jnj-7777120 and Cardiovascular-Diseases

β-Arrestins (β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2) were first identified as proteins that have the ability to desensitize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, it has recently been found that β-arrestins can activate signaling pathways independent of G protein activation. The diversity of these signaling pathways has also been recognized. This leads to an appreciation of β-arrestin-biased agonists, which is a new class of drugs that selectively activate β-arrestin-mediated signaling without G protein activation. In this review, we will discuss the recent advance of β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathways, including a brief account of different biased agonists, their pharmacological applications, and novel β-arrestin research.

Topics: Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 1; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Carbazoles; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carvedilol; Humans; Indoles; Piperazines; Propanolamines; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome