kaolinite and Wounds-and-Injuries

Goal-directed hemostatic resuscitation based on thrombelastography (TEG) has a survival benefit compared with conventional coagulation assays such as international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, and platelet count. While TEG-based transfusion thresholds for patients at risk for massive transfusion (MT) have been defined using rapid TEG, cutoffs have not been defined for TEG using other activators such as kaolin. The purpose of this study was to develop thresholds for blood product transfusion using citrated kaolin TEG (CK-TEG) in patients at risk for MT.. CK-TEG was assessed in trauma activation patients at two Level 1 trauma centers admitted between 2010 and 2017. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to test the predictive performance of CK-TEG measurements in patients requiring MT, defined as >10 units of red blood cells or death within the first 6 hours. The Youden Index defined optimal thresholds for CK-TEG-based resuscitation.. Of the 825 trauma activations, 671 (81.3%) were men, 419 (50.8%) suffered a blunt injury, and 62 (7.5%) received a MT. Patients who had a MT were more severely injured, had signs of more pronounced shock, and more abnormal coagulation assays. CK-TEG R-time was longer (4.9 vs. 4.4 min, p = 0.0084), angle was lower (66.2 vs. 70.3 degrees, p < 0.0001), maximum amplitude was lower in MT (57 vs. 65.5 mm, p < 0.0001), and LY30 was greater (1.8% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.0012) in patients with MT compared with non-MT. To predict MT, R-time yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) = 0.6002 and a cut point of >4.45 min. Angle had an AUROC = 0.6931 and a cut point of <67 degrees. CMA had an AUROC = 0.7425, and a cut point of <60 mm. LY30 had an AUROC = 0.623 with a cut point of >4.55%.. We have identified CK-TEG thresholds that can guide MT in trauma. We propose plasma transfusion for R-time >4.45 min, fibrinogen products for an angle <67 degrees, platelet transfusion for MA <60 mm, and antifibrinolytics for LY30 >4.55%.. Therapeutic study, level V.

Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Coagulation; Blood Transfusion; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kaolin; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Care Planning; Resuscitation; ROC Curve; Thrombelastography; Wounds and Injuries

Anticoagulation, fibrinogen consumption, fibrinolytic activation, and platelet dysfunction all interact to produce different clot formation responses after trauma. However, the relative contributions of these coagulation components to overall clot formation remain poorly defined. We examined for sources of heterogeneity in clot formation responses after trauma.. Blood was sampled in the emergency department from patients meeting trauma team activation criteria at an urban trauma center. Plasma prothrombin time of 18 s or longer was used to define traumatic coagulopathy. Mean kaolin-activated thrombelastography (TEG) parameters were calculated and tested for heterogeneity using analysis of means. Discriminant analysis and forward stepwise variable selection with linear regression were used to determine if prothrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet contractile force (PCF), and D-dimer concentration, representing key mechanistic components of coagulopathy, each contribute to heterogeneous TEG responses after trauma.. Of 95 subjects, 16% met criteria for coagulopathy. Coagulopathic subjects were more severely injured with greater shock and received more blood products in the first 8 h compared with noncoagulopathic subjects. Mean (SD) TEG maximal amplitude (MA) was significantly decreased in the coagulopathic group (57.5 [SD, 4.7] mm vs. 62.7 [SD, 4.7], t test P < 0.001). The MA also exceeded the ANOM predicted upper decision limit for the noncoagulopathic group and the lower decision limit for the coagulopathic group at α = 0.05, suggesting significant heterogeneity from the overall cohort mean. Fibrinogen and PCF best discriminated TEG MA using discriminant analysis. Fibrinogen, PCF, and D-dimer were primary covariates for TEG MA using regression analysis.. Heterogeneity in TEG-based clot formation in emergency department trauma patients was linked to changes in MA. Individual parameters representing fibrin polymerization, PCFs, and fibrinolysis were primarily associated with TEG MA after trauma and should be the focus of early hemostatic therapies.

Topics: Adult; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Cross-Sectional Studies; Discriminant Analysis; Emergency Medicine; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Humans; Kaolin; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Prothrombin Time; Regression Analysis; Thrombelastography; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult