.[NCT01806259]Phase 3203 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: a Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial[NCT04895280]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-04-30Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs. Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial[NCT04115644]Phase 482 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-01Terminated (stopped due to Covid-19 and we failed to submit annual report for 2017 and 2018)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Overall Survival

2 years for the primary analysis + 3 additional years for secondary analysis (From date of randomization until the date of death from any cause assessed up to 5 years) (NCT01806259)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ketorolac 30 mg93
NaCl 0.9% 3mL105

Recurrence-free Survival

2 years for the primary analysis + 3 additional years for secondary analysis (From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 5 years) (NCT01806259)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ketorolac 30 mg80
NaCl 0.9% 3mL96

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale after first injection. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Baseline - immediately after the injection

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.197
Group 2 (Ketorolac)3.577
Group 3 (Kenalog)3.677

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale prior to first injection. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Baseline - pre-injection

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)5.77
Group 2 (Ketorolac)4.57
Group 3 (Kenalog)4.67

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Day 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)2.347
Group 2 (Ketorolac)2.837
Group 3 (Kenalog)2.67

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 1

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.397
Group 2 (Ketorolac)3.7
Group 3 (Kenalog)3.257

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.447
Group 2 (Ketorolac)1.417
Group 3 (Kenalog)2.027

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.547
Group 2 (Ketorolac)2.67
Group 3 (Kenalog)2.57

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.547
Group 2 (Ketorolac)2.67
Group 3 (Kenalog)2.317

Visual Analog Scale

Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Group 1 (Control)3.357
Group 2 (Ketorolac)2.757
Group 3 (Kenalog)2.687

Reviews

5 reviews available for ketorolac and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Injectable Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Sport.
    Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Inflammation; Injectio

2018
Reduction of breast cancer relapses with perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: new findings and a review.
    Current medicinal chemistry, 2013, Volume: 20, Issue:33

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast Neoplasms; Computer Simulation; Disease-Free Surviva

2013
Perspectives in anaesthesia for cancer surgery.
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2014, Volume: 140, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fem

2014
Role of indomethacin in acute pain and inflammation management: a review of the literature.
    Postgraduate medicine, 2014, Volume: 126, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Pain; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Ketorolac;

2014
Comparison of the efficacy and patients' tolerability of Nepafenac and Ketorolac in the treatment of ocular inflammation following cataract surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Anterior Chamber; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzeneacetamides; Cataract Extraction; H

2017

Trials

6 trials available for ketorolac and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Does local infiltration analgesia reduce peri-operative inflammation following total hip arthroplasty? A randomized, double-blind study.
    BMC anesthesiology, 2017, 05-03, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip;

2017
Randomized controlled trial of intra-articular ketorolac on pain and inflammation after minor arthroscopic knee surgery.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthroscopy; Cells, Cultured; Female; Humans; Inflam

2018
Perioperative ketorolac in high risk breast cancer patients. Rationale, feasibility and methodology of a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Medical hypotheses, 2013, Volume: 81, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Ketorolac;

2013
The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery.
    Yonsei medical journal, 2015, Volume: 56, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzophenones; Bromobenzenes; Cataract; Cataract Extr

2015
Nitric oxide is negatively correlated to pain during acute inflammation.
    Molecular pain, 2010, Sep-15, Volume: 6

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Inflammat

2010
A randomized, controlled trial validates a peripheral supra-additive antihyperalgesic effect of a paracetamol-ketorolac combination.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2011, Volume: 109, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipyretics; Cross-Over

2011

Other Studies

30 other studies available for ketorolac and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Synthesis and antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of 5-aroyl-6-(methylthio)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-ca rboxyl ic acids and 1-methyl-4-(methylthio)-5-aroylpyrrole-2-acetic acids.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1989, Volume: 32, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetates; Analgesia; Animals; Aspirin; Benzoquinones; Carboxylic Acids; Carrageenan; Chemical Phenom

1989
Isobolographic analysis of antinociceptive effect of ketorolac, indomethacin, and paracetamol after simultaneous peripheral local and systemic administration.
    Behavioural pharmacology, 2022, 02-01, Volume: 33, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Dr

2022
Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injection of the Steroidal and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Seizures during the Estrous Cycle in Rat.
    Archives of Razi Institute, 2023, Volume: 78, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Estrous Cycle; Female; Inflammation; Ketorolac; Methylprednisolon

2023
Anastomotic healing in a rat model of peritonitis after non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration.
    European journal of histochemistry : EJH, 2020, Jan-10, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Anastomotic Leak; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cecum; Di

