isotretinoin and Obesity

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Isotretinoin; Obesity; Overweight; Retrospective Studies

Vitamin A and its metabolites are key regulators of the development of adipose tissue and associated metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high fat diet and 13-cis retinoic acid (13 cRA) application on metabolic parameters, adipogenic and inflammatory indicators in female Lewis rats. Female rats of Lewis strain were fed standard laboratory diet (STD) and high fat diet (HFD, 45% of saturated fatty acids) during 30 days. The groups were divided into additional 3 groups (6 rats each): two experimental groups that received 13 cRA orally on a daily basis during 30 days (7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively) and the control group that was given sunflower oil. Animals were sacrificed after 60 days. Feeding of Lewis rats with chronic HFD diet with 13 cRA supplementation increased weight gain, adiposity index, dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinaemia, insulin resistance, VLDL concentrations, oxidative stress and atherogenic indices. Administration of 13 cRA in Lewis rats fed STD did not change the weight of the animals, but it slightly increased the atherogenic parameters. 13 cRA and HFD affect metabolic parameters, glucose and lipid metabolism in Lewis rats and its administration has a completely different effect on metabolism in rats fed STD, highlighting the complex role of vitamin A supplementation in obesity. Other factors, such as genetics, age, sex, adipose tissue distribution, also must be taken into consideration.

Topics: Adipogenesis; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Female; Glucose; Insulin Resistance; Isotretinoin; Lipid Metabolism; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Inbred Lew; Weight Gain

Dissecting folliculitis (DF) or dissecting cellulitis of the scalp is regarded as a rare disease with disfiguring scarring alopecia. This study aimed to analyze the features of DF and to propose a classification to define its severity.. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis or clinical features leading to diagnosis of DF were included and classified into three stages.. Among the 66 patients recruited (63 men / 3 women, mean age 24.9 years), multiple interconnected alopecic nodules involving the vertex scalp were the main feature. Histopathology showed an extensive inflamed granulation abscess forming a dissection plane in the lower dermis/subcutis in the acute stage. Lymphocytic infiltration was predominant in seven of 21 histology specimens. Overweight and obesity were noted in 29 of 45 patients examined. No association with smoking was found. There was comorbidity with acne conglobata in 15 of 66 patients, two of whom had acne inversa. Longer disease duration and greater number of nodules were associated with higher severity of DF (p < 0.05). A complete remission rate of 25 % was achieved by any treatment, and a rate of 37.5 % was achieved with oral isotretinoin alone.. DF is not uncommon in Taiwan. An association with obesity needs to be clarified.

Topics: Abscess; Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Alopecia; Cellulitis; Comorbidity; Female; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Isotretinoin; Lymphocytosis; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Retrospective Studies; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the effect of transcription-modulating drugs, fenofibrate and isotretinoin, on metabolic profile, insulin sensitivity of adipose and muscle tissues and gene expression in a genetic model of insulin resistance syndrome, polydactylous rat strain (PD/Cub).. Administration of fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day), isotretinoin (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle to adult male PD/Cub rats fed standard laboratory chow for 15 days.. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism-oral glucose tolerance test, serum concentrations of insulin, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, total cholesterol (CH); morphometric variables, in vitro insulin sensitivity of adipose and muscle tissues, catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis and the expression of ApoC-III and Hnf-4 genes in liver.. Both experimental groups displayed an increase in adiposity with contrasting effects on TG (lowered by fenofibrate and increased by isotretinoin) and gene expression (no change in fibrate-treated rats and increased expression of ApoC-III and Hnf-4 in isotretinoin-treated group). Fenofibrate-treated rats also showed decreased concentrations of FFA and CH with concomitant decrease of catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes, but also hyperinsulinemia and the highest insulin/glucose ratio. Isotretinoin increased glycerol concentrations and decreased the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues.. The PD/Cub rat showed a distinct pharmacogenetic reaction to fenofibrate and isotretinoin administration. Several lines of evidence now implicate specific variant(s) of ApoC-III and/or ApoA-V alleles as responsible for the dyslipidemia observed in this genetic model. The PD/Cub strain may also serve as a pharmacogenetic model for dissection of the retinoid-induced hypertriglyceridemia.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Apolipoprotein C-III; Apolipoproteins C; Disease Models, Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins; Fenofibrate; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Isotretinoin; Lipids; Lipolysis; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Obesity; Organ Size; Phosphoproteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Transcription Factors

To investigate the effects of caloric restriction on the serum concentrations of retinoids in man.. Samples were drawn before and during caloric restriction by fasting or 4-6 weeks after gastric surgery.. The fasting group included 17 healthy subjects (11 women and six men) and 16 obese patients (10 women and six men) who underwent bariatric surgery (vertical banded gastroplasty).. Serum concentrations of all-trans, 13-cis, 4-oxo-13-cis retinoic acids and retinol.. The serum concentrations of retinol, all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acids decreased by about 20% after 5 days of fasting. After gastroplasty, the serum concentration of retinol, all-trans, 13-cis retinoic acids, retinol-binding protein and transthyretin also decreased to a similar extent after 1 month. In both groups we found a correlation between the delta values of 13-cis retinoic acid and its metabolite 4-oxo-13-cis retinoic acid. In all subjects there were also correlations between the delta values of the retinoids. However, these correlations were comparatively weak (e.g. r2 = 0.36 for retinol--all-trans retinoic acid). The change in retinoid concentrations did not correlate to the change of weight or body mass index.. Our results support the hypothesis that serum retinol is one of the determinants of serum concentrations of all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid and that the catabolism of 13-cis retinoic acid is not affected by fasting. However, in the individual case, S-Retinol is a poor predictor of S-All-trans retinoic acid.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Cholesterol; Fasting; Female; Humans; Isotretinoin; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Regression Analysis; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Triglycerides