kaolinite and Obesity

We here reported 2 novel

Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Cross-Linking Reagents; Diabetes Mellitus; Dipeptides; Drug Administration Schedule; Energy Metabolism; Gastric Emptying; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Half-Life; Insulin; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Inbred NOD; Molecular Structure; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xenopus

Extracts from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium are often used for weight loss but are reported to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. Root extracts of Rhodiola rosea have notable antistress properties. The hypothesis of these studies was that C aurantium (6% synephrine) and R rosea (3% rosavins, 1% salidroside) in combination would improve diet-induced obesity alterations in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In normal-weight animals fed standard chow, acute administration of C aurantium (1-10 mg/kg) or R rosea (2-20 mg/kg) alone did not reduce deprivation-induced food intake, but C aurantium (5.6 mg/kg) + R rosea (20 mg/kg) produced a 10.5% feeding suppression. Animals maintained (13 weeks) on a high-fat diet (60% fat) were exposed to 10-day treatments of C aurantium (5.6 mg/kg) or R rosea (20 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Additional groups received vehicle (2% ethanol) or were pair fed to the C aurantium + R rosea group. Although high-fat diet intake and weight loss were not influenced, C aurantium + R rosea had a 30% decrease in visceral fat weight compared with the other treatments. Only the C aurantium group had an increased heart rate (+7%) compared with vehicle. In addition, C aurantium + R rosea administration resulted in an elevation (+15%) in hypothalamic norepinephrine and an elevation (+150%) in frontal cortex dopamine compared with the pair-fed group. These initial findings suggest that treatments of C aurantium + R rosea have actions on central monoamine pathways and have the potential to be beneficial for the treatment of obesity.

Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Citrus; Diet, High-Fat; Disaccharides; Dopamine; Glucosides; Hypothalamus; Kaolin; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Norepinephrine; Obesity; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rhodiola; Synephrine; Weight Loss

Exenatide (exendin-4) is an incretin mimetic currently marketed as an antidiabetic agent for patients with type 2 diabetes. In preclinical models, a reduction in body weight has also been shown in low-fat-fed, leptin receptor-deficient rodents.. To more closely model the polygenic and environmental state of human obesity, we characterized the effect of exenatide on food intake and body weight in high-fat-fed, normal (those with an intact leptin signaling system) rodents. As glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism has been found to elicit behaviors associated with visceral illness in rodents, we also examined the effect of peripheral exenatide on kaolin consumption and locomotor activity.. High-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with exenatide (3, 10 and 30 microg/kg/day) for 4 weeks via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. Food intake and body weight were assessed weekly. At 4 weeks, body composition and plasma metabolic profiles were measured. Kaolin consumption and locomotor activity were measured in fasted Sprague-Dawley rats following a single intraperitoneal injection of exenatide (0.1-10 microg/kg). Exenatide treatment in mice and rats dose-dependently decreased food intake and body weight; significant reductions in body weight gain were observed throughout treatment at 10 and 30 microg/kg/day (P<0.05). Decreased body weight gain was associated with a significant decrease in fat mass (P<0.05) with sparing of lean tissue. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were also significantly reduced (P<0.05). Exenatide at 10 microg/kg significantly reduced food intake (P<0.05) but failed to induce kaolin intake. In general, locomotor activity was reduced at doses of exenatide that decreased food intake, although a slightly higher dose was required to produce significant changes in activity.. Systemic exenatide reduces body weight gain in normal, high-fat-fed rodents, a model that parallels human genetic variation and food consumption patterns, and may play a role in metabolic pathways mediating food intake.

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Exenatide; Female; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Obesity; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Venoms

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; Hypothalamus; Kaolin; Obesity; Rats; Saccharin; Taste