isoniazid and AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections studies

Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.
hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections: Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 noninferiority trial comparing the efficacy and safety of a 1-month regimen of daily rifapentine plus isoniazid (1-month group) with 9 months of isoniazid alone (9-month group) in HIV-infected patients who were living in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence or who had evidence of latent tuberculosis infection."	9.30	One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis. ( Andersen, J; Banda, P; Benson, CA; Chaisson, RE; da Silva Escada, RO; Fletcher, CV; Gupta, A; Hakim, J; Jean Juste, MA; Kanyama, C; Lama, JR; Langat, D; Leon-Cruz, J; Masheto, G; Mawlana, S; Mohapi, L; Moran, L; Mwelase, N; Nuermberger, E; Omoz-Oarhe, A; Ramchandani, R; Severe, P; Supparatpinyo, K; Swindells, S; Valencia, J, 2019)
"We did a multicountry open-label randomised clinical trial comparing empirical tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-positive outpatients initiating antiretroviral therapy with CD4 cell counts of less than 50 cells per μL."	9.22	Empirical tuberculosis therapy versus isoniazid in adult outpatients with advanced HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (REMEMBER): a multicountry open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Alave, J; Badal-Faesen, S; Bao, J; Bisson, GP; Gupta, A; Hakim, J; Henostroza, G; Hogg, E; Hosseinipour, MC; Jones, L; Kirui, FK; Kumarasamy, N; Kumwenda, J; Lagat, D; Lama, JR; Leger, PD; Mave, V; Miyahara, S; Mohapi, L; Moses, A; Mugyenyi, P; Naidoo, K; Nyirenda, M; Pillay, S; Riviere, C; Sun, X; Veloso, VG; Zolopa, A, 2016)
"While 6- to 12-month courses of isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention are considered safe in pregnant women, the effects of longer-term isoniazid prophylaxis or isoniazid in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not established in human-immunodeficiency-virus-(HIV-) infected women who experience pregnancy during the course of therapy."	9.17	Pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women receiving long-term isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis and antiretroviral therapy. ( Mathebula, U; Mathoma, A; Moathlodi, R; Mosimaneotsile, B; Samandari, T; Taylor, AW; Theebetsile, I, 2013)
"Primary isoniazid prophylaxis did not improve tuberculosis-disease-free survival among HIV-infected children or tuberculosis-infection-free survival among HIV-uninfected children immunized with BCG vaccine."	9.15	Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children. ( Bobat, R; Cotton, MF; Jean-Philippe, P; Kim, S; Madhi, SA; McSherry, G; Mitchell, C; Nachman, S; Violari, A, 2011)
"The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults, although few countries have instituted this policy."	9.14	Isoniazid preventive therapy, HAART and tuberculosis risk in HIV-infected adults in South Africa: a prospective cohort. ( Chaisson, RE; Golub, JE; Gray, GE; Martinson, NA; McIntyre, JA; Mohapi, L; Moshabela, M; Pronyk, P; Struthers, H; Thsabangu, N, 2009)
"Pellagra is a clinical syndrome caused by a deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid) and/or its precursor tryptophan."	9.12	Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid-induced pellagra. ( Dawe, RS; Mponda, K; Prabhu, D, 2021)
"To determine the effect on tuberculosis incidence of a clinic providing isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected adults under routine conditions."	9.11	Effect of routine isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV-infected men in South Africa: a novel randomized incremental recruitment study. ( Chaisson, RE; Charalambous, S; Churchyard, GJ; Corbett, EL; Day, JH; De Cock, KM; Fielding, KL; Grant, AD; Hayes, RJ, 2005)
"To evaluate the efficacy of isoniazid for the prevention of tuberculosis in tuberculin skin test-positive and negative individuals with HIV infection."	9.09	Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Battegay, M; Bucher, HC; Griffith, LE; Guyatt, GH; Naef, M; Sendi, P; Sudre, P, 1999)
"The tolerability of and adherence to intermittent short-term rifabutin-isoniazid preventive treatment was assessed in subjects dually infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."	9.09	Tolerability of twice-weekly rifabutin-isoniazid combinations versus daily isoniazid for latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected subjects: a pilot study. ( Bonazzi, L; Cadeo, G; Caligaris, S; Carosi, G; Matteelli, A; Olliaro, P; Scalzini, A; Signorini, L; Tebaldi, A; Tomasoni, L, 1999)
"To compare a 2-month regimen of daily rifampin and pyrazinamide with a 12-month regimen of daily isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."	9.09	Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: an international randomized trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health O ( Barry, MA; Chaisson, RE; Coberly, J; de Lourdes Garcia, M; Gordin, F; Hafner, R; Klukowicz, AJ; Matts, JP; Miller, C; O'Brien, RJ; Schechter, M; Valdespino, JL, 2000)
"Patients older than 18 years who were diagnosed with a first episode of tuberculosis at the national HIV testing centre in Haiti, and who successfully completed a 6-month rifampicin-containing regimen for active pulmonary tuberculosis, were randomly assigned 1 year of post-treatment isoniazid prophylaxis or placebo."	9.09	Effect of post-treatment isoniazid on prevention of recurrent tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a randomised trial. ( Desvarieux, M; Fitzgerald, DW; Johnson, WD; Joseph, P; Pape, JW; Severe, P, 2000)
"A prospective comparative study was conducted to determine the effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on the incidence of active tuberculosis among Thai HIV-infected patients for 1 year."	9.08	Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis among Thai HIV-infected individuals. ( Saenghirunvattana, S, 1996)
"To characterize the susceptibility to levofloxacin of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) obtained from patients with HIV-related tuberculosis and to characterize the molecular genetics of levofloxacin resistance."	9.08	Susceptibility to levofloxacin of Myocobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with HIV-related tuberculosis and characterization of a strain with levofloxacin monoresistance. Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS 019 and the AIDS Clinica ( Chirgwin, K; El Sadr, WM; Hafner, R; Heifets, LB; Klein, O; Kreiswirth, BN; Matts, JP; Musser, JM; Nelson, ET; Perlman, DC; Salomon, N; Telzak, EE, 1997)
"To determine the efficacy of isoniazid 300 mg daily for 6 months in the prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults and to determine whether tuberculosis preventive therapy prolongs survival in HIV-1-infected adults."	9.08	Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults: results of a randomized controlled trial. ( Bwayo, JJ; Chakaya, JM; Elliott, LC; Gilks, CF; Githui, WA; Hawken, MP; Juma, ES; Kimari, JN; McAdam, KP; Meme, HK; Morris, JS; Ngugi, EN; Nunn, PP; Odhiambo, JA; Plummer, FA; Porter, JD; Thiong'o, LN, 1997)
"Isoniazid resistant tuberculosis is the most prevalent type of resistance in Swaziland and over two-thirds of the isoniazid resistant tuberculosis patients are tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected."	7.91	Factors associated with isoniazid resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus positive patients in Swaziland: a case-control study. ( Chien, LY; Dlamini, NC; Ji, DD, 2019)
"World Health Organization advocates for integration of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) services and recommends intensive case finding (ICF), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and infection control ("Three I's") for TB prevention and control among persons living with HIV."	7.83	Implementation of Tuberculosis Intensive Case Finding, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, and Infection Control ("Three I's") and HIV-Tuberculosis Service Integration in Lower Income Countries. ( Avit-Edi, D; Ballif, M; Blevins, M; Castelnuovo, B; Charles, MK; Cortes, CP; Dung, NT; Durier, N; Dusingize, JC; Fenner, L; Lindegren, ML; Nakigozi, G; Sterling, TR; Wester, CW, 2016)
"Isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis has a positive impact on the development of clinical tuberculosis."	7.71	Reduction of clinical tuberculosis in HIV-infected males with isoniazid prophylaxis. ( Alaei, A; Alaei, K; Mansouri, D, 2002)
"Annual skin testing for tuberculosis infection and anergy was performed, and eligible patients were offered daily isoniazid for 12 months and followed prospectively."	7.70	Effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected drug users at high risk for active tuberculosis. ( Gourevitch, MN; Hartel, D; Klein, RS; Schoenbaum, EE; Selwyn, PA, 1999)
"Treatment with isoniazid was beneficial in HIV-infected, tuberculin-positive IDUs."	5.32	Effectiveness of isoniazid treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected injection drug users in methadone programs. ( Amofa, J; Driver, CR; Fujiwara, PI; Gourevitch, MN; Highley, E; Kaye, K; Munsiff, SS; Rubino, MA; Scholten, JN; Seewald, R; Trim, C, 2003)
"In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned pregnant women with HIV infection to receive isoniazid preventive therapy for 28 weeks, initiated either during pregnancy (immediate group) or at week 12 after delivery (deferred group)."	5.30	Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women. ( Aaron, L; Aurpibul, L; Bhosale, R; Bradford, S; Chakhtoura, N; Chipato, T; Costello, D; Gupta, A; Hesseling, A; Jean-Philippe, P; Masheto, GR; Mave, V; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Montepiedra, G; Onyango-Makumbi, C; Rouzier, V; Shin, K; Sterling, TR; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Theron, G; Vhembo, T; Violari, A; Weinberg, A; Zimmer, B, 2019)
"We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 noninferiority trial comparing the efficacy and safety of a 1-month regimen of daily rifapentine plus isoniazid (1-month group) with 9 months of isoniazid alone (9-month group) in HIV-infected patients who were living in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence or who had evidence of latent tuberculosis infection."	5.30	One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis. ( Andersen, J; Banda, P; Benson, CA; Chaisson, RE; da Silva Escada, RO; Fletcher, CV; Gupta, A; Hakim, J; Jean Juste, MA; Kanyama, C; Lama, JR; Langat, D; Leon-Cruz, J; Masheto, G; Mawlana, S; Mohapi, L; Moran, L; Mwelase, N; Nuermberger, E; Omoz-Oarhe, A; Ramchandani, R; Severe, P; Supparatpinyo, K; Swindells, S; Valencia, J, 2019)
"We did a multicountry open-label randomised clinical trial comparing empirical tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-positive outpatients initiating antiretroviral therapy with CD4 cell counts of less than 50 cells per μL."	5.22	Empirical tuberculosis therapy versus isoniazid in adult outpatients with advanced HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (REMEMBER): a multicountry open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Alave, J; Badal-Faesen, S; Bao, J; Bisson, GP; Gupta, A; Hakim, J; Henostroza, G; Hogg, E; Hosseinipour, MC; Jones, L; Kirui, FK; Kumarasamy, N; Kumwenda, J; Lagat, D; Lama, JR; Leger, PD; Mave, V; Miyahara, S; Mohapi, L; Moses, A; Mugyenyi, P; Naidoo, K; Nyirenda, M; Pillay, S; Riviere, C; Sun, X; Veloso, VG; Zolopa, A, 2016)
"While 6- to 12-month courses of isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention are considered safe in pregnant women, the effects of longer-term isoniazid prophylaxis or isoniazid in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not established in human-immunodeficiency-virus-(HIV-) infected women who experience pregnancy during the course of therapy."	5.17	Pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women receiving long-term isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis and antiretroviral therapy. ( Mathebula, U; Mathoma, A; Moathlodi, R; Mosimaneotsile, B; Samandari, T; Taylor, AW; Theebetsile, I, 2013)
