ketamine and Blood Pressure, Low studies

Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the effect of different doses of esketamine compared with the effect of fentanyl on incidence of perioperative hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery and to explore the optimal esketamine dose for this population."	9.51	Effect of different doses of esketamine compared with fentanyl combined with propofol on hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. ( Chen, J; Hu, B; Shen, M; Wang, F; Yang, Y; Zhou, Q; Zou, X, 2022)
"Low dose ketamine or ephedrine pretreatment may prevent hypotension due to propofol induction."	9.11	Comparison of ephedrine and ketamine in prevention of injection pain and hypotension due to propofol induction. ( Altunkaya, H; Ayoğlu, H; Ciçek, E; Demirel, CB; Ozer, Y; Ozkoçak, I, 2005)
"In our cohort of patients undergoing emergent tracheal intubation, ketamine was used more often for patients with an elevated shock index."	8.12	Ketamine is not associated with more post-intubation hypotension than etomidate in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. ( Foster, M; Gelber, A; Hayden, SR; Kennis, B; Lasoff, DR; Self, M; Wardi, G, 2022)
" We assessed the relationship between peri-intubation hypotension and the use of ketamine versus etomidate as an induction agent for emergency department (ED) intubation."	7.96	Ketamine Versus Etomidate and Peri-intubation Hypotension: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study. ( April, MD; Arana, A; Brown, CA; Davis, WT; Fantegrossi, A; Maddry, JK; Oliver, JJ; Schauer, SG; Summers, SM; Walls, RM, 2020)
"A total of 531 patients were intubated for sepsis, and the majority (71%) were intubated with etomidate as the initial induction agent."	7.96	Etomidate Use Is Associated With Less Hypotension Than Ketamine for Emergency Department Sepsis Intubations: A NEAR Cohort Study. ( Brown, CA; Kaji, AH; Mohr, NM; Pape, SG; Runde, D; Walls, RM, 2020)
"Ketamine was associated with a lower incidence of clinical hypotension within the 24 hour period following endotracheal intubation in septic patients."	7.85	Increased incidence of clinical hypotension with etomidate compared to ketamine for intubation in septic patients: A propensity matched analysis. ( Ali, NA; Cape, KM; Doepker, BA; Exline, MC; Phillips, G; Ryder, LP; Van Berkel, MA, 2017)
"After ketamine induction, high shock index patients exhibited blunted hypertensive responses and more frequent hypotension, whereas low shock index patients had sustained increases in pulse rate and SBP."	7.83	Hemodynamic Response After Rapid Sequence Induction With Ketamine in Out-of-Hospital Patients at Risk of Shock as Defined by the Shock Index. ( Burns, B; Habig, K; Heldreich, C; Kruit, N; Miller, M; Reid, C; Ware, S, 2016)
"To explore the effects of ketamine on hemo-dynamics, plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-6) levels and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation during polymicrobial sepsis."	7.73	Effects of ketamine on proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB in polymicrobial sepsis rats. ( Du, ZH; Jia, BH; Ke, JJ; Li, JG; Song, XM; Wang, YL; Zhou, Q, 2006)
"Propofol is a widely used anesthetic drug because of its minor complication and also its fast effect."	6.77	Comparison of effects of ephedrine, lidocaine and ketamine with placebo on injection pain, hypotension and bradycardia due to propofol injection: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. ( Ayatollahi, V; Behdad, S; Kargar, S; Yavari, T, 2012)
"Hypotension is a frequent complication during spinal anaesthesia and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality."	6.67	Intravenous ketamine for prevention of severe hypotension during spinal anaesthesia. ( Hemmingsen, C; Nielsen, JE, 1991)
"There were no significant differences in maximum SOFA score or post-intubation hypotension between critically ill adults receiving ketamine vs."	5.69	The Effect of Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation on Maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Atkins, AH; Driver, BE; Klein, LR; Knack, SKS; Miner, JR; Moore, JC; Prekker, ME, 2023)
" Complications including apnea, hypotension, hypoxia, nausea, and vomiting, along with gastroenterologist satisfaction and patients' pain score (based on Wong-Baker faces pain assessment scale), were recorded by a checklist."	5.51	Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine/Ketamine with Propofol/Fentanyl for Sedation in Colonoscopy Patients: A Doubleblinded Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Aghaali, M; Ahmadpour, S; Alemi, F; Aminnejad, R; Hormati, A; Hormati, M; Sabouri, SM; Saeidi, M; Shafiee, H, 2022)
"Propofol may result in hypotension, bradycardia and loss of protective reflexes, especially in elderly patients, while esketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has analgesic, anaesthetic and sympathomimetic properties and is known to cause less cardiorespiratory depression."	5.51	The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, HY; Ding, T; Liu, W; Song, JC; Yang, B; Yang, H; Zhao, Q, 2022)
" Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the effect of different doses of esketamine compared with the effect of fentanyl on incidence of perioperative hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery and to explore the optimal esketamine dose for this population."	5.51	Effect of different doses of esketamine compared with fentanyl combined with propofol on hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. ( Chen, J; Hu, B; Shen, M; Wang, F; Yang, Y; Zhou, Q; Zou, X, 2022)
"15 mg/kg bolus dose of S-ketamine may significantly reduce the risk of hypotension and induce sedation before delivery."	5.41	Optimum dose of spinal ropivacaine with or without single intravenous bolus of S-ketamine during elective cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind, sequential dose-finding study. ( An, XH; Bian, Y; Chao, YC; Wang, J; Xu, T; Xu, Z; Zhang, X, 2021)
