isoquercitrin and Obesity

Previous research has shown that both heat-treated green tea extract (HTGT) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) have anti-obesity effects. Given the absence of in vivo evidence demonstrating their synergistic effects, our study aimed to elucidate the combined obesity prevention potential of HTGT and EMIQ in mice. Mice were treated with these compounds for 8 weeks, while being fed a high-fat diet, to investigate their preventive anti-obesity effects. We demonstrated that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ results in a synergistic anti-obesity effect, as determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Furthermore, the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ was more effective than orlistat in reducing body weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy induced by high-fat diet. The co-treatment also significantly reduced total body fat mass and abdominal fat volume. Additionally, the group receiving the co-treatment exhibited increased energy expenditure and higher glucose intolerance. We observed a dose-dependent upregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and PKA signaling, which is linked to lipolysis, in response to the co-treatment. The co-treatment group displayed elevated cAMP levels and AMPK activation in adipose tissue and increased excretion of fecal lipids. The results indicate that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ holds the potential to be a promising combination therapy for combating obesity. To further validate the anti-obesity effect of the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ in human subjects, additional clinical studies are warranted.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diet, High-Fat; Hot Temperature; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Tea

Topics: Acer; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Administration, Ophthalmic; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Amyloidosis; Animals; Brain; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Leptin; Obesity; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Presenilin-1; Quercetin

Soy isoflavones are bioactive phytoestrogens with known health benefits. Soybean embryo extract (SEE) has been consumed as a source of isoflavones, mainly daidzein, glycitein, and genistein. While previous studies have reported the anti-obesity effects of SEE, this study investigates their molecular mechanisms and the synergistic effects of co-treatment with SEE and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ). SEE upregulated genes involved in lipolysis and brown adipocyte markers and increased mitochondrial content in differentiated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes in vitro. Next, we use a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model to determine the anti-obesity effect of SEE. Two weeks of single or combined treatment with SEE and EMIQ significantly reduced body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, SEE treatment increased mitochondrial content and upregulated genes involved in lipolysis in adipose tissue through the cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling pathway. These effects required a cytosolic lipase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression, confirmed by an adipocyte-specific ATGL knockout mouse study. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SEE exerts anti-obesity effects through the activation of adipose tissue metabolism and exhibits a synergistic effect of co-treatment with EMIQ. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effects of SEE related to adipose tissue metabolism.

Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diet, High-Fat; Genistein; Glycine max; Humans; Isoflavones; Lipolysis; Mice; Obesity; Phytoestrogens; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Seeds

Glycosylation of natural flavonoids with various sugar moieties can affect their physicochemical and pharmacological properties. In this study, the plant flavonoids quercetin aglycon (Quer) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3G) were evaluated and compared for their potential anti-obesity effects. The Q3G dose-dependently reduced the TG contents and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells, by 52% and 60% at 20μM, respectively, compared to differentiated control (100%), which were 1.6-fold and 2.4-fold higher reduction than Quer. The Q3G (20μM) also more significantly reduced the expression of adipogenic markers such as C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and aP2 than Quer, indicating that the Q3G suppresses both adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis more effectively than Quer in vitro. Comparing to those in the high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice control group for 10 weeks, both the body and liver weights and the size of adipocytes in epididymal adipose tissues were significantly reduced in HFD mice fed with Q3G for another 6 weeks (30mg/kg body weight by oral administration), accompanied by the reductions of TG, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in serum. The Q3G also reduced the levels of the lipid metabolism-associated proteins, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and FAS in the liver tissues. These results clearly demonstrated that Q3G exhibits a stronger anti-obesity effect than Quer and its anti-obesity effect is mediated via inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis, decreasing serum lipid levels by altering hepatic lipid metabolism, and reducing body weight gain. The results of this study suggest that the Q3G, but not Quer, can be a potent functional ingredient of beneficial health foods or a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat obesity.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Diet, High-Fat; Dyslipidemias; Glycosylation; Lipogenesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; PPAR gamma; Quercetin

The ability of high phenolic Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce (RSL) to attenuate metabolic syndrome and gut dysbiosis was studied in very high fat diet (VHFD)-fed mice. Phenolic absorption was assessed in vivo and in a gastrointestinal tract model.. Mice were fed VHFD, VHFD supplemented with RSL (RSL-VHFD) or store-purchased green lettuce (GL-VHFD), or low-fat diet (LFD) for 13 weeks. Compared to VHFD or GL-VHFD-fed groups, RSL-VHFD group showed significantly improved oral glucose tolerance (p<0.05). Comparison of VHFD, RSL-VHFD, and GL-VHFD groups revealed no significant differences with respect to insulin tolerance, hepatic lipids, body weight gain, fat mass, plasma glucose, triglycerides, free fatty acid, and lipopolysaccharide levels, as well as relative abundances of major bacterial phyla from 16S rDNA amplicon data sequences (from fecal and cecal samples). However, RSL and GL-supplementation increased abundance of several taxa involved in plant polysaccharide degradation/fermentation. RSL phenolics chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-malonyl-glucoside were bioaccessible in the TIM-1 digestion model, but had relatively low recovery.. RSL phenolics contributed to attenuation of post-prandial hyperglycemia. Changes in gut microbiota were likely due to microbiota accessible carbohydrates in RSL and GL rather than RSL phenolics, which may be metabolized, absorbed, or degraded before reaching the colon.

Topics: Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hyperglycemia; Lactuca; Liver; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Quercetin; Triglycerides; Weight Gain

Okra is an important tropical vegetable and source of dietary medicine. Here, we assayed the effects of an ethanol extract of okra (EO) and its major flavonoids isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse. We found that treatment with EO, isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. Meanwhile, serum triglyceride levels and liver morphology in the mice were significantly ameliorated by EO and isoquercitrin treatment. Total cholesterol levels in isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside treated mice were also reduced. We also found that EO inhibited the expression of nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARγ, which is an important regulator of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, we determined that EO and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside have antioxidant activity in vitro. Our results indicate that okra may serve as a dietary therapy for hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

Topics: Abelmoschus; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Disaccharides; Female; Insulin; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Plant Extracts; PPAR gamma; Quercetin