"Primary isoniazid prophylaxis did not improve tuberculosis-disease-free survival among HIV-infected children or tuberculosis-infection-free survival among HIV-uninfected children immunized with BCG vaccine."	5.15	Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children. ( Bobat, R; Cotton, MF; Jean-Philippe, P; Kim, S; Madhi, SA; McSherry, G; Mitchell, C; Nachman, S; Violari, A, 2011)
"The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults, although few countries have instituted this policy."	5.14	Isoniazid preventive therapy, HAART and tuberculosis risk in HIV-infected adults in South Africa: a prospective cohort. ( Chaisson, RE; Golub, JE; Gray, GE; Martinson, NA; McIntyre, JA; Mohapi, L; Moshabela, M; Pronyk, P; Struthers, H; Thsabangu, N, 2009)
"The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, adverse events, treatment adherence and effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis were analyzed in a cohort of 138 tuberculosis/HIV-coinfected patients."	5.14	Effectiveness and safety of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for HIV-1 infected patients from Rio de Janeiro. ( Hökerberg, YH; Pacheco, SJ; Passos, SR; Rolla, VC; Souza, CT, 2009)
"To compare the efficacy of an intermittent 6-month regimen (Reg6M: 2EHRZ(3)/4HR(3) [ethambutol, 1,200 mg; isoniazid, 600 mg; rifampicin, 450 or 600 mg depending on body weight <60 or > or =60 kg; and pyrazinamide, 1,500 mg for 2 mo; followed by 4 mo of isoniazid and rifampicin at the same doses]) versus a 9-month regimen (Reg9M: 2EHRZ(3)/7HR(3)) in HIV/tuberculosis (TB)."	5.14	Efficacy of a 6-month versus 9-month intermittent treatment regimen in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis: a randomized clinical trial. ( Chinnaiyan, P; Iliayas, S; Menon, PA; Narayanan, PR; Narendran, G; Padmapriyadarsini, C; Ramachandran, R; Sakthivel, R; Santhanakrishnan, R; Suhadev, M; Swaminathan, S; Venkatesan, P, 2010)
"Consenting employees were screened prior to IPT for active tuberculosis and increased risk of isoniazid toxicity using a questionnaire and chest radiograph."	5.14	Adverse events with isoniazid preventive therapy: experience from a large trial. ( Churchyard, GJ; Fielding, KL; Grant, AD; Luttig, MM; Mngadi, KT; van Halsema, CL, 2010)
"Pellagra is a clinical syndrome caused by a deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid) and/or its precursor tryptophan."	5.12	Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid-induced pellagra. ( Dawe, RS; Mponda, K; Prabhu, D, 2021)
"To determine the effect on tuberculosis incidence of a clinic providing isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected adults under routine conditions."	5.11	Effect of routine isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV-infected men in South Africa: a novel randomized incremental recruitment study. ( Chaisson, RE; Charalambous, S; Churchyard, GJ; Corbett, EL; Day, JH; De Cock, KM; Fielding, KL; Grant, AD; Hayes, RJ, 2005)
"Patients older than 18 years who were diagnosed with a first episode of tuberculosis at the national HIV testing centre in Haiti, and who successfully completed a 6-month rifampicin-containing regimen for active pulmonary tuberculosis, were randomly assigned 1 year of post-treatment isoniazid prophylaxis or placebo."	5.09	Effect of post-treatment isoniazid on prevention of recurrent tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a randomised trial. ( Desvarieux, M; Fitzgerald, DW; Johnson, WD; Joseph, P; Pape, JW; Severe, P, 2000)
"To assess the compliance, tolerance and efficacy of a short chemoprophylaxis regimen (IR) for tuberculosis using isoniazid (INH) plus rifampin (RIF) during 3 months versus a standard regimen (I) of isoniazid during 12 months in HIV positive patients."	5.09	[Evaluation of 2 tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis regimens in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The GECMEI Group]. ( Blanch, JJ; Cuadra, F; Espinosa, A; Geijo, P; Largo, J; Maciá, MA; Martínez Alfaro, EM; Mateos, F; Rodríguez Zapata, M; Rosa, C; Sánchez Martínez, PA; Sánchez, L; Sepúlveda, MA; Solera, J, 2000)
"To compare a 2-month regimen of daily rifampin and pyrazinamide with a 12-month regimen of daily isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."	5.09	Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: an international randomized trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health O ( Barry, MA; Chaisson, RE; Coberly, J; de Lourdes Garcia, M; Gordin, F; Hafner, R; Klukowicz, AJ; Matts, JP; Miller, C; O'Brien, RJ; Schechter, M; Valdespino, JL, 2000)
"To evaluate the efficacy of isoniazid for the prevention of tuberculosis in tuberculin skin test-positive and negative individuals with HIV infection."	5.09	Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Battegay, M; Bucher, HC; Griffith, LE; Guyatt, GH; Naef, M; Sendi, P; Sudre, P, 1999)
"The tolerability of and adherence to intermittent short-term rifabutin-isoniazid preventive treatment was assessed in subjects dually infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."	5.09	Tolerability of twice-weekly rifabutin-isoniazid combinations versus daily isoniazid for latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected subjects: a pilot study. ( Bonazzi, L; Cadeo, G; Caligaris, S; Carosi, G; Matteelli, A; Olliaro, P; Scalzini, A; Signorini, L; Tebaldi, A; Tomasoni, L, 1999)
"The aims of this study were to (1) identify trends and risk factors for mycobacterial disease and (2) determine the effect of expanded access to isoniazid chemoprophylaxis on tuberculosis incidence."	5.08	Effect of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis on HIV-related mycobacterial disease. ( Astemborski, J; Bonds, M; Galai, N; Graham, NM; Nelson, KE; Rizzo, RT; Sheeley, L; Vlahov, D, 1996)
"Compliance with tuberculosis preventive therapy in a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 2736 HIV-infected Ugandans was measured using urinary isoniazid metabolite testing, clinic attendance, and self-report."	5.08	Comparison of three composite compliance indices in a trial of self-administered preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-infected Ugandan adults. Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration. ( Ellner, J; Johnson, J; Mayanja, H; Mugerwa, R; Nsubuga, P; Okwera, A; Pekovic, V; Vjecha, M; Whalen, C, 1998)
"To determine the efficacy of isoniazid 300 mg daily for 6 months in the prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults and to determine whether tuberculosis preventive therapy prolongs survival in HIV-1-infected adults."	5.08	Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults: results of a randomized controlled trial. ( Bwayo, JJ; Chakaya, JM; Elliott, LC; Gilks, CF; Githui, WA; Hawken, MP; Juma, ES; Kimari, JN; McAdam, KP; Meme, HK; Morris, JS; Ngugi, EN; Nunn, PP; Odhiambo, JA; Plummer, FA; Porter, JD; Thiong'o, LN, 1997)
"To test the hypothesis that antituberculous drug disposition is altered in patients with AIDS, we studied the steady-state pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (300 mg/d), rifampin (600 mg/d), and pyrazinamide (1,500 mg/d) in 29 adults (14 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and 15 non-HIV-infected patients) with tuberculosis in Nairobi, Kenya."	5.08	Pharmacokinetics of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with tuberculosis, AIDS, and diarrhea. ( Aoki, FY; Choudhri, SH; Gathua, S; Hawken, M; Long, R; Minyiri, GO; Sahai, J; Sitar, DS; Watkins, W, 1997)
"To characterize the susceptibility to levofloxacin of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) obtained from patients with HIV-related tuberculosis and to characterize the molecular genetics of levofloxacin resistance."	5.08	Susceptibility to levofloxacin of Myocobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with HIV-related tuberculosis and characterization of a strain with levofloxacin monoresistance. Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS 019 and the AIDS Clinica ( Chirgwin, K; El Sadr, WM; Hafner, R; Heifets, LB; Klein, O; Kreiswirth, BN; Matts, JP; Musser, JM; Nelson, ET; Perlman, DC; Salomon, N; Telzak, EE, 1997)
"A prospective comparative study was conducted to determine the effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on the incidence of active tuberculosis among Thai HIV-infected patients for 1 year."	5.08	Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis among Thai HIV-infected individuals. ( Saenghirunvattana, S, 1996)
"Because treatment can only be initiated when infection is detected, and is guided by the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, there recently has been a marked increase in the development and testing of novel assays designed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with or without simultaneous detection of resistance to isoniazid and/or rifampin."	4.89	Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and drug susceptibility testing. ( Wilson, ML, 2013)
"Isoniazid (INH) has been the mainstay of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection for almost 50 years."	4.86	Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: An update. ( Lobue, P; Menzies, D, 2010)
"The administration of isoniazid (INH) has been proposed, evaluated and implemented to prevent tuberculosis (TB) disease among patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."	4.82	Review editorial: prevention of tuberculosis in resource-poor countries with increasing access to highly active antiretroviral treatment. ( Apers, L; Colebunders, R; Lynen, L; Worodria, W, 2005)
"Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) taken by People Living with HIV (PLHIV) protects against active tuberculosis (TB)."	3.96	Outcomes of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data. ( Karanja, M; Kingwara, L; Kiplimo, R; Kirui, E; Maina, M; Masini, E; Ngari, F; Ngugi, C; Onyango, E; Owiti, P, 2020)
"31) were associated with increased risk of tuberculosis whereas taking Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) (AHR = 0."	3.96	Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis occurrence among adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study. ( Aemro, A; Anlay, DZ; Jember, A, 2020)
"Isoniazid resistant tuberculosis is the most prevalent type of resistance in Swaziland and over two-thirds of the isoniazid resistant tuberculosis patients are tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected."	3.91	Factors associated with isoniazid resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus positive patients in Swaziland: a case-control study. ( Chien, LY; Dlamini, NC; Ji, DD, 2019)
"World Health Organization advocates for integration of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) services and recommends intensive case finding (ICF), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and infection control ("Three I's") for TB prevention and control among persons living with HIV."	3.83	Implementation of Tuberculosis Intensive Case Finding, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, and Infection Control ("Three I's") and HIV-Tuberculosis Service Integration in Lower Income Countries. ( Avit-Edi, D; Ballif, M; Blevins, M; Castelnuovo, B; Charles, MK; Cortes, CP; Dung, NT; Durier, N; Dusingize, JC; Fenner, L; Lindegren, ML; Nakigozi, G; Sterling, TR; Wester, CW, 2016)
"Intensified tuberculosis (TB) case finding and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) are strongly recommended for children who are HIV infected."	3.83	Implementation and Operational Research: Implementation of the WHO 2011 Recommendations for Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) in Children Living With HIV/AIDS: A Ugandan Experience. ( Alowo, A; Bilardi, D; Costenaro, P; Cotton, MF; Fregonese, F; Giaquinto, C; Kizito, S; Lundin, R; Massavon, W; Mazza, A; Morelli, E; Nabachwa, SM; Namisi, CP; Nannyonga Musoke, M; Penazzato, M, 2016)