"Adverse events, such as bradycardia and hypotension, were less frequent in the ketamine group (P < 0."	5.13	[Balanced anesthesia with continuous ketamine reduces adverse effects of remifentanil]. ( Onaka, M; Yamamoto, H, 2008)
" Midazolam with bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia when administered intrathecally but does not prevent hypotension."	5.13	Combination of low doses of intrathecal ketamine and midazolam with bupivacaine improves postoperative analgesia in orthopaedic surgery. ( Batra, YK; Murali Krishna, T; Panda, NB; Rajeev, S, 2008)
"Low dose ketamine or ephedrine pretreatment may prevent hypotension due to propofol induction."	5.11	Comparison of ephedrine and ketamine in prevention of injection pain and hypotension due to propofol induction. ( Altunkaya, H; Ayoğlu, H; Ciçek, E; Demirel, CB; Ozer, Y; Ozkoçak, I, 2005)
"In this large registry of patients intubated after receiving either etomidate or ketamine, we observed no association between the weight-based sedative dose and postintubation hypotension."	4.31	Sedative Dose for Rapid Sequence Intubation and Postintubation Hypotension: Is There an Association? ( Brown, CA; Driver, BE; Prekker, ME; Reardon, RF; Trent, SA, 2023)
" There was no demonstrable difference in post-induction hypotension between ketamine-based and midazolam-based PHEA."	4.12	Cardiovascular complications of prehospital emergency anaesthesia in patients with return of spontaneous circulation following medical cardiac arrest: a retrospective comparison of ketamine-based and midazolam-based induction protocols. ( Keeliher, C; Khan-Cheema, H; King, C; Lewinsohn, A; McLachlan, S; Sherren, P; Sherrin, J, 2022)
"Ketamine was associated with less clinically relevant hypotension or bradycardia when compared with propofol or dexmedetomidine, in addition to a smaller absolute decrease in hemodynamic parameters."	4.12	Hemodynamic Effects of Ketamine Compared With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine as Continuous ICU Sedation. ( Atchley, E; Bauer, A; Benken, S; Meyer, R; Pulver, M; Tesoro, E, 2022)
"In our cohort of patients undergoing emergent tracheal intubation, ketamine was used more often for patients with an elevated shock index."	4.12	Ketamine is not associated with more post-intubation hypotension than etomidate in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. ( Foster, M; Gelber, A; Hayden, SR; Kennis, B; Lasoff, DR; Self, M; Wardi, G, 2022)
" We assessed the relationship between peri-intubation hypotension and the use of ketamine versus etomidate as an induction agent for emergency department (ED) intubation."	3.96	Ketamine Versus Etomidate and Peri-intubation Hypotension: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study. ( April, MD; Arana, A; Brown, CA; Davis, WT; Fantegrossi, A; Maddry, JK; Oliver, JJ; Schauer, SG; Summers, SM; Walls, RM, 2020)
"A total of 531 patients were intubated for sepsis, and the majority (71%) were intubated with etomidate as the initial induction agent."	3.96	Etomidate Use Is Associated With Less Hypotension Than Ketamine for Emergency Department Sepsis Intubations: A NEAR Cohort Study. ( Brown, CA; Kaji, AH; Mohr, NM; Pape, SG; Runde, D; Walls, RM, 2020)
"Ketamine was associated with a lower incidence of clinical hypotension within the 24 hour period following endotracheal intubation in septic patients."	3.85	Increased incidence of clinical hypotension with etomidate compared to ketamine for intubation in septic patients: A propensity matched analysis. ( Ali, NA; Cape, KM; Doepker, BA; Exline, MC; Phillips, G; Ryder, LP; Van Berkel, MA, 2017)
"After ketamine induction, high shock index patients exhibited blunted hypertensive responses and more frequent hypotension, whereas low shock index patients had sustained increases in pulse rate and SBP."	3.83	Hemodynamic Response After Rapid Sequence Induction With Ketamine in Out-of-Hospital Patients at Risk of Shock as Defined by the Shock Index. ( Burns, B; Habig, K; Heldreich, C; Kruit, N; Miller, M; Reid, C; Ware, S, 2016)
"In this large, pediatric multicenter registry, fentanyl, midazolam, and ketamine were the most commonly used induction agents, and the majority of tracheal intubations involved neuromuscular blockade."	3.81	Current medication practice and tracheal intubation safety outcomes from a prospective multicenter observational cohort study. ( Brown, CA; Howell, JD; Hsing, DD; Montgomery, V; Nadkarni, VM; Nishisaki, A; Parker, MM; Tarquinio, KM; Turner, DA; Walls, RM, 2015)
"The present study tested the effect of ketamine on the fetal reflex responses of late-gestation sheep to brachiocephalic occlusion (BCO), a stimulus that mimics the reduction in cerebral blood flow that results from severe fetal hypotension."	3.74	Ketamine inhibits fetal ACTH responses to cerebral hypoperfusion. ( Powers, MJ; Wood, CE, 2007)
"To explore the effects of ketamine on hemo-dynamics, plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-6) levels and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation during polymicrobial sepsis."	3.73	Effects of ketamine on proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB in polymicrobial sepsis rats. ( Du, ZH; Jia, BH; Ke, JJ; Li, JG; Song, XM; Wang, YL; Zhou, Q, 2006)
" The adverse event (AE) rate was 18% and included apnea (10%), inadequate sedation (3%), bradycardia (2%), desaturation (1%), hypotension (1%) and bag-valve-mask use (1%)."	3.73	Emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: A Canadian Community Effectiveness and Safety Study (ACCESS). ( Mensour, M; Michaud, J; Pineau, R; Sahai, V, 2006)
