Page last updated: 2024-10-29

ketamine and Muscle Relaxation

ketamine has been researched along with Muscle Relaxation in 59 studies

Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.

Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In vitro preparations of trachea isolated from normal and asthmatic guinea pigs were used to measure their maximum contractile response to histamine challenge and to determine spontaneous relaxation of smooth muscle of the airway."7.66Effects of ketamine and halothane on normal and asthmatic smooth muscle of the airway in guinea pigs. ( Aldrete, JA; Cabanas, A; Souhrada, JF, 1980)
" Combinations using an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and ketamine have been shown to be effective for immobilization but are not reversible and can produce severe hypertension and prolonged or rough recoveries."3.71Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-butorphanol-diazepam, and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine in captive red wolves (Canis rufus). ( Horne, WA; Kelly, BT; Larsen, RS; Loomis, MR; Sladky, KK; Stoskopf, MK, 2002)
" Under xylazine and ketamine anesthesia, an extraluminal force transducer was implanted on the serosal surface of the gastric body to monitor the circular muscle motility."3.70Mechanism of cholecystokinin-induced relaxation of the rat stomach. ( Owyang, C; Takahashi, T, 1999)
"A total of 29 peafowl (Pavo cristatus), rectified surgically for infraorbital abscesses (n = 22), lacerated wounds (n = 4), and fractures of tibia (n = 2) and radius (n = 1), were anaesthetized by the intravenous administration of ketamine hydrochloride (Inj."3.69Clinical perspectives of intravenous ketamine anaesthesia in peafowl (Pavo cristatus). ( Athar, M; Chaudhry, NI; Muhammad, G; Sarwar, MN; Shakoor, A, 1996)
"In vitro preparations of trachea isolated from normal and asthmatic guinea pigs were used to measure their maximum contractile response to histamine challenge and to determine spontaneous relaxation of smooth muscle of the airway."3.66Effects of ketamine and halothane on normal and asthmatic smooth muscle of the airway in guinea pigs. ( Aldrete, JA; Cabanas, A; Souhrada, JF, 1980)
"Muscle relaxation was provided by rocuronium 0."2.69Influence of induction of anaesthesia on intubating conditions one minute after rocuronium administration: comparison of ketamine and thiopentone. ( Brichant, JF; Dewandre, PY; Hans, P; Hubert, B; Lamy, M, 1999)
"Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished the endothelium-dependent attenuation of lemakalim-induced relaxation caused by etomidate."1.32Inhibitory effects of etomidate and ketamine on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel relaxation in canine pulmonary artery. ( Murray, PA; Sohn, JT, 2003)
"Ketamine was shown to increase coronary blood flow."1.32[Ketamine attenuates the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in isolated coronary artery rings]. ( Frerichs, A; Hellige, G; Klockgether-Radke, AP, 2003)
"Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator that, in clinically used concentrations, relaxes airway smooth muscle in part by a direct effect."1.30Calcium concentration-dependent mechanisms through which ketamine relaxes canine airway smooth muscle. ( Jones, KA; Lorenz, RR; Pabelick, CM; Street, K; Warner, DO, 1997)
"Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator, but its mode of action is unclear."1.29Mechanisms of the relaxant action of ketamine on isolated porcine trachealis muscle. ( Hatch, DJ; Rehder, K; Wilson, LE, 1993)
" Two dosage levels were administered intraperitoneally."1.29Evaluation of ketamine-xylazine in Syrian hamsters. ( Clark, JA; Dixon, D; Forsythe, DB; Myers, PH; Payton, AJ; Snipe, JR, 1993)
" Optimal length was determined, a dose-response curve to acetylcholine was established, and the 50% effective dose (ED50) of acetylcholine was calculated."1.29Direct relaxant effects of intravenous anesthetics on airway smooth muscle. ( Bosnjak, ZJ; Cheng, EY; Coon, RL; Kampine, JP; Mazzeo, AJ, 1996)
"Acepromazine/ketamine was free of undesirable side effects but provided inadequate anaesthetic cover."1.28An evaluation of medetomidine/ketamine and other drug combinations for anaesthesia in cats. ( Donnay, I; Ectors, F; Fargetton, X; Verstegen, J, 1991)
"Propofol anaesthesia was characterised by smooth rapid induction and good muscle relaxation but was only of short duration, ranging from two to seven minutes, and seemed to cause a marked respiratory depression."1.28Preliminary studies on the use of propofol in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia). ( Cooper, JE; Fitzgerald, G, 1990)
"Ketamine was used on 80 occasions to induce anaesthesia in 77 animals."1.27A field trial of ketamine anaesthesia in the horse. ( Fisher, RJ, 1984)