"Chest radiography is used to screen for tuberculosis (TB) in asymptomatic persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) seeking isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)."	3.76	Association of chest radiographic abnormalities with tuberculosis disease in asymptomatic HIV-infected adults. ( Agizew, T; Bachhuber, MA; Makwaruzi, VZ; Mboya, JJ; Nyirenda, S; Parker, JE; Samandari, T; Tallaksen, RJ; Tedla, Z, 2010)
"Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, PLWH)."	3.76	Tuberculosis in asymptomatic HIV-infected adults with abnormal chest radiographs screened for tuberculosis prevention. ( Agizew, TB; Arwady, MA; Kilmarx, PH; Mosimaneotsile, B; Motsamai, O; Nyirenda, S; Samandari, T; Tedla, Z; Wells, CD; Yoon, JC, 2010)
"Despite good evidence that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces incidence of tuberculosis among people with HIV infection, implementation of IPT is low."	3.76	Barriers to implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV clinics: a qualitative study. ( Chandler, C; Charalambous, S; Churchyard, GJ; Dwadwa, T; Grant, AD; Hamilton, R; Lester, R, 2010)
"A series of nevirapine derivatives has been synthesized in an effort to enhance the spectrum of chemotherapeutic properties for the effective treatment of AIDS and AIDS-related opportunistic infections."	3.73	Nevirapine derivatives with broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic properties for the effective treatment of HIV/AIDS. ( Bal, TR; Srichakravarthy, N; Sriram, D; Yogeeswari, P, 2005)
"Isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis has a positive impact on the development of clinical tuberculosis."	3.71	Reduction of clinical tuberculosis in HIV-infected males with isoniazid prophylaxis. ( Alaei, A; Alaei, K; Mansouri, D, 2002)
"Isoniazid therapy was shown to be 70% effective at preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected, PPD-positive Ugandan adults, but the feasibility of implementation outside an efficacy trial has not been established."	3.71	Operational assessment of isoniazid prophylaxis in a community AIDS service organisation in Uganda. ( Antivelink, L; Brink, A; Elliott, A; French, N; Gilks, C; Lugada, ES; Nakiyingi, J; Nanyunja, M; Watera, C; Whitworth, J, 2002)
"Isoniazid prophylaxis for 12 months effectively prevents tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons and may decrease the incidence of other HIV-related disease and mortality."	3.70	Short-course prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. A decision and cost-effectiveness analysis. ( Rose, DN, 1998)
"Annual skin testing for tuberculosis infection and anergy was performed, and eligible patients were offered daily isoniazid for 12 months and followed prospectively."	3.70	Effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected drug users at high risk for active tuberculosis. ( Gourevitch, MN; Hartel, D; Klein, RS; Schoenbaum, EE; Selwyn, PA, 1999)
" The objectives of this research were thus to describe the use and the results of TST among patients with HIV infection in Switzerland and to measure the usefulness of isoniazid preventive chemotherapy and the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) relative to TST and CD4 cell count at the time of TST."	3.69	[HIV infection, tuberculosis and tuberculin test in Switzerland. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study]. ( Bassetti, S; Hirschel, BJ; Ledergerber, B; Malvy, D; Rieder, H; Sudre, P, 1996)
"To assess the economic benefits and costs of providing isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected persons in Zambia."	3.69	Modelling the economic benefits of tuberculosis preventive therapy for people with HIV: the example of Zambia. ( Foster, S; Godfrey-Faussett, P; Porter, J, 1997)
"To assess the operational aspects of isoniazid preventive chemotherapy (IPT) for tuberculosis in persons dually infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified at an independent HIV voluntary counselling and testing centre in Kampala, Uganda."	3.69	Preventive chemotherapy for HIV-associated tuberculosis in Uganda: an operational assessment at a voluntary counselling and testing centre. ( Aisu, T; Barugahare, L; Engwau, FA; Eriki, P; McFarland, D; Narain, JP; Raviglione, MC; Tembo, G; van Praag, E, 1995)
"Isoniazid prophylaxis in HIV-positive injecting drug users has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)."	3.69	Isoniazid TB prophylaxis effective in drug users with HIV. ( , 1996)
"From January 1990 to December 1991, 16 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin were diagnosed at Elmhurst Hospital."	3.68	Transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in an urban hospital: epidemiologic and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. ( Beck-Sague, CM; Coronado, VG; Crawford, JT; Davis, BJ; Frieden, TR; Hutton, MD; Kilburn, JO; Nicholas, P; Villareal, C; Woodley, CL, 1993)
" tuberculosis, reactivation of the disease may be prevented by chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid or rifampicin."	3.68	[Indications for chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis. Arguments for]. ( Nicod, LP, 1993)
"Tuberculosis was associated with an increased mortality (adjusted rate ratio 1."	2.70	Long-term effect of preventive therapy for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected Zambian adults. ( Fuchs, D; Godfrey-Faussett, P; Hosp, M; Lisse, I; Mwinga, A; Quigley, MA, 2001)
"Rifapentine is a cyclopentyl-substituted rifamycin whose serum half-life is five times that of rifampin."	2.69	Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid. Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. ( Benator, D; Bozeman, L; Burman, W; Khan, A; Vernon, A, 1999)
"The treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been established as valid for patients at high risk for developing active tuberculosis."	2.50	Treatment guidelines for latent tuberculosis infection. ( , 2014)
" PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for publications in English to evaluate the evidence about dosing schedules and treatment efficacy."	2.47	Treatment of tuberculosis and optimal dosing schedules. ( Chang, KC; Grosset, J; Leung, CC; Yew, WW, 2011)
"Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection reduces the risk of active TB in HIV positive individuals especially in those with a positive tuberculin skin test."	2.46	Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. ( Adetifa, I; Akolo, C; Shepperd, S; Volmink, J, 2010)
"Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in developing countries including India."	2.41	Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Cherian, T; Verghese, VP, 2000)
"Treatment of tuberculosis has three major goals: healing the patient, preventing selection of resistant strains and control transmission of tuberculosis."	2.40	[Antitubercular chemotherapy]. ( Dautzenberg, B; Jouveshomme, S, 1997)
"To determine whether preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV reduces the frequency of tuberculosis and overall mortality."	2.40	Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials. ( Garner, P; Squire, SB; Wilkinson, D, 1998)
"Isoniazid has been the accepted drug for use as prophylaxis for TB in immunocompetent patients, and there is evidence that isoniazid is also effective in HIV-positive, PPD-positive patients."	2.39	Prophylaxis for tuberculosis in Europe--ongoing research. ( Carosi, G; Matteelli, A, 1996)
"Optimum treatment of tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still being defined."	2.38	Failure of therapy for tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Nolan, CM, 1992)
"Tuberculosis was the predominant comorbidity (15."	1.62	Low prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy uptake among HIV-infected patients attending tertiary health facility in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. ( Adejumo, IA; Badru, WA; Busari, AA; Olanrewaju, OA; Olayemi, SO; Oreagba, IA; Oshikoya, KA; Usman, SO, 2021)
"The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis at enrollment was 1."	1.62	Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya. ( Barnabas, RV; Feldman, Z; Gersh, JK; Horne, DJ; Kamene, M; Kinuthia, J; Lacourse, SM; Matemo, D; Mecha, J; Warr, AJ, 2021)
"WHO information note indicates that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is generally safe with little risk of hepatotoxicity."	1.48	Serious hepatotoxicity following use of isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV patients in Eritrea. ( Berhane, A; Debesai, M; Russom, M; Tekeste, T; Teklesenbet, T; Zeregabr, M, 2018)
"Tuberculosis, pneumonia, and severe bacterial infections are the main causes of hospital admission in HIV-infected children."	1.48	Priorities for Decreasing Morbidity and Mortality in Children With Advanced HIV Disease. ( Archary, M; Ford, N; Frigati, L; Penazzato, M; Rabie, H, 2018)
"Half the recurrences occurred in the first year since completing treatment."	1.38	The impact of HIV and ART on recurrent tuberculosis in a sub-Saharan setting. ( Crampin, AC; French, N; Glynn, JR; Houben, RM; Mboma, S; Mpunga, J; Mwaungulu, L; Mwaungulu, NJ; Mwenibabu, M; Mzemba, T, 2012)
"Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality among patients with HIV and poses a risk throughout the course of HIV disease, even after successful initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)."	1.35	Opportunities and challenges for HIV care in overlapping HIV and TB epidemics. ( Getahun, H; Havlir, DV; Nunn, P; Sanne, I, 2008)
"Isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) is particularly beneficial in the case of children who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."	1.34	Chapter 4: childhood contact screening and management. ( , 2007)
"All cases had evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis."	1.33	Ocular tuberculosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. ( Babu, RB; Biswas, J; Kumarasamy, N; Sudharshan, S; Therese, L, 2006)
"Treatment with isoniazid was beneficial in HIV-infected, tuberculin-positive IDUs."	1.32	Effectiveness of isoniazid treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected injection drug users in methadone programs. ( Amofa, J; Driver, CR; Fujiwara, PI; Gourevitch, MN; Highley, E; Kaye, K; Munsiff, SS; Rubino, MA; Scholten, JN; Seewald, R; Trim, C, 2003)
"Isoniazid (INH) treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI) reduces the riskfor developing active TB by 41%-92% (1)."	1.31	Missed opportunities for prevention of tuberculosis among persons with HIV infection--selected locations, United States, 1996-1997. ( , 2000)
" Results show that RIF/PZA, dosed either daily or twice weekly, is as effective in preventing tuberculosis in dually-infected adults, as INH/pyridoxine given for 6-12 months."	1.30	Short course preventive therapy for tuberculosis is successful in HIV-infected patients. ( Chaisson, RE, 1998)
"Isoniazid resistance was most prevalent, being found in 72% of isolates, followed by streptomycin resistance in 45%."	1.30	Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Singapore, 1995 to 1996. ( Boudville, IC; Snodgrass, I; Wong, SY, 1997)
"Isoniazid resistance was more likely in HIV seronegative patients with M."	1.30	Tuberculosis chemotherapy and sputum conversion among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients in south-eastern Uganda. ( Borgdorff, MW; Bretzel, G; Bwire, R; Kawuma, HJ; Rieder, HL; Rüsch-Gerdes, S; Sticht-Groh, V, 1999)
"There are few reports of children with AIDS and TB."	1.29	Clinical manifestation and outcome of tuberculosis in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. ( Birnbaum, J; Chan, SP; Rao, M; Steiner, P, 1996)