"The results support the hypothesis that histaminergic system activation leads to mobilisation of compensatory mechanisms in haemorrhagic hypotension."	3.72	Cardiac and regional haemodynamic effects of histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor metoprine in haemorrhage-shocked rats. ( Jochem, J, 2004)
" in rats anesthetized with ketamine, 60 min before bleeding for 60 min against 40 mm Hg, significantly reduced the severity of kidney lesions."	3.66	The possible role of catecholamines in the protective effect of general anesthetics against kidney lesions in rats subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. ( Cramer, WC; Snijders, PM; Valkenburg, PW; Van der Meer, C; Versluys-Broers, JA, 1980)
"Esketamine is an S (+) enantiomer of ketamine with greater potency and similar psychomimetic effects compared to racemic ketamine."	3.30	Safety and tolerability of esketamine in propofol based sedation for endoscopic variceal ligation with or without injection sclerotherapy: Randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, J; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Dan, L; Duan, G; Huang, H; Liu, R; Lyu, H; Wang, Q; Wang, T, 2023)
"9% saline (placebo) in combination with ketamine and rocuronium, according to a weight-based dosing schedule."	3.11	Fentanyl versus placebo with ketamine and rocuronium for patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department: The FAKT study-A randomized clinical trial. ( Aneman, A; Burns, B; Buttfield, A; Ferguson, I; Harris, IA; Milligan, J; Reid, C; Shepherd, S, 2022)
"Periintubation hypotension is associated with poor outcomes in the critically ill."	2.90	Ketamine/propofol admixture vs etomidate for intubation in the critically ill: KEEP PACE Randomized clinical trial. ( Bauer, PR; Brown, DR; Gajic, O; Gallo De Moraes, A; Hoskote, SS; Iyer, VN; Nicholson, WT; Oeckler, RA; Pickering, B; Schroeder, DR; Smischney, NJ, 2019)
"There were significantly fewer sedation-related adverse effects, but the recovery time was longer with DK."	2.82	A randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety profile of a dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination with a propofol-fentanyl combination for ERCP. ( Goyal, R; Hasnain, S; Mittal, S; Shreevastava, S, 2016)
"We observed that respiratory depression (19."	2.82	Propofol-ketamine combination: a choice with less complications and better hemodynamic stability compared to propofol? On a prospective study in a group of colonoscopy patients. ( Babayıgıt, M; Baykal Tutal, Z; Derelı, N; Gulec, H; Horasanlı, E; Inceoz, H; Kurtay, A, 2016)
"Propofol is a widely used anesthetic drug because of its minor complication and also its fast effect."	2.77	Comparison of effects of ephedrine, lidocaine and ketamine with placebo on injection pain, hypotension and bradycardia due to propofol injection: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. ( Ayatollahi, V; Behdad, S; Kargar, S; Yavari, T, 2012)
"Hypotension is a frequent complication during spinal anaesthesia and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality."	2.67	Intravenous ketamine for prevention of severe hypotension during spinal anaesthesia. ( Hemmingsen, C; Nielsen, JE, 1991)
"Ketamine has been traditionally contra-indicated in the presence of brain injury, but we argue in this review that any adverse effects of the drug on intracranial pressure or cerebral blood flow are in fact attenuated or reversed by controlled ventilation, subsequent anaesthesia and the greater general haemodynamic stability conferred by the drug."	2.45	Anaesthesia in haemodynamically compromised emergency patients: does ketamine represent the best choice of induction agent? ( Klein, J; Mahoney, P; Morris, C; Perris, A, 2009)
"Propofol was commonly used and is potentially associated with poorer clinical outcomes."	1.56	Comparison of drugs used for intubation of pediatric trauma patients. ( Davidson, J; Merritt, N; Mudri, M; Priestap, F; Williams, A, 2020)
"Mild hypoxemia occurred in 24% of cases and resolved with nasal cannula."	1.43	Deep Sedation for Pediatric Dental Procedures: Is this a Safe and Effective Option? ( Ahmed, SS; Hicks, SR; Nitu, ME; Slaven, JE, 2016)
"Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in 21 (53·8%) dogs."	1.40	Management and complications of anaesthesia during balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonic stenosis in dogs: 39 cases (2000 to 2012). ( Monteiro-Steagall, BP; Ramos, RV; Steagall, PV, 2014)
"Hypotension was a common occurrence with all anesthetic induction and maintenance agents even at low doses."	1.36	Anesthesia for noncardiac procedures for children with a Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device: a case series. ( Buchholz, H; Cave, DA; Fry, KM, 2010)
" Seventy-seven adverse events occurred in 68 (6."	1.32	Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. ( Agrawal, D; Gupta, R; Krauss, B; Manzi, SF, 2003)
" Because concern about delayed adverse effects commonly delays discharge after sedation, we attempted to establish the timing of adverse effects in our cohort of procedural sedations."	1.32	When is a patient safe for discharge after procedural sedation? The timing of adverse effect events in 1367 pediatric procedural sedations. ( Azer, MM; Newman, DH; Pitetti, RD; Singh, S, 2003)
"Hypertension was recorded in 11."	1.28	A retrospective survey of anaesthesia in horses with colic. ( Adams, JG; Cowgill, LM; Trim, CM; Ward, SL, 1989)
"The bleeding was followed by reinfusion of the blood remaining in the reservoir at 60 min."	1.27	The effect of dopamine on the occurrence of kidney lesions caused by hypotension in rats. ( Cramer, WC; Snijders, PM; Valkenburg, PW; Van Der Meer, C, 1983)
"Ketamine was found to raise the systemic arterial blood pressure but not necessarily the perfusion in hypovolaemic states."	1.25	The cardiovascular effects of ketamine in hypotensive states. ( Jenkins, LC; Wong, DH, 1975)

