kaolinite and Erythema

Skin protective creams (PCs) are used widely in industrial work environments to prevent irritant contact dermatitis. However, workplace studies remain equivocal in terms of their effectiveness, which may be partly owing to whether the PC remains on the skin.. To assess the practicability of using skin occlusion testing in a workplace as a method to determine whether PCs applied under controlled conditions can reduce skin damage against known irritants. This study also compares two methods of skin evaluation: clinical dermatological assessment and bioengineering techniques.. Daily occlusion testing for 1 h (over two consecutive weeks) was conducted in an engineering company on the volar forearm of 21 healthy volunteer engineers with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and a PC that was used on site. The engineers conducted their normal work activities during the occlusion testing period. The skin areas tested were assessed using transepidermal water loss (TEWL), Chroma Meter and by visual dermatological scoring.. Testing with PC and SLS together showed that PC does not prevent irritant contact dermatitis but significantly reduced skin damage compared with SLS alone (P < 0.01). The changes in skin were evident earlier with the biophysical measurements when compared with the dermatological assessment.. Occlusion testing is a useful method for assessing the potential effectiveness of protective creams and can be used in a workplace without affecting work practices. TEWL and the Chroma Meter provide useful objective information and should be used in combination with dermatological examinations.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Irritant; Dermatitis, Occupational; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Erythema; Humans; Humidity; Kaolin; Male; Middle Aged; Oils; Patch Tests; Skin Cream; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature; Water Loss, Insensible; Waxes; Workplace

Several gold salts were compared in kaolin-induced rat paw oedema, u.v. erythema in guinea pigs, delayed type hypersensitivity and humoral immunity in mice, and adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. In the latter the additional parameters of serum gold and copper levels and lysosomal enzyme activity were determined. In addition, the in vitro inhibition of several lysosomal enzymes derived from mouse macrophages was studied. The gold compounds examined were aurothiomalate, aurothioglucose, triethylphosphine gold chloride (SK & F 36914) and its glucopyranoside derivative (SK & F D-39162), triphenylphosphine gold chloride and sodium gold chloride dihydrate. SK & F 36914 and SK & F D-39162 has significant activity after oral dosage upon paw kaolin and u.v. erythema in rats and guinea pigs, respectively. Gastric swelling also occurred. In Wistar rats, adjuvant arthritis was little affected by the gold salts but in the Lewis rats there was suppression. In both strains there was less elevation in serum copper levels with treatment by SK & F 36914 and SK & F D-39162, but not by aurothiomalate. None of the compounds had any measurable effect on delayed hypersensitivity or humoral antibody levels in mice. The in vitro activities of cathepsin B1 and cathepsin D were inhibited by all the gold compounds. Reactivity of gold compounds with glutathione and cysteine in vitro was dependent on compound solubility and the nature of the gold ligand. Considerable differences exist between the profiles of activity for the different gold salts evaluated. These observations indicate that some gold salts do possess anti-inflammatory activity with a potency similar to that of indomethacin.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Arthritis, Experimental; Cysteine; Edema; Erythema; Glutathione; Gold; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity; Inflammation; Kaolin; Lysosomes; Male; Mice; Rats; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bradykinin; Carrageenan; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Edema; Erythema; Guinea Pigs; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Kaolin; Malonates; Methods; Methylamines; Rats; Sunburn; Triazines; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Edema; Erythema; Female; Fever; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hyperesthesia; Injections, Intravenous; Kaolin; Male; Mice; Peritonitis; Phenylbutazone; Pyrazoles; Rats; Terpenes; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Aminopyrine; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Bradykinin; Carrageenan; Chloroform; Cycloparaffins; Dextrans; Edema; Erythema; Female; Flufenamic Acid; Fluorine; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Kaolin; Male; Mice; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Permeability; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats; Serotonin Antagonists; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Acetylcholine; Aerosols; Albumins; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bradykinin; Bronchial Spasm; Edema; Erythema; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Gossypium; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; History of Medicine; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Irritants; Kaolin; Lung; Male; Prednisolone; Rats; Serotonin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1