Research

Studies (266)

Authors

Clinical Trials (37)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoint, Antepartum: Grade 3 or Higher AE Related to Treatment, or Discontinuation of Treatment Due to AE

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	111 (41.73)	18.2507
2000's	64 (24.06)	29.6817
2010's	80 (30.08)	24.3611
2020's	11 (4.14)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Busari, AA	1
Oshikoya, KA	1
Adejumo, IA	1
Olanrewaju, OA	1
Usman, SO	1
Badru, WA	1
Oreagba, IA	1
Olayemi, SO	1
Dlamini, NC	1
Ji, DD	1
Chien, LY	1
Gupta, A	4
Montepiedra, G	1
Aaron, L	1
Theron, G	1
McCarthy, K	1
Bradford, S	1
Chipato, T	1
Vhembo, T	1
Stranix-Chibanda, L	1
Onyango-Makumbi, C	1
Masheto, GR	1
Violari, A	2
Mmbaga, BT	1
Aurpibul, L	1
Bhosale, R	1
Mave, V	3
Rouzier, V	1
Hesseling, A	1
Shin, K	1
Zimmer, B	1
Costello, D	1
Sterling, TR	5
Chakhtoura, N	1
Jean-Philippe, P	2
Weinberg, A	1
Wu, L	1
Ye, Z	1
Liu, H	1
Guo, H	1
Lin, J	1
Zheng, L	1
Chu, N	1
Liu, X	2
Reddy, MM	1
Thekkur, P	1
Ramya, N	1
Kamath, PBT	1
Shastri, SG	1
Kumar, RBN	1
Chinnakali, P	1
Nirgude, AS	1
Rangaraju, C	1
Somashekar, N	1
Kumar, AMV	1
Aemro, A	1
Jember, A	1
Anlay, DZ	1
Robert, M	1
Todd, J	1
Ngowi, BJ	1
Msuya, SE	1
Ramadhani, A	2
Sambu, V	1
Jerry, I	1
Mujuni, MR	1
Mahande, MJ	1
Ngocho, JS	1
Maokola, W	1
Ngugi, SK	1
Muiruri, P	1
Odero, T	1
Gachuno, O	1
Wang, X	1
Zhang, Y	2
Lin, X	1
Fu, Y	1
Sun, Q	1
Li, J	1
Bai, J	1
Karanja, M	1
Kingwara, L	1
Owiti, P	1
Kirui, E	1
Ngari, F	1
Kiplimo, R	1
Maina, M	1
Masini, E	1
Onyango, E	1
Ngugi, C	1
Prabhu, D	1
Dawe, RS	1
Mponda, K	1
Gersh, JK	1
Barnabas, RV	1
Matemo, D	1
Kinuthia, J	1
Feldman, Z	1
Lacourse, SM	2
Mecha, J	1
Warr, AJ	1
Kamene, M	1
Horne, DJ	1
Krishnan, S	1
Queiroz, ATL	1
Gupte, N	1
Bisson, GP	2
Kumwenda, J	2
Naidoo, K	2
Mohapi, L	4
Mngqibisa, R	1
Lama, JR	3
Hosseinipour, MC	2
Andrade, BB	1
Karakousis, PC	1
Hakim, J	3
Musiime, V	1
Szubert, AJ	1
Mallewa, J	1
Siika, A	1
Agutu, C	1
Walker, S	1
Pett, SL	1
Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M	1
Lugemwa, A	1
Kaunda, S	1
Karoney, M	1
Musoro, G	1
Kabahenda, S	1
Nathoo, K	1
Maitland, K	1
Griffiths, A	1
Thomason, MJ	1
Kityo, C	1
Mugyenyi, P	3
Prendergast, AJ	1
Walker, AS	1
Gibb, DM	1
Deya, RW	1
Graham, SM	2
Masese, LN	1
Jaoko, W	1
Mandaliya, KN	1
Overbaugh, J	1
McClelland, RS	1
Zunza, M	1
Gray, DM	2
Young, T	1
Cotton, M	3
Zar, HJ	5
Tram, KH	1
Mwangwa, F	1
Atukunda, M	1
Owaraganise, A	1
Ayieko, J	1
Plenty, A	1
Kwariisima, D	1
Clark, TD	1
Petersen, ML	1
Charlebois, ED	1
Kamya, MR	1
Chamie, G	1
Havlir, DV	2
Marquez, C	1
Moh, R	2
Badjé, A	2
N'takpé, JB	1
Kouamé, GM	2
Gabillard, D	2
Ouassa, T	2
Ouattara, E	2
Le Carrou, J	2
Bohoussou, F	1
Messou, E	2
Eholié, S	1
Anglaret, X	3
Danel, C	2
Boffa, J	1
Mayan, M	1
Ndlovu, S	1
Mhlaba, T	1
Williamson, T	1
Sauve, R	1
Fisher, D	1
Frigati, L	1
Archary, M	1
Rabie, H	1
Penazzato, M	2
Ford, N	1
Weldegebreal, T	1
Ahmed, I	1
Muhiye, A	1
Belete, S	1
Bekele, A	1
Kaba, M	1
Russom, M	1
Debesai, M	1
Zeregabr, M	1
Berhane, A	1
Tekeste, T	1
Teklesenbet, T	1
Swindells, S	1
Ramchandani, R	1
Benson, CA	1
Leon-Cruz, J	1
Mwelase, N	1
Jean Juste, MA	1
Valencia, J	1
Omoz-Oarhe, A	1
Supparatpinyo, K	1
Masheto, G	1
da Silva Escada, RO	1
Mawlana, S	1
Banda, P	1
Severe, P	3
Kanyama, C	1
Langat, D	1
Moran, L	1
Andersen, J	1
Fletcher, CV	1
Nuermberger, E	1
Chaisson, RE	14
Saldanha, N	1
Runwal, K	1
Ghanekar, C	1
Gaikwad, S	1
Sane, S	1
Pujari, S	1
Marais, BJ	2
Maeurer, M	1
Zumla, A	2
Taylor, AW	1
Mosimaneotsile, B	2
Mathebula, U	1
Mathoma, A	1
Moathlodi, R	1
Theebetsile, I	1
Samandari, T	3
Dierberg, KL	1
Wilson, ML	1
Swaminathan, S	3
Rangaka, MX	1
Wilkinson, RJ	2
Boulle, A	2
Glynn, JR	3
Fielding, K	1
van Cutsem, G	1
Wilkinson, KA	1
Goliath, R	1
Mathee, S	1
Goemaere, E	1
Maartens, G	1
Mindachew, M	1
Deribew, A	1
Memiah, P	1
Biadgilign, S	1
Martinson, NA	5
McLeod, KE	1
Milovanovic, M	1
Msandiwa, R	2
Lebina, L	1
Sacks, HS	1
Date, A	1
Modi, S	1
Wasserman, S	1
Meintjes, G	2
Abdool Karim, SS	1
Anzian, A	1
Ntakpé, JB	1
Minga, A	1
Bouhoussou, F	1
Emieme, A	1
Kouamé, A	2
Inwoley, A	1
Toni, TD	1
Ahiboh, H	1
Kabran, M	1
Rabe, C	1
Sidibé, B	1
Nzunetu, G	1
Konan, R	1
Gnokoro, J	1
Gouesse, P	1
Dohoun, L	1
Kamagate, S	1
Yao, A	1
Amon, S	1
Kouame, AB	1
Koua, A	1
Kouamé, E	1
Ndri, Y	1
Ba-Gomis, O	1
Daligou, M	1
Ackoundzé, S	1
Hawerlander, D	1
Ani, A	1
Dembélé, F	1
Koné, F	1
Guéhi, C	1
Kanga, C	1
Koule, S	1
Séri, J	1
Oyebi, M	1
Mbakop, N	1
Makaila, O	1
Babatunde, C	1
Babatounde, N	1
Bleoué, G	1
Tchoutedjem, M	1
Kouadio, AC	1
Sena, G	1
Yededji, SY	1
Assi, R	1
Bakayoko, A	1
Mahassadi, A	1
Attia, A	1
Oussou, A	1
Mobio, M	1
Bamba, D	1
Koman, M	1
Horo, A	1
Deschamps, N	1
Chenal, H	1
Sassan-Morokro, M	2
Konate, S	1
Aka, K	1
Aoussi, E	1
Journot, V	1
Nchot, C	1
Karcher, S	1
Chaix, ML	1
Rouzioux, C	1
Sow, PS	2
Perronne, C	2
Girard, PM	1
Menan, H	1
Bissagnene, E	1
Kadio, A	1
Ettiegne-Traore, V	1
Moh-Semdé, C	1
Massumbuko, JM	1
Chêne, G	1
Dosso, M	1
Domoua, SK	1
N'Dri-Yoman, T	1
Salamon, R	1
Eholié, SP	1
Trinh, TT	1
Han, DT	1
Bloss, E	1
Le, TH	1
Vu, TT	1
Mai, AH	1
Nguyen, NV	1
Nguyen, LT	1
Dinh, SN	1
Whitehead, S	1
Rockwood, N	1
Abdullahi, LH	1
Costenaro, P	1
Massavon, W	1
Lundin, R	1
Nabachwa, SM	1
Fregonese, F	1
Morelli, E	1
Alowo, A	1
Nannyonga Musoke, M	1
Namisi, CP	1
Kizito, S	1
Bilardi, D	1
Mazza, A	1
Cotton, MF	5
Giaquinto, C	1
Godfrey-Faussett, P	7
Ayles, H	1
Miyahara, S	1
Sun, X	1
Moses, A	1
Riviere, C	1
Kirui, FK	1
Badal-Faesen, S	1
Lagat, D	1
Nyirenda, M	1
Henostroza, G	1
Leger, PD	1
Alave, J	1
Veloso, VG	1
Pillay, S	1
Kumarasamy, N	3
Bao, J	1
Hogg, E	1
Jones, L	1
Zolopa, A	1
Alemu, YM	1
Andargie, G	1
Gebeye, E	1
Charles, MK	1
Lindegren, ML	1
Wester, CW	1
Blevins, M	1
Dung, NT	1
Dusingize, JC	1
Avit-Edi, D	1
Durier, N	1
Castelnuovo, B	1
Nakigozi, G	1
Cortes, CP	1
Ballif, M	1
Fenner, L	2
Oloo, SA	1
Gupta-Wright, A	1
Fielding, KL	5
van Oosterhout, JJ	1
Wilson, DK	1
Corbett, EL	5
Flach, C	1
Reddy, KP	1
Walensky, RP	2
Peters, JA	1
Alufandika-Moyo, M	1
Lawn, SD	3
Walusimbi, S	1
Kwesiga, B	1
Rodrigues, R	1
Haile, M	1
de Costa, A	1
Bogg, L	1
Katamba, A	1
Jacobson, KB	1
Niccolai, L	1
Mtungwa, N	1
Moll, AP	1
Shenoi, SV	1
Getahun, H	3
Sanne, I	1
Nunn, P	2
Zar, H	2
Salinas, A	1
Martínez, E	1
Puerta, A	1
Nam-Cha, S	1
Sar, B	1
Keo, C	1
Leng, C	1
Saman, M	1
Min, DC	1
Chan, S	1
Monchy, D	1
Sarthou, JL	1
Boonsarngsuk, V	1
Tansirichaiya, K	1
Kiatboonsri, S	1
Golub, JE	2
Pronyk, P	1
Thsabangu, N	1
Moshabela, M	1
Struthers, H	1
Gray, GE	2
McIntyre, JA	2
Souza, CT	1
Hökerberg, YH	1
Pacheco, SJ	1
Rolla, VC	1
Passos, SR	1
Wood, R	2
Bekker, LG	1
Gray, D	1
Nuttall, J	1
Lombard, C	2
Davies, MA	1
Workman, L	1
Apolles, P	1
Eley, B	1
Narendran, G	1
Venkatesan, P	1
Iliayas, S	2
Santhanakrishnan, R	1
Menon, PA	1
Padmapriyadarsini, C	2
Ramachandran, R	1
Chinnaiyan, P	1
Suhadev, M	1
Sakthivel, R	1
Narayanan, PR	2
Agizew, TB	1
Arwady, MA	1
Yoon, JC	1
Nyirenda, S	2
Tedla, Z	2
Motsamai, O	1
Kilmarx, PH	1
Wells, CD	1
Akolo, C	1
Adetifa, I	1
Shepperd, S	1
Volmink, J	2
Agizew, T	1
Bachhuber, MA	1
Makwaruzi, VZ	1
Tallaksen, RJ	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase IV Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Immediate (Antepartum-Initiated) Versus Deferred (Postpartum-Initiated) Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Women in High Tuberculosis (TB) Incidence Setting[NCT01494038]	Phase 4	956 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-19	Completed
TB Screening Improves Preventive Therapy Uptake Trial[NCT04557176]		1,719 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-16	Active, not recruiting
Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health[NCT01864603]		150,395 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Benefits and Risks of Early Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-infected Adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Randomized Controlled Trial (ANRS 12136 TEMPRANO)[NCT00495651]	Phase 3	2,073 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
One-month Latent Tuberculosis Treatment for Renal Transplant Candidates[NCT05411744]	Phase 4	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
2R2: Higher Dose Rifampin for 2 Months vs Standard Dose Rifampin for Latent TB: a 3-arm Randomized Trial.[NCT03988933]	Phase 2	1,368 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-20	Active, not recruiting
Early Risk Assessment in TB contactS by New Diagnostic tEsts[NCT04781257]		2,100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-03-01	Active, not recruiting
Options for Delivering Isoniazid-Rifapentine (3HP) for TB Prevention: the 3HP Options Implementation Trial[NCT03934931]		1,656 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-13	Active, not recruiting
Phase III Clinical Trial of Ultra-Short-Course Rifapentine/Isoniazid for the Prevention of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Individuals With Latent Tuberculosis Infection[NCT01404312]	Phase 3	3,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-23	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Limited vs. Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana[NCT00164281]	Phase 4	2,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Randomized-controlled Trial of Isoniazid Plus Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Against Placebo to Prevent Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Persons[NCT00463086]		1,368 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Feasibility and Outcome of Same-day Antiretroviral Therapy With Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (BIC/F/TAF) Among Patients Testing Positive by HIV Confirmatory Tests[NCT04712058]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Recruiting
Same Day Community-based ART Initiation Versus Clinic-based Pre-ART Assessment and Counselling for Individuals Newly Tested HIV-positive During Community-based HIV Testing in Rural Lesotho - a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02692027]	Phase 3	276 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
PROvide MIner-friendly SErvices for Integrated TB/HIV Care in Lesotho Study (PROMISE Study)[NCT03537872]		248 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-13	Completed
URBAN ARCH (3/5) Uganda Cohort TB Preventive Therapy for HIV-infected Alcohol Users in Uganda: an Evaluation of Safety Tolerability and Adherence[NCT03302299]	Phase 4	302 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-07	Completed
Reducing Early Mortality and Early Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis Treatment Regimens (REMEMBER)[NCT01380080]	Phase 4	851 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
Multi Center Clinical Research and Evaluation of Melting Technology for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis[NCT02776150]		3,100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2016-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Short Course Intermittent Regimens for the Treatment of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis[NCT00376012]	Phase 3	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-02-28	Active, not recruiting
A Nurse Case Management Intervention to Improve MDR-TB/HIV Co-Infection Outcomes[NCT02129244]		3,600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Transcriptional Signature of HIV And TB Co-Infection[NCT01611402]		96 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-05-29	Completed
Z 31411 - The Effect of Xpert MTB/RIF on Patient Health Outcomes and Empirical TB Treatment Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Parallel-Group Prospective Cohort Study Under Real-World Conditions in Lusaka, Zambia[NCT02729532]		776 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-06-22	Completed
Adaptive Evaluation of mHealth and Conventional Adherence Support Interventions to Optimize Outcome With New Treatment Regimens for Drug-resistant Tuberculosis and HIV in South Africa[NCT05633056]		360 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Long Term Study of 2 Isoniazid (INH) Prophylactic Regimens With Concomitant Cotrimoxazole (CTX) in HIV-infected Children - Impact on Morbidity, Mortality, Bacterial Resistance and Incidence of Tuberculosis[NCT00330304]	Phase 3	450 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
Novel TB Prevention Regimens for HIV-Infected Adults[NCT00057122]	Phase 3	1,148 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Completed
Impact of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir and Darunavir Boosted With Cobicistat in Healthy Volunteers[NCT02771249]	Phase 1	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-03	Completed
A Randomised, Pragmatic, Open-Label Trial To Evaluate The Effect Of Three Months Of High Dose Rifapentine Plus Isoniazid Administered As A Single Round Or Given Annually In HIV-Positive Individuals[NCT02980016]	Phase 3	4,027 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Primary Prophylaxis for Prevention of TB in Prison's Populations[NCT03028129]	Phase 4	467 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-04	Terminated (stopped due to Interim analysis showed efficacy less than 2.5%.)
Preventing Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Exposed Infants[NCT02613169]	Phase 2	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Isoniazid (INH) in Preventing Tuberculosis Disease and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Infants With Perinatal Exposure to HIV[NCT00080119]	Phase 2/Phase 3	1,354 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Terminated (stopped due to Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) recommended stopping study due to futility)
Prophylactic Use of Entecavir to Reduce Hepatitis Flare in Highly Viremic HBV Patients With Active Tuberculosis Receiving Anti-tuberculous Treatment[NCT01724723]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Two Different Preventive Therapy Regimens for Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Persons[NCT00351702]	Phase 3	650 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-02-28	Completed
Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Suspected Latent Tuberculous Infection[NCT00000959]		600 participants	Interventional		Completed
The Treatment of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Infection[NCT00001033]	Phase 3	650 participants	Interventional		Completed
TB Treatment Support Tools: Refinement and Evaluation of an Interactive Mobile App and Direct Adherence Monitoring on TB Treatment Outcomes[NCT04221789]		555 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-17	Active, not recruiting
TBTC Study 22: Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid Compared to Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid Compared to Twice-Weekly Rifampin and Isoniazid in the Continuation Phase of Therapy for Pulmonary Tubercu[NCT00023335]	Phase 3	1,000 participants	Interventional	1995-04-30	Completed
Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Confirmed Latent Tuberculous Infection[NCT00000638]		2,000 participants	Interventional		Completed
Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Confirmed Latent Tuberculous Infection[NCT00000636]		2,000 participants	Interventional		Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through end of pregnancy

