kaolinite and Granuloma

A parenchymal brain granuloma is the final consequence of a localized inflammatory reaction against an infectious agent, particularly parasites. In humans, these lesions are frequent causes of epilepsy. We studied the pattern of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in cats with a chronic granuloma induced 1 year earlier by injection of silicates into the brain amygdala. Compared with controls, the seizure threshold to myoclonic seizures was significantly decreased in cats with granuloma, while the threshold for tonic-clonic seizures was not altered. Thus, the difference in PTZ doses between the initial and final components of the seizure became significantly enlarged (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that a granulomatous lesion in amygdala facilitates the generation and propagation of myoclonic seizures, whereas other components of PTZ-induced seizures are not affected.

Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Diseases; Cats; Granuloma; Kaolin; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Seizures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A new synthesis is proposed for cordiachromene A (CCA), a bioactive component of the ascidian Aplidium antillense Gravier, using a method producing a racemic mixture. The anti-inflammatory activities of a natural extract and a chemically synthetic form of CCA were assessed in vivo by carrageenan-induced rat-paw edema. The activity of synthetic CCA was confirmed by a test on kaolin-induced granuloma in the rat. Strong activities were measured for both CCA, but comparison of results of the first test suggests that only the natural optically active isomer has an anti-inflammatory effect. CCA is similar to indomethacin in its effect on carrageenan-induced rat-paw edema and ten times as active as phenylbutazone.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Chromones; Edema; Foot Diseases; Granuloma; Isomerism; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Rats

The antireactive activity of glucosamine sulfate (GS) (CAS 29031-19-4) was tested in the rat in experimental models of subacute inflammation (sponge granuloma and croton oil granuloma), on subacute mechanical arthritis (kaolin arthritis) and in immunological-reactive arthritis and generalized inflammation (adjuvant arthritis). On these models GS was found effective in oral daily doses of 50-800 mg/kg. Tne potency of GS in comparison of that of indometacin used in the same tests as reference substance was found 50-300 times lower. Since, however, the toxicity of indometacin in chronic toxicity experiments is 1000-4000 times larger, the therapeutic margin with regard to prolonged treatments of inflammatory disorders results 10-30 times more favourable for GS than for indometacin. GS can therefore be considered as a drug of choice for prolonged oral treatment of rheumatic disorders.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Croton Oil; Glucosamine; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Joints; Kaolin; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

We studied the origin of the epithelioid cells (macrophages) observed in the rat brain in response to the intracisternal injection of kaolin. The rats, two days of age, were used. The animals were killed after thirteen weeks following cisternal injection of kaolin. Massive epithelioid cell-nodes with multifocal necrosis were seen in the subarachnoid space of the cerebellum, in the cerebellar parenchyma and in the fourth ventricle. They were also present in the choroid plexus. The papillary epithelioid cell-nodes were observed onto the aqueduct of Sylvius, the third and lateral ventricles. These were associated with the proliferation of the adventitia of the blood vessel in the subependymal white matter. This suggested that the vascular adventitia played a role for a formation of the epithelioid cell-node in this case. The epithelioid cell was negative in silver-stained preparation. This indicated that microglia was not a source of the epithelioid cell. Reticulin fibers were moderately increased in the lesions. The epithelioid cells phagocytized kaolin granules and gave a strong PAS-positive reaction. However, it seemed that the PAS-positive materials were not identical to the kaolin granules. A rich accumulation of apparently extra- and intracellular kaolin deposits stained metachromatically violet with toluidine blue was seen in the necrotic areas. A large number of the degenerated cells containing kaolin deposits was found especially in the marginal zone of the necrotic areas. Granulation tissue with the amount of spindle-form cells and collagen fibers was also observed in the subarachnoid space. The granulation tissue was formed by hyperplasia of fibroblasts following the proliferation of the epithelioid cells and their necrotic processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cisterna Magna; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelium; Granuloma; Injections; Kaolin; Macrophages; Meningoencephalitis; Necrosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The author compared the efficiency of 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (1; pyridazine S1) and some standard pharmaca by means of acute and subacute inflammation models. As evidence by the acute assay, the kaolin and carragheenin-induced oedemata of the rat paw as well as the Evans's blue excretion the potency of 1 compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid. Phenylbutazone and indomethacin exhibited a higher degree of activity. In the cotton-induced granuloma test, 1 was ineffective, whereas indomethacin applications had a powerful effect against inflammatory reactions. The results obtained during this investigation suggest that the activity spectrum of 1 is similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Evans Blue; Exudates and Transudates; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Kaolin; Male; Phenylbutazone; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

We report a patient with multiple pulmonary kaolin granulomas. The granulomas developed secondary to the use of a liquid kaolin suspension for pleural poudrage to treat recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces. Presumably the kaolin entered the lung through pleuro-alveolar or pleuro-bronchial openings. Kaolin pneumoconiosis is generally regarded as an inhalational pneumoconiosis. However, on rare occasions kaolin may incite lung damage by the mechanism described above.