Research

Studies (59)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199012 (20.34)18.7374
1990's31 (52.54)18.2507
2000's13 (22.03)29.6817
2010's3 (5.08)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Volpato, J1
Mattoso, CR1
Beier, SL1
Coelho, MM1
Tocheto, R1
Kirsten, CE1
Yonezawa, LA1
Saito, ME1
Alves-Júnior, JR1
Bosso, AC1
Andrade, MB1
Werther, K1
Santos, AL1
Ward, JL1
Schober, KE1
Fuentes, VL1
Bonagura, JD1
Larsen, RS1
Loomis, MR1
Kelly, BT1
Sladky, KK1
Stoskopf, MK1
Horne, WA1
Sohn, JT1
Murray, PA1
Selmi, AL2
Mendes, GM2
Lins, BT1
Figueiredo, JP1
Barbudo-Selmi, GR1
Kohjitani, A2
Miyawaki, T1
Funahashi, M1
Higuchi, H1
Matsuo, R1
Shimada, M1
Klockgether-Radke, AP1
Frerichs, A1
Hellige, G1
Boere, V1
Cozer, LA1
Filho, ES1
Silva, CA1
Hanouz, JL1
Persehaye, E1
Zhu, L1
Lammens, S1
Lepage, O1
Massetti, M1
Babatasi, G1
Khayat, A1
Bricard, H1
Gérard, JL1
Davison, KE1
Hughes, JM1
Gormley, E1
Lesellier, S1
Costello, E1
Corner, LA1
Redig, PT1
Larson, AA1
Duke, GE1
Fisher, RJ1
Keith, I1
Shenoy, BJ1
Cabanas, A1
Souhrada, JF1
Aldrete, JA1
Hirota, K3
Zsigmond, EK3
Matsuki, A3
Rabito, SF3
Bissinger, U1
Miyawaki, I1
Nakamura, K1
Terasako, K1
Toda, H1
Kakuyama, M1
Mori, K1
Ratz, PH1
Callahan, PE1
Lattanzio, FA1
Lin, HC1
Wallace, SS1
Tyler, JW1
Robbins, RL1
Thurmon, JC1
Wolfe, DF1
Wilson, LE1
Hatch, DJ1
Rehder, K1
Abdalla, SS1
Laravuso, RB1
Will, JA1
Pedersen, CM1
Thirstrup, S1
Nielsen-Kudsk, JE1
Payton, AJ1
Forsythe, DB1
Dixon, D1
Myers, PH1
Clark, JA1
Snipe, JR1
Cheng, EY1
Mazzeo, AJ1
Bosnjak, ZJ1
Coon, RL1
Kampine, JP2
Sato, T2
Shirakawa, J1
Okada, S1
Obara, H1
Athar, M1
Shakoor, A1
Muhammad, G1
Sarwar, MN1
Chaudhry, NI1
Matthews, NS2
Taylor, TS2
Skrobarcek, CL1
Williams, JD2
Hartsfield, SM1
Tsujita, T1
Shibata, O1
Makita, T1
Iwanaga, S1
Nakamura, H1
Fukusaki, M1
Sumikawa, K1
Pabelick, CM1
Jones, KA2
Street, K1
Lorenz, RR1
Warner, DO2
Fournier-Chambrillon, C1
Fournier, P1
Vié, JC2
Vogel, I1
de Thoisy, B1
Takahashi, T1
Owyang, C1
Hans, P1
Brichant, JF1
Hubert, B1
Dewandre, PY1
Lamy, M1
Galka, ME1
Aguilar, JM1
Quevedo, MA1
Santisteban, JM1
Gómez-Villamandos, RJ1
Hanazaki, M1
Pawde, AM1
Kinjavdekar, P1
Aithal, HP1
Pratap, K1
Bisht, GS1
Ben-David, B1
Grobler, D2
Bush, M2
Jessup, D1
Lance, W2
Citino, SB1
Kurka, P1
Gerlipp, OF1
Pereira, PM1
White, GL1
Holmes, DD1
Chen, CF1
Tsou, CT1
Chow, SY1
Yamazaki, M1
Momose, Y1
Ito, Y1
Kuze, S1
Coughlan, MG1
Flynn, NM1
Kenny, D1
Warltier, DC1
Chung, HC1
Ho, ST1
Ho, W1
Yen, MH1
Lin, CY1
Deleforge, J1
Davot, JL1
Boisrame, B1
Delatour, P1
Verstegen, J1
Fargetton, X2
Donnay, I1
Ectors, F1
Riou, B1
Viars, P1
Lecarpentier, Y1
Fitzgerald, G1
Cooper, JE1
Moens, Y1
Kanmura, Y1
Yoshitake, J1
Casteels, R1
Bone, L1
Battles, AH1
Goldfarb, RD1
Lombard, CW1
Moreland, AF1
Milam, SB1
White, RJ1
Bali, S1
Bark, H1

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Comparison of Onset and Duration of Rocuronium Induced Neuromuscular Block Between 2nd Trimester Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women[NCT02797860]90 participants (Actual)Observational2016-06-30Completed
The Prevention of Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction by Ketamine: a Prospective Multicenter Randomized Blinded Placebo-controlled Trial in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopaedic Surgery[NCT02892916]Phase 3307 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-20Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trials

8 trials available for ketamine and Muscle Relaxation

ArticleYear
Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in cats.
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2003, Jan-01, Volume: 222, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Butorphanol; Cardiovascular System; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; De

2003
Assessment of dexmedetomidine/ketamine anesthesia in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas).
    Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Hemodynamics; Hypnotics an

2004
Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of combinations of ketamine, medetomidine, romifidine and butorphanol in European badgers (Meles meles).
    Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics; Animals; Butorphanol; Double-Blind Method; Drug

2007
Comparison of tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in sheep.
    Australian veterinary journal, 1994, Volume: 71, Issue:8

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Drug

1994
A comparison of injectable anaesthetic regimens in mules.
    Equine veterinary journal. Supplement, 1992, Issue:11

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Pressure; Butorphanol; Carbon Diox

1992
A comparison of injectable anaesthetic regimens in Mammoth asses.
    Equine veterinary journal. Supplement, 1992, Issue:11

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Buto

1992
Influence of induction of anaesthesia on intubating conditions one minute after rocuronium administration: comparison of ketamine and thiopentone.
    Anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Androstanols; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; D

1999
Detomidine-diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves.
    Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Animals; Buffaloes; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Rate; Imidazol

2000

Other Studies

51 other studies available for ketamine and Muscle Relaxation

ArticleYear
Sedative, hematologic and hemostatic effects of dexmedetomidine-butorphanol alone or in combination with ketamine in cats.
    Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Butorphanol; Cardiovascular System; Cat Diseases; Cats; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine

2015
Association of midazolam with ketamine in giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa breed in captivity.
    Acta cirurgica brasileira, 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Female; Heart Rate; Ketamine; Locomotion; Ma

2012
Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats.
    Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure Determination; Butorphanol; Cardiovascular System; Cat Diseases; Cats; Consc