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoint, up to 12 Weeks Postpartum: Grade 3 or Higher AE Related to Treatment, or Discontinuation of Treatment Due to AE

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	15.93
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	13.79

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through 12 weeks after birth

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoint: Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events (AEs) Related to Treatment, or AE Causing Discontinuation of Treatment

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	16.98
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	10.09

Incidence rate, calculated by Mantel-Haenszel (MH), weighted by gestational age strata 1) gestational age at entry less than 24 weeks or 2) gestational age at entry greater than or equal to 24 weeks. AE's include laboratory results, signs/symptoms, or diagnoses; graded as per Division of AIDS (DAIDS) or by protocol-defined hepatotoxicity measures. Related to treatment indicates possibly, probably, or definitely related to INH or Placebo for INH as judged by Independent Endpoint Review Committee. Discontinuation refers to permanent discontinuation of study treatment. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoints: Infant TB or Infant Death

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	15.03
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	14.93

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoints: Maternal TB or Maternal Death

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	2.99
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.68

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Combined Endpoints: Maternal TB, Maternal Death, Infant TB, or Infant Death

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1.00
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	1.38

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Infant Death

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	3.42
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.72

Incidence rate was calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Maternal Deaths

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	2.99
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.42

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 postpartum

Incidence Rate of TB Infection Among Mothers

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	0.40
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	0.78

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. Probable or confirmed TB infection, as judged by Secondary Endpoint Review Committee (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry to Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate of Tuberculosis (TB) Among Infants

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	0.60
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	0.59

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. Probable or confirmed TB, or congenital TB as defined using the Cantwell criteria (see reference), judged by the Secondary Endpoint Review Committee. Includes an infant death due to unknown cause. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Incidence Rate, Antepartum, of Grade 3 or Higher AE

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	0.54
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	0.52

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through end of pregnancy

Incidence Rate, Antepartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Defined by DAIDS, Any Cause

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	56.36
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	50.88

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through delivery

Incidence Rate, Antepartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Defined by DAIDS, Related to Treatment

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1.77
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	2.59

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. Hepatotoxicity definition as defined by DAIDS AE grading criteria 1.0. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through delivery

Incidence Rate, Antepartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Defined by Protocol-specific Definition of Hepatotoxicity, Related to Treatment

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1.77
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	2.59

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. Protocol-specific definition of hepatotoxicity: Any one of the following: 1) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), where ULN is specified by the clinic physician; 2) Total bilirubin > 3 X ULN; 3) ALT greater than 3 X ULN and total bilirubin greater than 2 X ULN; or 4) ALT > 3 X ULN and persistent symptomatic clinical hepatitis (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through delivery

Incidence Rate, Antepartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Protocol-specific Definition, Any Cause

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1.77
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	2.59

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through delivery

Incidence Rate, to 12 Weeks Postpartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Protocol-specific Definition, Any Cause

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1.77
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	2.59

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through 12 weeks postpartum

Incidence Rate, to 12 Weeks Postpartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Protocol-specific Definition, Related to Treatment

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	8.37
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.98

Incidence rate calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through 12 weeks postpartum

Incidence Rate, up to 12 Weeks Postpartum, of Grade 3 or Higher AE

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	7.91
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.52

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through 12 weeks postpartum

Incidence Rate, up to 12 Weeks Postpartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Defined by DAIDS, Any Cause

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	56.48
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	40.59

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study start through 12 weeks postpartum

Incidence Rate, up to 12 Weeks Postpartum, of Hepatotoxicity, Defined by DAIDS, Related to Treatment

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	8.37
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.98

Incidence rates calculated by Mantel-Haenszel, weighted by gestational age strata (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study start through 12 weeks postpartum

Number of Infants Hospitalized

Intervention	events per 100 person-years (Number)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	7.91
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	4.52

Hospitalization due to reasons other than birth (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Number of Infants With Grade 3 or Higher Clinical or Laboratory AE

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	73
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	75

Laboratory, sign/symptom, or diagnoses graded as 3 or higher by DAIDS criteria. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Number of Infants With Grade 3 or Higher Clinical or Laboratory AE Related to Treatment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	193
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	196

As before, but AE is judged to be possibly, probably, or definitely related to INH or Placebo for INH, by clinic medical staff (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 after birth

Number of Mothers With a Fetal Death

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	5
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	6

Fetal deaths include both stillbirths and spontaneous abortions; in case of a multiple birth, mothers who had at least one fetal death (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through end of pregnancy

Number of Mothers With an Infant Born Prematurely

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	17
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	9

Premature birth is defined as gestational age of < 37 weeks at delivery. (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured at delivery

Number of Mothers With Tuberculosis Resistant to INH

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	48
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	40

Resistance to INH from isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a percentage of mothers who develop culture-confirmed TB (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 48 postpartum

Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Adjusted Mean of Area Under the Curve (AUC24h), for EFV

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Immediate INH Treatment)	1
Arm B (Deferred INH Treatment)	0

Pharmacokinetic parameter was estimated from population PK modeling fitted to the intensive PK data. AUC0-24h was predicted using population pharmacokinetic model using the NONMEM software program. A 2-compartment model with first-order absorption with transit compartment and first-order elimination with well-stirred liver model to capture hepatic clearance and first-pass extraction with 1 parameter (hepatic intrinsic clearance) was used, (NCT01494038)
Timeframe: Measured at antepartum (third trimester and >= 2 weeks after starting study drug) and week 16 postpartum (+/-) 4 weeks) while on active INH; blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dosing.

Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Adjusted Mean of Area Under the Curve of Plasma Concentration Versus Time (AUC24h), for INH

Intervention	hour*mg/L (Mean)
	Third trimester of pregnancy	Week 16 postpartum
Fast Metabolizers	38.5	46.9
Intermediate Metabolizers	62.5	76.2
Slow Metabolizers	153.02	186

Adherence to PrEP Treatment

Intervention	hour*mg/L (Mean)
	Third trimester of pregnancy	Week 16 postpartum
Fast Metabolizers	3.63	4.25
Intermediate Metabolizers	6.55	7.67
Slow Metabolizers	21.6	25.3

Number of patients with adherence to PrEP treatment (self reported adherence at >=1 visit) (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Average Adults' on- and Off-farm Employment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention	3282

HIV+ adults with on- and off-farm employment (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Cumulative HIV Incidence

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	85.5
Control	82.4

"Cumulative 3 year HIV incidence in men and women ages ≥15 years after the start of Phase I intervention.~Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence." (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Cumulative Incidence of ART-initiation

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	0.77
Control	0.81

Proportion of baseline HIV+ ART-naive persons who initiate ART Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

HIV Incidence

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	83
Control	50

HIV incidence rate in men and women ages ≥15 years after the start of Phase II intervention (started after 3 years of Phase I). (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

HIV Incidence Rate

Intervention	Incident HIV per 100 person-year (Number)
Intervention	0.35
Control	0.92

HIV incidence rates during the first and third year of follow up; Results from the Control arm are not provided because annual HIV incidence was not measured in the control arm (annual HIV testing was only conducted in the intervention arm). (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

HIV-free Infant Survival

Intervention	per 100 person-years (Number)
Intervention Year 1	0.43
Intervention Year 3	0.31

"Probability of an infant born to an HIV+ mother remaining alive and HIV uninfected.~Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence." (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Hypertension Control

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	96.7
Control	93.6

"hypertension control (greater than or equal to 140 mg Hg systolic or 90 mg Hg diastolic after 3 repeated readings) at year 3 among adults aged >= 30 years with hypertension.~Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence." (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Incident TB Associated With HIV

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	47
Control	37

Cumulative incidence of TB or death due to illness among HIV+ population. Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Linkage to Care

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	3.7
Control	4.6

Proportion of Persons Attending an HIV Clinic Visit by 30 Days After HIV Test Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 30 days after HIV test

Overall Mortality

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	41
Control	24

Mortality risk among HIV+ population. Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Percent of HIV+ Adults With HIV RNA <=500 c/mL

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	3.0
Control	3.9

Percent of HIV+ adults with HIV RNA <=500 c/mL. Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	79
Control	68

Percentage of participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Prevalence of Transmitted HIV Drug-resistance Mutations

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention	361
Control	248

HIV NNRTI drug-resistance mutations found at baseline (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: Baseline