Topics: Adult; Granuloma; Humans; Kaolin; Male; Pneumoconiosis; Pneumothorax; Recurrence

1,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carbamide (Chinoin 127), a non-narcotic analgesic with potent antiinflammatory activity is described. Chinoin-127 is more potent as an analgesic in the hot plate, Randall-Selitto and writhing tests than is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and an effective antiphlogistic agent in a battery of tests (carrageenin, kaolin and dextran induced rat paw edema, Northover test, carrageenin induced abscess, implanted cotton pellet method, adjuvant arthritis) used for measuring antiinflammatory activity. The PG-synthesis inhibitors (indometacin, suprofen) were found to be devoid of analgesic activity, and great test-dependent variations in their antiinflammatory effect were observed. They proved to be inactive in the Northover test. Unusual grade of inhibition in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema test was obtainable by the simultaneous administration of Chinoin 127 and indometacin.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Dextrans; Edema; Female; Granuloma; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Prostaglandins; Pyrimidinones; Rats; Stomach Ulcer

During kaolin-induced granuloma pouch inflammation in the rat the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the exudate, measured by the 2-thiobarbiturate method, steadily increased and this increase was correlated with the increase in granuloma weight. There was a complete lack of correlation between the concentrations of MDA and prostaglandin (PG)-like material in the inflammatory exudate. Whereas the concentration of PGs reached a maximum 1 day after the induction of inflammation and returned to control levels on day 4, the MDA concentration continuously increased from the initiation of inflammation up to day 16. During granuloma development the concentration of MDA in the plasma reached a maximum on day 2 in parallel with the concentration in the liver, then both plasma and liver MDA decreased to levels observed in control rats. Between day 2 and 8 of the inflammatory process homogenates of livers from inflamed rats showed an increased formation of MDA on incubation, the amount formed being maximal on day 4. The results of the present study are discussed in view of a possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Exudates and Transudates; Granuloma; Inflammation; Kaolin; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Malonates; Malondialdehyde; Prostaglandins; Rats

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dimethylamines; Edema; Foot; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Kaolin; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazines

Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Edema; Erythema; Female; Fever; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hyperesthesia; Injections, Intravenous; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Peritonitis; Phenylbutazone; Pyrazoles; Rats; Terpenes; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Carrageenan; Dextrans; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Flufenamic Acid; Formaldehyde; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Kaolin; Male; Mefenamic Acid; Ovalbumin; Oxyphenbutazone; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Rats; Sodium Salicylate; Trypsin

Topics: Acetophenones; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzene Derivatives; Carrageenan; Chelating Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Edema; Granuloma; Inflammation; Kaolin; Rats

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asbestos; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Edema; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Formaldehyde; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Kaolin; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylates; Serotonin; Sodium Salicylate

Topics: Acetates; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoates; Carrageenan; Edema; Granuloma; Indomethacin; Kaolin; Male; Phenylbutazone; Pyrroles; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthus Reaction; Bradykinin; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Depression, Chemical; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Edema; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Formaldehyde; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Kaolin; Lymph; Male; Mice; Mycobacterium Infections; Ovalbumin; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Rabbits; Rats; Serotonin; Species Specificity; Swine

Topics: Animals; Foreign Bodies; Granuloma; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Kaolin; Lung; Mediastinum; Monkey Diseases; Pharynx

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Edema; Granuloma; Kaolin; Phenylacetates; Quinones; Rats

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Bromelains; Carrageenan; Chymotrypsin; Edema; Enzyme Activation; Female; Flufenamic Acid; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Histamine Release; Hot Temperature; Hydrocortisone; Immune Sera; Indomethacin; Injections, Intramuscular; Kaolin; Male; Peptide Hydrolases; Phenylbutazone; Rats; Serotonin; Serratia; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Capillaries; Connective Tissue; Dust; Female; Granuloma; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Peritoneal Diseases; Silicon Dioxide

Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Flavonoids; Granuloma; Kaolin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Biological; Peritoneum

Topics: Acetylcholine; Aerosols; Albumins; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bradykinin; Bronchial Spasm; Edema; Erythema; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Gossypium; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; History of Medicine; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Irritants; Kaolin; Lung; Male; Prednisolone; Rats; Serotonin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Croton Oil; Edema; Female; Formaldehyde; Gossypium; Granuloma; Inflammation; Irritants; Kaolin; Male; Models, Theoretical; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Parabiosis; Rats; Saccharomyces; Thorium Dioxide; Zymosan

Topics: Agar; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Dextrans; Edema; Formaldehyde; Granuloma; Histamine; Kaolin; Mice; Phenylbutazone; Rats; Serotonin

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Breast Diseases; Dermatologic Agents; Granuloma; Humans; Kaolin

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Granuloma; Humans; Kaolin