Research

Studies (66)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Intensive Care Unit Free Days

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	15 (22.73)	18.7374
1990's	4 (6.06)	18.2507
2000's	16 (24.24)	29.6817
2010's	14 (21.21)	24.3611
2020's	17 (25.76)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Yang, H	1
Zhao, Q	1
Chen, HY	1
Liu, W	1
Ding, T	1
Yang, B	1
Song, JC	1
King, C	1
Lewinsohn, A	1
Keeliher, C	1
McLachlan, S	1
Sherrin, J	1
Khan-Cheema, H	1
Sherren, P	1
Aminnejad, R	1
Hormati, A	1
Shafiee, H	1
Alemi, F	1
Hormati, M	1
Saeidi, M	1
Ahmadpour, S	1
Sabouri, SM	1
Aghaali, M	1
Atchley, E	1
Tesoro, E	1
Meyer, R	1
Bauer, A	1
Pulver, M	1
Benken, S	1
Zhang, X	1
Wang, J	1
An, XH	1
Chao, YC	1
Bian, Y	1
Xu, Z	1
Xu, T	1
Ferguson, I	1
Buttfield, A	1
Burns, B	2
Reid, C	2
Shepherd, S	1
Milligan, J	1
Harris, IA	1
Aneman, A	1
Foster, M	1
Self, M	1
Gelber, A	1
Kennis, B	1
Lasoff, DR	1
Hayden, SR	1
Wardi, G	1
Chen, J	2
Zou, X	1
Hu, B	1
Yang, Y	1
Wang, F	1
Zhou, Q	2
Shen, M	1
Chen, Y	1
Wang, Q	1
Lyu, H	1
Chen, X	1
Liu, R	1
Wang, T	1
Dan, L	1
Huang, H	1
Duan, G	1
Driver, BE	2
Trent, SA	1
Prekker, ME	2
Reardon, RF	1
Brown, CA	4
Knack, SKS	1
Moore, JC	1
Klein, LR	1
Atkins, AH	1
Miner, JR	1
Elsherbiny, M	1
Hasanin, A	1
Kasem, S	1
Abouzeid, M	1
Mostafa, M	1
Fouad, A	1
Abdelwahab, Y	1
Mudri, M	1
Williams, A	1
Priestap, F	1
Davidson, J	1
Merritt, N	1
Emerling, AD	1
Fisher, J	1
Walrath, B	1
Drew, B	1
April, MD	1
Arana, A	1
Schauer, SG	1
Davis, WT	1
Oliver, JJ	1
Fantegrossi, A	1
Summers, SM	1
Maddry, JK	1
Walls, RM	3
Mohr, NM	1
Pape, SG	1
Runde, D	1
Kaji, AH	1
Raisis, AL	1
Mosing, M	1
Hosgood, GL	1
Secombe, CJ	1
Adler, A	1
Waldmann, AD	1
Wiemer, HM	1
Butler, MB	1
Froese, PC	1
Lapierre, A	1
Carriere, C	1
Etsell, GR	1
Farina, D	1
Jones, J	1
Murray, J	1
Campbell, SG	2
Smischney, NJ	1
Nicholson, WT	1
Brown, DR	1
Gallo De Moraes, A	1
Hoskote, SS	1
Pickering, B	1
Oeckler, RA	1
Iyer, VN	1
Gajic, O	1
Schroeder, DR	1
Bauer, PR	1
Ramos, RV	1
Monteiro-Steagall, BP	1
Steagall, PV	1
Tarquinio, KM	1
Howell, JD	1
Montgomery, V	1
Turner, DA	1
Hsing, DD	1
Parker, MM	1
Nadkarni, VM	1
Nishisaki, A	1
Baykal Tutal, Z	1
Gulec, H	1
Derelı, N	1
Babayıgıt, M	1
Kurtay, A	1
Inceoz, H	1
Horasanlı, E	1
Goyal, R	1
Hasnain, S	1
Mittal, S	1
Shreevastava, S	1
Ahmed, SS	1
Hicks, SR	1
Slaven, JE	1
Nitu, ME	1
Miller, M	1
Kruit, N	1
Heldreich, C	1
Ware, S	1
Habig, K	1
Van Berkel, MA	1
Exline, MC	1
Cape, KM	1
Ryder, LP	1
Phillips, G	1
Ali, NA	1
Doepker, BA	1
Onaka, M	1
Yamamoto, H	1
Morris, C	1
Perris, A	1
Klein, J	1
Mahoney, P	1
Caure, S	1
Cousty, M	1
Tricaud, C	1
Cave, DA	1
Fry, KM	1
Buchholz, H	1
