kaolinite and Mesothelioma

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Aluminum Silicates; Animals; Calcium Compounds; Glass; Humans; Iron; Kaolin; Lung Diseases; Magnesium; Magnesium Compounds; Mesothelioma; Minerals; Mining; Occupational Diseases; Pleural Neoplasms; Pneumoconiosis; Silicates; Silicic Acid; Talc; Zeolites

Five inhalation studies of synthetic vitreous fibres have recently investigated experimental tumorigenic responses to four different refractory ceramic fibres (RCF), two fibre glasses, one stone (rock) wool and one slag wool. Except for one RCF, the source materials were typical commercial products. Three studies included positive control groups exposed to chrysotile or crocidolite asbestos. The studies were conducted using state-of-the-art technologies for fibre size separation, fibre lofting and nose-only inhalation exposure. The target average fibre size was 20 microns long by 1 micron diameter. Hamsters exposed to a kaolin RCF yielded a mesothelioma rate of 38%, but no lung cancers. There were no tumours among the chrysotile-exposed hamsters. At the highest dose of 30 mg m-3 in rat studies, the commercial RCF all produced significant numbers of lung tumours, and some mesotheliomas. The fourth RCF, which had been heat-treated to simulate an after-service fibre, did not produce a significant excess of lung cancers, but did produce one mesothelioma. A rat multi-dose experiment with three lower doses of the kaolin RCF yielded one mesothelioma among 379 rats, but no excess of lung tumours. The overall dose-response relation for lung cancer did not appear to be linear, consistent with the possibility of a threshold close to the Maximum Tolerated Dose. No insulation wool (glass, stone or slag) exposure group had a lung tumour rate that differed statistically significantly from the tumour rate for the respective concurrent control groups, sham-exposed to filtered air. There was no significant difference in the total tumour rates between the four insulation wool groups and the control animals, and no significant dose-response relation above the respective sham-exposed control tumour rates. The total lung tumour rates for rats in both chrysotile and crocidolite exposure groups were significantly raised. One animal in each asbestos-exposed group developed a mesothelioma, whereas no air control or insulation wool-exposed animal did so.

Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Ceramics; Cricetinae; Kaolin; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Mineral Fibers; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344