2012
Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol, medetomidine-butorphanol-diazepam, and medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine in captive red wolves (Canis rufus).
    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2002, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Blood Pressure; Body

2002
Inhibitory effects of etomidate and ketamine on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel relaxation in canine pulmonary artery.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cro

2003
Ketamine and midazolam differentially inhibit nonadrenergic noncholinergic lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in rabbits: role of superoxide anion and nitric oxide synthase.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Esophagogast

2003
[Ketamine attenuates the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in isolated coronary artery rings].
    Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS, 2003, Volume: 38, Issue:12

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationshi

2003
The inotropic and lusitropic effects of ketamine in isolated human atrial myocardium: the effect of adrenoceptor blockade.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Diss

2004
Response of great horned owls given the optical isomers of ketamine.
    American journal of veterinary research, 1984, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Animals; Biotransformation; Birds; Immobilization; Isomerism; Ketamine; Mice;

1984
A field trial of ketamine anaesthesia in the horse.
    Equine veterinary journal, 1984, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Female; Horses; Ketamine; Male; Methadone; Muscle Relaxa

1984
Total intravenous anaesthesia with low dose ketamine and Althesin. Assessment of a technique for minor surgery in difficult situations.
    Anaesthesia, 1981, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Female; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Minor

1981
Effects of ketamine and halothane on normal and asthmatic smooth muscle of the airway in guinea pigs.
    Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1980, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Asthma; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Halo

1980
Ketamine inhibits contractile responses of intestinal smooth muscle by decreasing the influx of calcium through the L-type calcium channel.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:6

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

1995
Different onset times of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade at the adductor pollicis and stapedius muscles.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 81, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Humans; Ketamin

1995
Modification of endothelium-dependent relaxation by propofol, ketamine, and midazolam.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 81, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Binding Sites; Cyclic GMP; Endothelium, Vascular;

1995
Ketamine relaxes rabbit femoral arteries by reducing [Ca2+]i and phospholipase C activity.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1993, Jun-04, Volume: 236, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

1993
Mechanisms of the relaxant action of ketamine on isolated porcine trachealis muscle.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1993, Volume: 71, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro T

1993
Mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of ketamine on guinea pig isolated main pulmonary artery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1994, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Buffers; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Carrier Proteins; Cell Me

1994
Smooth muscle relaxant effects of propofol and ketamine in isolated guinea-pig trachea.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1993, Jul-06, Volume: 238, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; In

1993
Evaluation of ketamine-xylazine in Syrian hamsters.
    The Cornell veterinarian, 1993, Volume: 83, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Cricetinae; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Injections,

1993
Direct relaxant effects of intravenous anesthetics on airway smooth muscle.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Bronchi; Calcium; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship

1996
Relaxant effect of ketamine and its isomers on histamine-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 76, Issue:2

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

1996
The relaxing effect of ketamine on isolated rabbit lower esophageal sphincter.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 84, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Atropine; Bucladesine; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; C

1997
Clinical perspectives of intravenous ketamine anaesthesia in peafowl (Pavo cristatus).
    Acta veterinaria Hungarica, 1996, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Abscess; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Dose-Resp

1996
Effects of intravenous anesthetics on the contraction and response of rat trachea to phosphatidylinositol.
    Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 95, Issue:3

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Carbachol; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Male; Midazo

1997
Calcium concentration-dependent mechanisms through which ketamine relaxes canine airway smooth muscle.
    Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 86, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dogs; Fe

1997
Immobilization of wild collared anteaters with ketamine- and xylazine-hydrochloride.
    Journal of wildlife diseases, 1997, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Animals, Wild; Body Temperature; Female; Heart Rate;

1997
Comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in free-ranging two-toed sloths in French guiana.
    Journal of wildlife diseases, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Acepromazine; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combi

1998
The role of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor in the relaxant effect of ketamine on tracheal smooth muscle.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Bronchodilator Agents; Chlorides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fe

1998
Mechanism of cholecystokinin-induced relaxation of the rat stomach.
    Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 1999, Feb-15, Volume: 75, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ganglionectom

1999
Alpha-2 agonist dissociative anesthetic combinations in fallow deer (Cervus dama).
    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 1999, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Bo

1999
Effects of intravenous anesthetics on Ca2+ sensitivity in canine tracheal smooth muscle.
    Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Calcium; Dogs; Female; Halothane; Ketami

2000
NMDA receptor blockade: from the laboratory to clinical application.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2000, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Evoked Potential

2000
Anaesthesia of gemsbok (Oryx gazella) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine.
    Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2001, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Antelopes; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Fentanyl; Heart Rate;

2001
Anaesthesia of roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine.
    Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2001, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Antelopes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

2001
[Clinical experience with flunitrazepam combination anesthesia].
    Klinische Anasthesiologie und Intensivtherapie, 1978, Issue:17

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Barbiturates; Droperidol; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Ele

1978
[Use of ketamine hydrochloride in oral surgery (presentation of a case)].
    Quintessencia, 1977, Volume: 4, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Ketamine; Male; Maxillofacial Injuries; Muscle Relaxation;

1977
A comparison of ketamine and the combination ketamine-xylazine for effective surgical anesthesia in the rabbit.
    Laboratory animal science, 1976, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Ketamine; Muscle Relaxation; Rabbits; Reflex; Thiazines; Xylazine

1976
Effect of ketamine on the tracheobronchial trees of guinea-pigs.
    Taiwan yi xue hui za zhi. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 1976, Volume: 75, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dyspnea; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Ketamine; Lung; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Propran

1976
Ketamine-induced relaxation of rabbit portal vein.
    Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 58 Suppl 2

    Topics: Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; Ketamine; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Va

1992
Differential relaxant effect of high concentrations of intravenous anesthetics on endothelin-constricted proximal and distal canine coronary arteries.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1992, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelins; Female;

1992
Partially endothelium-dependent relaxing effect of ketamine on the canine basilar artery in vitro.
    Ma zui xue za zhi = Anaesthesiologica Sinica, 1992, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Calcium; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Fem

1992
Enantioselectivity in the anaesthetic effect of ketamine in dogs.
    Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Dogs; Female; Ketamine; Male; Molecular Conformation; M

1991
An evaluation of medetomidine/ketamine and other drug combinations for anaesthesia in cats.
    The Veterinary record, 1991, Jan-12, Volume: 128, Issue:2

    Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia; Animals; Cats; Drug Combinations; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Injections, Intr

1991
Effects of ketamine on the cardiac papillary muscle of normal hamsters and those with cardiomyopathy.
    Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 73, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cardiomyopathies; Cricetinae; In Vitro Techniques; Ketamine; Mesoc

1990
Preliminary studies on the use of propofol in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia).
    Research in veterinary science, 1990, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Apnea; Bird Diseases; Columbidae; Female; Heart Rate; Inject

1990
A comparative study of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in dogs.
    The Veterinary record, 1990, Dec-08, Volume: 127, Issue:23

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Animals; Body Temperature; Dogs; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; Intubatio

1990
Ketamine-induced relaxation in intact and skinned smooth muscles of the rabbit ear artery.
    British journal of pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 97, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arteries; Caffeine; Ear; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Ketamine; Male; Muscle Contraction; M

1989
Electrocardiographic values from clinically normal, anesthetized ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).
    American journal of veterinary research, 1988, Volume: 49, Issue:11

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Carnivora; Drug Combinations; Electrocardiography; Ferrets; Heart Rate; Ketamin

1988
Pain control in dentistry: general anesthesia.
    The Compendium of continuing education in dentistry, 1986, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous;

1986
Xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in the dromedary camel under field conditions.
    The Veterinary record, 1987, Jan-31, Volume: 120, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Body Temperature; Camelus; Female; Heart Rate; Injections,

1987