Kruger, K	1
Stegmann, GF	2
Vricella, LK	1
Louis, JM	1
Mercer, BM	1
Bolden, N	1
Boudreau, AE	1
Bersenas, AM	1
Kerr, CL	1
Holowaychuk, MK	1
Johnson, RJ	1
Ayatollahi, V	1
Behdad, S	1
Kargar, S	1
Yavari, T	1
Lü, ZP	1
Chen, YP	1
Zou, DQ	1
Agrawal, D	1
Manzi, SF	1
Gupta, R	1
Krauss, B	1
Newman, DH	1
Azer, MM	1
Pitetti, RD	1
Singh, S	1
Jochem, J	1
Ozkoçak, I	1
Altunkaya, H	1
Ozer, Y	1
Ayoğlu, H	1
Demirel, CB	1
Ciçek, E	1
Song, XM	1
Li, JG	1
Wang, YL	1
Du, ZH	1
Jia, BH	1
Ke, JJ	1
Powers, MJ	1
Wood, CE	1
Magee, KD	1
Kovacs, GJ	1
Petrie, DA	1
Tallon, JM	1
McKinley, R	1
Urquhart, DG	1
Hutchins, L	1
Mensour, M	1
Pineau, R	1
Sahai, V	1
Michaud, J	1
Murali Krishna, T	1
Panda, NB	1
Batra, YK	1
Rajeev, S	1
Chen, TS	1
Yeh, FC	1
Chou, YP	1
Chen, HI	1
Van Der Meer, C	2
Cramer, WC	2
Snijders, PM	2
Valkenburg, PW	2
Reisner, LS	1
Versluys-Broers, JA	1
Sparks, CJ	1
Perndt, H	1
Agiomea, K	1
Fa'arondo, J	1
Trim, CM	1
Adams, JG	1
Cowgill, LM	1
Ward, SL	1
van de Bor, M	1
Meinesz, J	1
Benders, MJ	1
Steendijk, P	1
Lopes Cardozo, RH	1
van Bel, F	1
Kienbaum, P	2
Heuter, T	2
Michel, MC	2
Peters, J	2
Pavlakovic, G	1
Longnecker, DE	1
McCoy, S	1
Drucker, WR	1
Goudsouzian, NG	1
Ryan, JF	1
Wong, DH	1
Jenkins, LC	1
Tripathi, M	1
Saxena, GC	1
Hemmingsen, C	1
Nielsen, JE	1
Shah, K	1
Karlman, R	1
Heller, J	1
Corssen, G	1
Reves, JG	1
Carter, JR	1
Sage, M	1
Laird, SM	1
Berkebile, PE	1
Klose, R	1
Peter, K	1
Günzler, W	1
Prinzler, HJ	1
Wadhwa, RK	1
Wadhwa, SR	1
Khurana, RC	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Comparison of Esketamine-Propofol and Fentanyl-Propofol on Haemodynamics in Elderly Patients[NCT05752409]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-08	Recruiting
"Ketamine / Propofol Admixture Ketofol at Induction in the Critically Ill Against Etomidate: KEEP PACE Trial"[NCT02105415]	Phase 2/Phase 3	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety Profile of a Remimazolam-alfentanil Combination With a Propofol-alfentanil Combination for ERCP[NCT04658173]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-22	Recruiting
Prospective Study of Induction Medications Used in the Rapid Sequence Intubation of Trauma Patients and a Comparison of Effects on Outcomes[NCT04291521]		7,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Successful Spinal Needle Insertion Between Obese and Non-obese Pregnant Women in Crossed Leg Sitting Position Undergoing Caesarean Section[NCT03054233]		136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Do Patients Need Pre-Procedural Fasting for Coronary Artery Procedures?[NCT02562638]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