Time in Care for HIV+ Adults With Baseline Viremia

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Intervention	8
Control	11

Percent of time spent actively engaged in HIV care among HIV+ adults with baseline viremia (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Total Costs of Programming (ART)

Intervention	percentage of days (Mean)
Intervention	81
Control	73

Cost of ART streamlined care delivery amount HIV+ persons (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: Follow up year 3

Year 3 Viremia Among ART-experienced Persons With Baseline Viremia

Intervention	USD per person year (Mean)
Intervention	291
Control	221

Plasma HIV RNA <400 cps/ml Mean was calculated as the average across clusters of the cluster-level cumulative incidence. (NCT01864603)
Timeframe: 3 years follow up

Proportion of Participants Who Accepted 3HP Treatment

Intervention	cumulative events per 100 persons (Mean)
Intervention	67
Control	47

The count of eligible people living with HIV (PLHIV) offered 3HP who accept to initiate treatment (by age, gender, CD4 stratum, viral load suppression) divided by the count of those randomized. (NCT03934931)
Timeframe: Within 16 weeks of treatment initiation

Proportion of Participants Who Accepted and Completed 3HP

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
Facilitated Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)	0.998
Facilitated Self-Administered Therapy (SAT)	1.00
Patient Choice Between Facilitated DOT and Facilitated SAT	0.995

The count of eligible participants who accept treatment and take at least 11 of 12 once weekly doses of rifapentine (RPT)/isoniazid (INH) within 16 weeks of treatment initiation divided by the count of those randomized. (NCT03934931)
Timeframe: Within 16 weeks of treatment initiation

Proportion of Participants Who Completed 3HP Treatment

Count of participants who take at least 11 of 12 doses within 16 weeks of treatment initiation divided by the count those who take at least one dose of 3HP. (NCT03934931)
Timeframe: Within 16 weeks of treatment initiation

Proportion of People Who Discontinued 3HP Treatment Due to Adverse Events/Intolerance

Count of participants for whom treatment is discontinued due to adverse events or intolerance divided by the count of those who initiated 3HP. (NCT03934931)
Timeframe: Within 16 weeks of treatment initiation

Incidence of First Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis, Death Related to Tuberculosis, or Death From Unknown Cause

Incidence rate (events per 100 person-years) was estimated, and 95.1% confidence interval used to account for interim analysis of primary efficacy outcome. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)

Cumulative Incidence of Death Due to a Non-TB Event

Cumulative incidence function estimated nonparametrically, treating TB-related deaths as competing risks. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)

Cumulative Incidence of Death From Any Cause

Data table estimates for percentage who died by each time point were estimated using Kaplan-Meier at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-entry. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)

Efavirenz (EFV) Plasma Concentrations in Arm A

"Mean and standard deviation.~Week 16 samples have not yet been analyzed because the metabolite assay is being validated, and requires submission for approval by the Clinical Pharmacology Quality Assurance Program. Analysis of week 16 samples are anticipated to be available in September 2019." (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 16

Nevirapine (NVP) Plasma Concentrations in Arm A

Mean and standard deviation (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 2, and 4

Number of Participants With Antibiotic Resistance Among Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Isolates in Participants Who Develop Active Tuberculosis

Among MTB-diagnosed participants who underwent drug-susceptibility testing, the number who had any resistance to a particular drug. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: After TB diagnosis

Cumulative Incidence of Participants Experiencing a Grade 3/4 Hepatotoxicity

Safety will be assessed by the occurrence of a Grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity at any time during the assigned treatment period. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Hepatotoxicity occurring during the six month course (180 pills) of isoniazid (INH), which may be taken over a maximum of 9 months.

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment

Lack of tolerability will be defined as any isoniazid (INH) treatment discontinuation prior to completion of the prescribed course (6 months of INH taken over a maximum period of 9 months) due to side effects or alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) elevations. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Six month course (180 pills) of isoniazid (INH), which may be taken over a maximum of 9 months.

Number of Participants With Alanine Transaminase (ALT) or Aspartate Transaminase (AST) Elevations at Study Screening

Alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) elevations (>2x the upper limit of normal) at study screening (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Study screening visit

Number of Participants With Latent Tuberculosis at Study Screening.

Latent tuberculosis assessed at screening via tuberculin skin testing (TST). A TST induration >=5mm was considered positive for latent tuberculosis. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Study screening visit

INH Concentration in Hair: (INH Pmol + Acetyl INH Pmol) Per mg of Hair

INH concentration in hair (pmol/mg) will be measured at 3- and 6- months during INH therapy. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Measured at 3- and 6- months after INH initiation

Percentage of Participants With Suboptimal INH Medication Adherence

Suboptimal INH adherence was defined as <90% of days with at least 1 electronic medication management (EMM) pill cap opening in the previous 90 days, at 3- and 6-months. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Adherence will be measured over the 6 months on INH or until INH discontinuation (whichever is shorter)

Self-reported INH Medication Adherence: Number of Days Taking INH in the Past 30 Days

"Participants were asked In the past 30 days, how many days in total have you not taken your pill? and were presented with a visual analog scale (VAS) to indicate the percentage of INH taken in the past 30 days. We converted the VAS percentage into number of days out of 30 to match the first question. Our final self-report measure was the minimum number of the 2 self-reported measurements." (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Self-reported INH medication adherence via VAS will be measured 3- and 6- months after starting INH

Self-reported INH Medication Adherence by the Self Rating Single Item (SRSI) Scale

The Self Rating Single Item (SRSI) adherence scale asks participants to rate their ability to take their medications as prescribed over the past 30 days. Participants reporting INH use in the prior 30 days at the 3- or 6-month interview are included here, and reported their INH adherence in the prior 30 days as excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, or very poor. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Self-reported INH medication adherence via SRSI will be measured 3- and 6- months after starting INH

Cumulative Probability of Death by Week 24

The Kaplan-Meier estimate of cumulative probability of death by week 24 (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 24

Cumulative Probability of Death or AIDS Progression by Week 24

The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of death or AIDS progression by week 24. AIDS progression was defined as new WHO stage 3 or 4 conditions occurred after study entry. (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 24

Cumulative Probability of Death or AIDS Progression by Week 48

The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of death or AIDS progression by week 48. AIDS progression was defined as new WHO stage 3 or 4 conditions occurred after study entry. (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Cumulative Probability of Death or Unknown Vital Status by Week 24

"The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of death or unknown vital status by week 24.~The vital status was considered unknown at week 24 if a participant prematurely discontinued from the study before week 24 and no vital status was obtained at week 48." (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 24

Cumulative Probability of First AIDS Progression by Week 96

The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of first AIDS progression which was defined as the identification of a new World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 or 4 condition (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Proportion of Participants Who Prematurely Discontinued Antiretroviral Therapy by Week 48

Proportion of participants with premature discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) by Week 48 (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Proportion of Participants Who Prematurely Discontinued Any Component of TB Treatment by Week 48

Proportion of participants with premature discontinuation of any component of TB treatment by Week 48 (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Proportion of Participants With at Least One New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event That is at Least a One-grade Increase From Baseline by Week 48

Proportion of participants with at least one new Grade 3 or 4 laboratory or sign or symptom that is at least a one-grade increase from baseline by Week 48. Grade 3=Severe, Grade 4=Life-Threatening according to DAIDS AE Grading Table (see references). (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Proportion of Participants With at Least One New Grade 3 or 4 Targeted Laboratory Value That is at Least a One-grade Increase From Baseline by Week 48

"Proportion of participants with at least one new Grade 3 or 4 that is at least a one-grade increase from baseline for the following targeted laboratory values by Week 48~The targeted laboratory events include hemoglobin, serum creatinine, ALT and AST" (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48. The lab events were collected at study entry, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 48.

Proportion of Participants With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) by Week 48

Proportion of participants with IRIS (using current ACTG definition Appendix 60, see References) by Week 48. IRIS in participants with TB and other opportunistic infections may occur shortly after the initiation of potent combination ART, particularly in participants with advanced HIV disease. (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Proportion of Participants With Reportable Hospitalization by Week 48

Proportion of participants with reportable hospitalization reported by Week 48 (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 48

Proportion of Participants With TB Diagnosis by Week 96

Proportion of participants with TB diagnosis per current ACTG Diagnosis Appendix 60 by week 96 (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

Time to Initiation of TB Treatment by Week 96

Median time to TB treatment initiation since study entry (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: From study entry to week 96

CD4+ T-cell Count

The absolute levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (cells/mm^3) (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: At weeks 0, 4, 24, and 48

CD4+ T-cell Count Change From Baseline

Change was calculated as the CD4+ T-cell count at the later weeks (4, 24 and 48) minus the baseline (week 0) CD4+ T-cell count. (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 4, 24 and 48

Proportion of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Level <400 Copies/mL

Proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA level <400 copies/mL. (NCT01380080)
Timeframe: At weeks 0, 4, 24, and 48

Quantiferon TB Gold Plus (QIAGEN®) Conversion at the Premature Exclusion Visit.