2020
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil in New Zealand white rabbits.
    Drug delivery, 2021, Volume: 28, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aqueous Humor; Drug Delivery Systems; Eye; Female;

2021
Magnetic field distribution modulation of intrathecal delivered ketorolac iron-oxide nanoparticle conjugates produce excellent analgesia for chronic inflammatory pain.
    Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2018, May-16, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Ketorolac; Magne

2018
Breast Cancer Relapse, Post-Surgical Confusion, and Dementia in the Elderly: An Unexpected Connection but with the Same Proposed Solution.
    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2018, Dec-03, Volume: 54, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast Neoplasms; Confusi

2018
The CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS peripherally alleviates inflammatory pain in rats.
    Pain, 2013, Volume: 154, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Behav

2013
Aggressive Initial Presentation of HLA-B27 Uveitis in Older Individuals: A Case Series.
    Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2018, Volume: 26, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Female; Glucocorticoids; HLA-B27 A

2018
Regulation of agouti-related protein messenger ribonucleic acid transcription and peptide secretion by acute and chronic inflammation.
    Endocrinology, 2008, Volume: 149, Issue:10

    Topics: Agouti-Related Protein; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypotha

2008
Proinflammatory events in right ventricular damage during pulmonary embolism: effects of treatment with ketorolac in rats.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chemokine CXCL1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase

2009
Kinin B1 receptors contributes to acute pain following minor surgery in humans.
    Molecular pain, 2010, Feb-13, Volume: 6

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bradykinin; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Down-Regulation; Female; Ge

2010
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid.
    Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal;

2010
Neurophysiological markers of central sensitisation in the trigeminal pathway and their modulation by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor ketorolac.
    Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Dura Mater; Electric Stimula

2010
Involvement of inflammation in severe post-operative pain demonstrated by pre-surgical and post-surgical treatment with piroxicam and ketorolac.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2012, Volume: 64, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Hyperalgesia;

2012
An in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of platelet-rich plasma, ketorolac, and methylprednisolone.
    Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cells, Cultured; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; In

2013
In altering the release of glucocorticoids, ketorolac exacerbates the effects of systemic immune stimuli on expression of proinflammatory genes in the brain.
    Endocrinology, 2002, Volume: 143, Issue:12

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Brain; Chemokine CCL2; Corticosterone; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 I

2002
Intraplantar injection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac reduces immunoreactivities of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and dynorphin in the dorsal horn of rats with nerve injury or inflammation.
    Neuroscience, 2003, Volume: 121, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Carrageenan; Cell Count; Cyclooxygenase

2003
Intrathecal ketorolac in dogs and rats.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Body Weight; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru

2004
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase expression of inducible COX-2 isoform of cyclooxygenase in spinal cord of rats with adjuvant induced inflammation.
    Brain research. Molecular brain research, 2004, Jun-18, Volume: 125, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhi

2004
The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 82, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cartilage, Articular; Inflamma

2004
The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 82, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cartilage, Articular; Inflamma

2004
The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 82, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cartilage, Articular; Inflamma

2004
The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 82, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cartilage, Articular; Inflamma

2004
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition increases the inflammatory response in the brain during systemic immune stimuli.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 2005, Volume: 95, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase I

2005
Ketorolac-dextran conjugates: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
    Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia), 2007, Volume: 57, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetic Acid; Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Buffers; Carrag

2007
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 rapidly reverses inflammatory hyperalgesia and prostaglandin E2 production.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 283, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Ketorolac; Male; Rats;

1997
Cyclooxygenase regulates human oropharyngeal carcinomas via the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6: a general role for inflammation?
    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Division; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Culture Me

2000
Isoprostanes induce plasma extravasation in rat skin.
    Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2000, Volume: 62, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Evans Blue; Extravasation of Diagnostic

2000
Ketorolac entrapped in polymeric micelles: preparation, characterisation and ocular anti-inflammatory studies.
    International journal of pharmaceutics, 2000, Nov-19, Volume: 209, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Acrylamides; Acrylates; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dinoprostone; Excipients;

2000
Preemptive analgesic effect or short delay for inflammation?
    Anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 96, Issue:2

    Topics: Ankle Injuries; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Humans; Inflammation; Ketorolac; Pain Measu

2002
Is the administration of ketorolac associated with preemptive analgesia?
    Anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 96, Issue:2

    Topics: Ankle Injuries; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Humans; Inflammation; Ketorolac; Pain Measu

2002
Morphological and pharmacological evidence for the role of peripheral prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
    The European journal of neuroscience, 2002, Volume: 15, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxyge

2002