comparison of intensive care unit free days between the two groups (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: hospital discharge or day 28, whichever comes first

Mechanical Ventilation Free Days

Intervention	days (Median)
Etomidate	16
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	17

comparison of mechanical ventilation free days between the two groups (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: hospital discharge or day 28, whichever comes first

Mortality

Intervention	days (Median)
Etomidate	22
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	20

In-hospital/28 day mortality among patients in ketamine/propofol combination compared to in-hospital/28-day mortality in etomidate. (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: Hospital Discharge or Day 28, whichever comes first

Number of Participants Experiencing Delirium Using Confusion Assessment Method in ICU

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Etomidate	26
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	25

Comparison of number of participants who were positive for delirium using CAM-ICU between groups (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours post study drug administration

Number of Participants With Adrenal Insufficiency

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Etomidate	7
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	4

Incidence of adrenal insufficiency between ketamine/propofol admixture and etomidate. Adrenal insuffiency was evaluated with co-syntropin stimulation test. (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours post study drug administration

Blood Product Transfusions

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Etomidate (3-5 Hours)	13
Ketamine/Propofol Admixture (3-5 Hours)	5
Etomidate (23-25 Hours)	9
Ketamine/Propofol Admixture (23-25 Hours)	6

blood product transfusions [Red Blood Cells vs. non-Red Blood Cells] between the two groups (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: hospital discharge or day 28, whichever comes first

Mean Arterial Pressure

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Red blood cell	Non-red blood cell	Colloid
Etomidate	21	16	28
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	13	8	26

Mean arterial pressure for the ketamine/propofol group at a 1:1 dose ratio compared to the etomidate group within the first 15 minutes post-administration in patients in need of urgent and/or emergent endotracheal intubation, as defined by any intubation within the intensive care unit excluding intubations for elective procedural events and codes. (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: baseline and every 5 minutes up to 15 minutes minutes post study drug administration

Vasopressor Use

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Baseline	5 minutes	10 minutes	15 minutes
Etomidate	82.8	81.7	81.9	79.1
Ketamine / Propofol Admixture	80.9	77.6	75.3	75.5

The use of vasoactive medications to restore the blood pressure post-administration in the ketamine/propofol combination as compared to the etomidate group. (NCT02105415)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours post study drug administration

Article	Year
Anaesthesia in haemodynamically compromised emergency patients: does ketamine represent the best choice of induction agent? Anaesthesia, 2009, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Emergencies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Hemodynami	2009
Recent advances in pediatric anesthesia. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1976, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Body Temperature Regulation; Child; Ethane; Halogens; Huma	1976
Neuroleptanesthesia, dissociative anesthesia, and hemorrhage. International anesthesiology clinics, 1974,Spring, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agent	1974
Postoperative care. International ophthalmology clinics, 1973,Summer, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Eye Diseases; Heart Diseases; Hear	1973

Article	Year
The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 88, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypote	2022
Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine/Ketamine with Propofol/Fentanyl for Sedation in Colonoscopy Patients: A Doubleblinded Randomized Clinical Trial. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2022, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Colonoscopy; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives;	2022
Optimum dose of spinal ropivacaine with or without single intravenous bolus of S-ketamine during elective cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind, sequential dose-finding study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021, Nov-04, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; D	2021
Fentanyl versus placebo with ketamine and rocuronium for patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department: The FAKT study-A randomized clinical trial. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2022, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Australia; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Intubation, Int	2022
Effect of different doses of esketamine compared with fentanyl combined with propofol on hypotension in patients undergoing painless abortion surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. BMC anesthesiology, 2022, 09-28, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypotension; Ke	2022
Safety and tolerability of esketamine in propofol based sedation for endoscopic variceal ligation with or without injection sclerotherapy: Randomized controlled trial. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, 2023, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Humans; Hypotension; Ketamine; Propofol; Sclerotherapy	2023
The Effect of Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation on Maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2023, Volume: 65, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Critical Illness; Etomidate; Humans; Hypotension; Intubation, Intra	2023
Comparison of different ratios of propofol-ketamine admixture in rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia for emergency laparotomy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC anesthesiology, 2023, 10-03, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Humans; Hypotension; Ketamine; Laparotomy; Nor	2023
Ketamine/propofol admixture vs etomidate for intubation in the critically ill: KEEP PACE Randomized clinical trial. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2019, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Critical Illness; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring	2019
Propofol-ketamine combination: a choice with less complications and better hemodynamic stability compared to propofol? On a prospective study in a group of colonoscopy patients. Irish journal of medical science, 2016, Volume: 185, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Colonoscopy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; H	2016
A randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety profile of a dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination with a propofol-fentanyl combination for ERCP. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recover	2016
[Balanced anesthesia with continuous ketamine reduces adverse effects of remifentanil]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bradycar	2008
A comparison of 3 anesthetic protocols for 24 hours of mechanical ventilation in cats. Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001), 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Cats; Cross-	2012
Comparison of effects of ephedrine, lidocaine and ketamine with placebo on injection pain, hypotension and bradycardia due to propofol injection: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Acta medica Iranica, 2012, Volume: 50, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Hypote	2012
[Effect of propofol and propofol combined with ketamine on cardiovascular system]. Hunan yi ke da xue xue bao = Hunan yike daxue xuebao = Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 2000, Apr-28, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood	2000
Comparison of ephedrine and ketamine in prevention of injection pain and hypotension due to propofol induction. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Double-Blind Met	2005
Combination of low doses of intrathecal ketamine and midazolam with bupivacaine improves postoperative analgesia in orthopaedic surgery. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Doubl	2008
Racemic ketamine decreases muscle sympathetic activity but maintains the neural response to hypotensive challenges in humans. Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Antihypertensive Agents; Electric Stimula	2000
Low dose ketamine: an ideal supplementary anaesthesia for spinal block. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 1992, Volume: 90, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Ke	1992
Intravenous ketamine for prevention of severe hypotension during spinal anaesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1991, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Diaze	1991