Number of participants who had a Quantiferon TB Gold Plus (QIAGEN®) score greater than or equal to 0.35 international units per milliliter, at the time of the premature exclusion visit, on all participants in the group. (NCT03028129)
Timeframe: up to 6 months

Combined Outcome of MTB Infection, TB Disease, and Death

"Number of infants with a combined endpoint of MTB infection, TB disease, and death~MTB infection as measured by IGRA or tuberculin skin test at 12 months post-enrollment~TB disease including microbiologically confirmed (culture or Xpert positive), or probable TB (clinical diagnosis).~Death of infant" (NCT02613169)
Timeframe: Over 12 months after randomization

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Infection

Among HEU infants enrolled at approximately 6 weeks of age, compare the risk of acquiring MTB infection during 1 year of follow-up in infants randomized to receive INH vs. no INH using an interferon-gamma release (IGRA) QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay or tuberculin skin test as part of a composite endpoint to determine MTB infection status (NCT02613169)
Timeframe: at 12 months post randomization

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Infection Cumulative Incidence

Severe Adverse Events (SAE)

Number of infants with grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events as assessed by DAIDS Table for the Grading Severity of Pediatric Adverse Experiences (NCT02613169)
Timeframe: Over 12 months after randomization

Time From Randomization to Death Among HIV-infected and Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Deaths from any cause were included. Results report percent of participants dying by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to Development of TB Disease Among HIV Infected and Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Criteria for diagnosis with TB disease were: Definite-isolation of M.tb or positive stain on CSF; Probable-positive AFB stain on fluids/tissues other than CSF and sufficient clinical criteria/radiographic evidence suggestive of TB; Possible-abnormal chest radiograph suggestive of PTB and either a +ve TST or minimum score on algorithm to diagnose clinical TB. All records were reviewed by an Endpoint Review Group to verify that participants had met the criteria for TB disease. Results report percent of participants reaching TB disease/death by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to Development of TB Disease or Death Among Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Time From Randomization to Development of TB Infection Among HIV-infected and Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Criteria for diagnosis with TB infection were outlined in the protocol. TB infection included TB disease (see primary outcome measure 1 for definition) and latent TB infection. Latent TB infection was diagnosed by a positive TST based on a PPD performed at week 96. Participant records were reviewed by an Endpoint Review Group to verify that participants had met the criteria for TB infection. Results report percent of participants reaching TB infection by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to Development of TB Infection or Death Among HIV-infected Children

Criteria for diagnosis with TB infection were outlined in the protocol. TB infection included TB disease (see primary outcome measure 1 for definition) and latent TB infection. Latent TB infection was diagnosed by a positive TST based on a PPD performed at week 96. Participant records were reviewed by an Endpoint Review Group to verify that participants had met the criteria for TB infection. Results report percent of participants reaching TB infection or death by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to Development of TB Infection or Death Among Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Criteria for diagnosis with TB infection were outlined in the protocol. TB infection included TB disease (see primary outcome measure 1 for definition) and latent TB infection. Latent TB infection was diagnosed by a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) based on a purified protein derivative (PPD) performed at week 96. Participant records were reviewed by an Endpoint Review Group to verify that participants had met the criteria for TB infection. Results report percent of participants reaching TB infection or death by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to HIV Disease Progression or Death Among HIV-infected Children

HIV disease progression was defined as any advancement in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) disease category from entry or death. If a participant was CDC disease category C at entry progression was defined as death. Results report percent of participants with HIV progression or death by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time to Development of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease or Death Among HIV-infected Children

Criteria for diagnosis with TB disease: Definite-isolation of Mycobacterium TB (M.tb) or +ve stain on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); Probable- +ve acid fast bacilli (AFB) stain on fluids/tissues other than CSF and sufficient clinical criteria/radiographic evidence suggestive of TB; Possible-abnormal chest radiograph suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB) and either a +ve tuberculin skin test (TST) or minimum score on algorithm for clinical TB. Records reviewed by Endpoint Review Group. Results report percent of participants reaching TB disease/death by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Time From Randomization to First New Grade 3 or Worse Adverse Event Among HIV-infected and Perinatally Exposed, HIV-uninfected Children

Signs, symptoms and laboratory values were graded according to the Division of AIDS Adverse Event Grading System. Any event of grade 3 or higher not present at entry that occurred after randomization was classified as a new event. Results report percent of participants with a new event by week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00080119)
Timeframe: Through to week 96

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

173 other studies available for isoniazid and AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
Facilitated Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)	0.946
Facilitated Self-Administered Therapy (SAT)	0.922
Patient Choice Between Facilitated DOT and Facilitated SAT	0.944

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
Facilitated Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)	0.947
Facilitated Self-Administered Therapy (SAT)	0.922
Patient Choice Between Facilitated DOT and Facilitated SAT	0.949

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
Facilitated Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)	0.0054
Facilitated Self-Administered Therapy (SAT)	0.013
Patient Choice Between Facilitated DOT and Facilitated SAT	0.0073

Intervention	events per 100 participants (Number)
	Cumulative incidence by 1 year post-randomization	Cumulative incidence by 2 years post-randomization	Cumulative incidence by 3 years post-randomization	Cumulative incidence by 4 years post-randomization
INH Regimen (Arm B)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	0.3	0.4	0.9	1.6

Intervention	events per 100 participants (Number)
	1 year post-entry	2 years post-entry	3 years post-entry	4 years post-entry
INH Regimen (Arm B)	0.63	1.15	1.62	2.29
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	0.35	0.49	1.05	2.00

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Rifampin72268104		Rifampin72268105	Isoniazid72268104	Isoniazid72268105	Ethambutol72268104	Ethambutol72268105	Pyrazinamide72268104	Pyrazinamide72268105
	Developed Resistance	Did not Develop Resistance
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	1
INH Regimen (Arm B)	1
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	14
INH Regimen (Arm B)	11
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	2
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	12
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	0
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	7
INH Regimen (Arm B)	7
INH Regimen (Arm B)	0
RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A)	6
INH Regimen (Arm B)	6

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	At 3 months72558043						At 6 months72558043
	Excellent	Very good	Good	Fair	Poor	Very poor
INH and Vitamin B6	160
INH and Vitamin B6	79
INH and Vitamin B6	38
INH and Vitamin B6	2
INH and Vitamin B6	124
INH and Vitamin B6	90
INH and Vitamin B6	41
INH and Vitamin B6	4
INH and Vitamin B6	0
INH and Vitamin B6	1

Intervention	cells/ mm^3 (Median)
	Week 0	Week 4	Week 24	Week 48
Arm A: Empiric	18	74	121	176
Arm B: IPT	19	76	121	172

Intervention	Percent of participants (Number)
	New >=grade 3 sign/symptom	New >= grade 3 peripheral neuropathy	New >=grade 3 lab abnormality	New >=grade 3 hemoglobin	New >=grade 3 ANC	New >=grade 3 platelets	New >=grade 3 SGOT	New >=grade 3 SGPT
HIVneg/INH	5.0	1.1	4.9	0.0	1.7	0.3	1.0	2.8
HIVneg/PL	4.2	0.3	4.6	0.0	0.3	0.0	2.8	4.4
HIVpos/INH	16.8	2.4	11.3	1.8	1.6	1.7	0.4	5.9
HIVpos/PL	11.7	0.8	10.1	1.2	3.5	0.9	2.5	4.0

Article	Year
Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid-induced pellagra. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 2021, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Pel	2021
Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-infected children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 08-29, Volume: 8 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Child; HIV Infections	2017
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis: update on prevention and treatment. Clinics in chest medicine, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Interacti	2013
Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and drug susceptibility testing. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 2013, Volume: 137, Issue:6 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection;	2013
Treatment guidelines for latent tuberculosis infection. Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis], 2014, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunosuppress	2014
TB screening among people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015, Apr-15, Volume: 68 Suppl 3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Health Resources	2015
The diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV-associated tuberculosis. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2014, Volume: 104, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Disease Progre	2014
Risk Factors for Acquired Rifamycin and Isoniazid Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Is	2015
Impact of tuberculosis preventive therapy on tuberculosis and mortality in HIV-infected children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Jan-21, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Child; HIV Infections	2009
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Jan-20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2010
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Jan-20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2010
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Jan-20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2010
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Jan-20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2010
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: An update. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2010, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antitubercular Agent	2010
The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic--when will we act? Lancet (London, England), 2010, May-29, Volume: 375, Issue:9729 Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Retro	2010
Treatment of tuberculosis and optimal dosing schedules. Thorax, 2011, Volume: 66, Issue:11 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Child; Disease Models, Animal	2011
HIV: primary and secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. BMJ clinical evidence, 2010, Jun-28, Volume: 2010 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Fluconazole; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Opportunistic	2010
Epidemiology of tuberculosis and HIV: recent advances in understanding and responses. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2011, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antitubercular A	2011
Isoniazid preventive therapy in correctional facilities: a systematic review. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans;	2012
New vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antitubercular Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte	2012
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV: shorter or longer? Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2012, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Administration S	2012
[Tuberculosis]. La Revue du praticien, 2002, Oct-15, Volume: 52, Issue:16 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antitubercular Agents; BCG Vacci	2002
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2004
Review editorial: prevention of tuberculosis in resource-poor countries with increasing access to highly active antiretroviral treatment. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2005, Volume: 10, Issue:12 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly A	2005
Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Adamantane; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Ag	2007
Preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV infection: the promise and the reality. AIDS (London, England), 1995, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	1995
Preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: international recommendations, research, and practice. Lancet (London, England), 1995, Apr-01, Volume: 345, Issue:8953 Topics: AIDS Serodiagnosis; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Administratio	1995
Isoniazid prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Tuberculosis	1994
Preventive therapy for tuberculosis. The Medical clinics of North America, 1993, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Isoniazid; Risk Factors; Treat	1993
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and its control. Research in microbiology, 1993, Volume: 144, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug	1993
Extrapulmonary and disseminated infections due to Mycobacterium malmoense: case report and review. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1993, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Clofazim	1993
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[The epidemiology of tuberculosis and of the resistance to antitubercular agents]. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 1997, Volume: 14 Suppl 5 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Developed Countries; Developing Countr	1997
[Antitubercular chemotherapy]. Revue des maladies respiratoires, 1997, Volume: 14 Suppl 5 Topics: Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Child; Clinical Protocols; Drug	1997
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Tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected persons in less developed countries. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2000, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Suppl 1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Communicable Disease Control; Cost-Ben	2000
Drugs for preventing tuberculosis in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2000
A current approach to the management of tuberculosis infection. Current clinical topics in infectious diseases, 2000, Volume: 20 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; BCG Vaccine; Ethambutol; Forecasting;	2000
Drugs for preventing tuberculosis in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniaz	2000
Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Indian journal of pediatrics, 2000, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Suppl Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; BCG Vaccine; Child; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Risk F	2000
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Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in African countries. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2001, Volume: 65, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Africa; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Antitubercular Agents;	2001
Failure of therapy for tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1992, Volume: 304, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combi	1992