Article	Year
Cardiovascular complications of prehospital emergency anaesthesia in patients with return of spontaneous circulation following medical cardiac arrest: a retrospective comparison of ketamine-based and midazolam-based induction protocols. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2022, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia; Emergency Medical Services; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypotension; Ketamine; Midazolam	2022
Hemodynamic Effects of Ketamine Compared With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine as Continuous ICU Sedation. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2022, Volume: 56, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Bradycardia; Dexmedetomidine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension; Int	2022
Ketamine is not associated with more post-intubation hypotension than etomidate in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2022, Volume: 61 Topics: Adolescent; Etomidate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratracheal; Keta	2022
Sedative Dose for Rapid Sequence Intubation and Postintubation Hypotension: Is There an Association? Annals of emergency medicine, 2023, Volume: 82, Issue:4 Topics: Etomidate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratracheal; Ketamine; Rapid	2023
Comparison of drugs used for intubation of pediatric trauma patients. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2020, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Child; Child, Preschool; Etomidate; Female; Hospitals, Pediat	2020
Rapid Ketamine Infusion at an Analgesic Dose Resulting in Transient Hypotension and Bradycardia in the Emergency Department. Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals, 2020,Spring, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Bradycardia; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Hypotension; Infusions, Intravenous; K	2020
Ketamine Versus Etomidate and Peri-intubation Hypotension: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Emergency Service, Hospital; Etomidate; Humans; Hypotension; In	2020
Etomidate Use Is Associated With Less Hypotension Than Ketamine for Emergency Department Sepsis Intubations: A NEAR Cohort Study. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Cohort Studies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Etomidate; Humans; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratrache	2020
The use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to evaluate pulse rate in anaesthetised horses. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 2021, Volume: 273 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Diazepam; Electric Impedance; Heart Rate; Horses; Hyp	2021
Procedural sedation by advanced care paramedics for emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy. CJEM, 2019, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Analgesics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Datasets as Topic; Emergency Service, Hos	2019
Management and complications of anaesthesia during balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonic stenosis in dogs: 39 cases (2000 to 2012). The Journal of small animal practice, 2014, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Arrhythmias, Card	2014
Current medication practice and tracheal intubation safety outcomes from a prospective multicenter observational cohort study. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2015, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Critical Illness; Female; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypno	2015
Deep Sedation for Pediatric Dental Procedures: Is this a Safe and Effective Option? The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2016, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cat	2016
Hemodynamic Response After Rapid Sequence Induction With Ketamine in Out-of-Hospital Patients at Risk of Shock as Defined by the Shock Index. Annals of emergency medicine, 2016, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Craniocerebral Trauma; Emergency Medical Services; Female;	2016
Increased incidence of clinical hypotension with etomidate compared to ketamine for intubation in septic patients: A propensity matched analysis. Journal of critical care, 2017, Volume: 38 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cohort Studies; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Etomidate; Female; Humans	2017
Effects of adding butorphanol to a balanced anaesthesia protocol during arthroscopic surgery in horses. The Veterinary record, 2010, Mar-13, Volume: 166, Issue:11 Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhala	2010
Anesthesia for noncardiac procedures for children with a Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device: a case series. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Pr	2010
Partial intravenous anaesthesia in 5 horses using ketamine, lidocaine, medetomidine and halothane. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2009, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Acepromazine; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Combine	2009
Anesthesia complications during scheduled cesarean delivery for morbidly obese women. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2010, Volume: 203, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, General; Body Mass Index; Cesarean Section; Cohort S	2010
Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Annals of emergency medicine, 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloral Hydrate; C	2003
When is a patient safe for discharge after procedural sedation? The timing of adverse effect events in 1367 pediatric procedural sedations. Annals of emergency medicine, 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Dissociative;	2003
Midazolam/ketamine induction and isoflurane maintenance of anaesthesia in a 2-month-old, hand-raised African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2004, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Buffaloes; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypoten	2004
Cardiac and regional haemodynamic effects of histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor metoprine in haemorrhage-shocked rats. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Cerebral Cortex; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino	2004
Effects of ketamine on proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappaB in polymicrobial sepsis rats. World journal of gastroenterology, 2006, Dec-07, Volume: 12, Issue:45 Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cecum; Cytokines; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hypotension; Inflammation	2006
Ketamine inhibits fetal ACTH responses to cerebral hypoperfusion. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2007, Volume: 292, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brachiocephalic Tru	2007
Procedural sedation and analgesia in a Canadian adult tertiary care emergency department: a case series. CJEM, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Canada; Conscious Sedation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Utilization; Eme	2006
Emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: A Canadian Community Effectiveness and Safety Study (ACCESS). CJEM, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Apnea; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Bradycardia; Cana	2006
Effects of ketamine on the circulatory functions and body tissue oxygenation in dogs under normal and hypovolemic conditions. Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences, 1984, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hypotension;	1984
The effect of dopamine on the occurrence of kidney lesions caused by hypotension in rats. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1983, Volume: 263, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Dopamine; Female; Hemorrhage; Hypotension; Ketamine; Kidney Diseases; Rats	1983
Anesthesia for cesarean section. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1980, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics	1980
The possible role of catecholamines in the protective effect of general anesthetics against kidney lesions in rats subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1980, Volume: 247, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenalectomy; Anesthetics; Animals; Catecholamines; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Female; Hemorrhage; Hypo	1980
Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section in the Solomon Islands. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1994, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Fem	1994
A retrospective survey of anaesthesia in horses with colic. Equine veterinary journal. Supplement, 1989, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthet	1989
Electrocortical brain activity during hypoxia and hypotension in anesthetized newborn lambs. Early human development, 1999, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Ca	1999
S(+)-ketamine increases muscle sympathetic activity and maintains the neural response to hypotensive challenges in humans. Anesthesiology, 2001, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Ketamine; Muscles; Nitroprusside; Norepinephrine; Respirati	2001
Anesthetic influence on response to hemorrhage in rats. Circulatory shock, 1979, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Halothane; Hematocrit; Hemor	1979
The cardiovascular effects of ketamine in hypotensive states. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1975, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cardiac Output; Cats; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hypotension;	1975
Ventricular tachycardia and hypotension with amniotic fluid embolism during cesarean section. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1986, Volume: 65, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Diazepam; Electrocard	1986
Ketamine anaesthesia for burns surgery. Postgraduate medical journal, 1972, Volume: 48, Issue:557 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclo	1972
[Clinical studies on single-drug anesthesia using ketamine in patients with burns]. Der Anaesthesist, 1973, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Body Weight; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyano	1973
[Anaesthesia with ketamine for the operative treatment of patients with essential hypotension]. Der Anaesthesist, 1973, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Drug Combinations; Female; Halothane; Humans; Hypotension; Ketamin	1973
Cardiovascular collapse unrelated to anaesthesia. An undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. Anaesthesia, 1974, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Blood Transfusion; Curettage; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Hypotension; K	1974

ketamine and Blood Pressure, Low