Page last updated: 2024-10-29

isoflurane and Memory Disorders

isoflurane has been researched along with Memory Disorders in 48 studies

Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Memory Disorders: Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Objective We compared the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on systemic inflammation, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and memory impairment in a rat sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial peritonitis."7.88Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. ( Bagriacik, EU; Bedirli, A; Bedirli, N; Cavunt Bayraktar, A; Kavutçu, M; Ozkose, Z; Yilmaz, G, 2018)
" We aimed to investigate whether apigenin can attenuate isoflurane exposure-induced cognitive decline by regulating histone acetylation and inflammatory signaling."7.85Apigenin attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via epigenetic regulation and neuroinflammation in aged rats. ( Chen, L; Jiang, C; Liu, N; Xie, W; Zhuang, W, 2017)
"Melatonin has been considered as an effective remedy for circadian rhythm shift."5.48Circadian rhythm resynchronization improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. ( Chu, S; Cui, Y; Gu, X; Li, X; Ma, Z; Qian, Y; Shao, X; Song, J; Xia, T; Xu, F, 2018)
" To test these hypotheses, 6- to 8-week old male mice were subjected to right carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia."4.02Toll-like receptor 2 activation and up-regulation by high mobility group box-1 contribute to post-operative neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice. ( Lin, F; Pan, L; Shan, W; Zheng, Y; Zuo, Z, 2021)
"Objective We compared the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on systemic inflammation, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and memory impairment in a rat sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial peritonitis."3.88Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. ( Bagriacik, EU; Bedirli, A; Bedirli, N; Cavunt Bayraktar, A; Kavutçu, M; Ozkose, Z; Yilmaz, G, 2018)
" We aimed to investigate whether apigenin can attenuate isoflurane exposure-induced cognitive decline by regulating histone acetylation and inflammatory signaling."3.85Apigenin attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via epigenetic regulation and neuroinflammation in aged rats. ( Chen, L; Jiang, C; Liu, N; Xie, W; Zhuang, W, 2017)
"Sleep disorders, including sleep fragmentation, are reported to aggravate memory impairment in neurocognitive-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD)."1.91A modified mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorders exacerbated by sleep fragmentation. ( Cong, P; Huang, X; Li, M; Tian, L; Wu, H; Wu, T; Xiong, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q, 2023)
"Adolescent alcohol abuse can lead to behavioral dysfunction and chronic, relapsing alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood."1.56General Anesthetic Exposure During Early Adolescence Persistently Alters Ethanol Responses. ( Gore-Langton, JK; Landin, JD; Spear, LP; Varlinskaya, EI; Werner, DF, 2020)
"Thus, we hypothesised that intestinal dysbacteriosis caused by anaesthesia/surgery induces POCD."1.51Intestinal dysbacteriosis mediates the reference memory deficit induced by anaesthesia/surgery in aged mice. ( Chen, XM; Gu, XY; Jiang, XL; Qin, Y; Shen, L; Su, DS; Yang, YT; Yu, WF; Zhang, X; Zhou, XX, 2019)
"Melatonin has been considered as an effective remedy for circadian rhythm shift."1.48Circadian rhythm resynchronization improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. ( Chu, S; Cui, Y; Gu, X; Li, X; Ma, Z; Qian, Y; Shao, X; Song, J; Xia, T; Xu, F, 2018)
"Donepezil pretreatment prevented working memory impairment and the decrease of the protein levels of ChAT induced by anesthesia/surgery."1.48Central cholinergic system mediates working memory deficit induced by anesthesia/surgery in adult mice. ( Chen, X; Gu, X; Huang, L; Jiang, X; Su, D; Tian, J; Tian, W; Yu, W; Zhang, X, 2018)
"Treating isoflurane-exposed rats with ciproxifan significantly improved the memory performance, as evidenced by an increased discrimination ratio in objects recognition and prolonged retention time in passive avoidance test."1.46Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist Prevents Memory Deficits and Synaptic Plasticity Disruption Following Isoflurane Exposure. ( Liu, M; Liu, ZG; Luo, T; Qin, J; Wang, Y, 2017)
"Mice treated with isoflurane for 4 h showed significantly decreased spontaneous alternations and decreased exploration parameters compared with the no anesthesia group, but this was not observed in mice treated with isoflurane for 1 or 2 h."1.46Prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia impairs spatial recognition memory through the activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice. ( Chen, Y; Jiang, S; Miao, B, 2017)
"At this time cytokines associated with memory deficits and brain injury processes were significantly elevated in serum and brain."1.43Isoflurane in the presence or absence of surgery increases hippocampal cytokines associated with memory deficits and responses to brain injury in rats. ( Callaway, JK; Jenkins, TA; Royse, AG; Royse, CF; Wood, C, 2016)
"Sevoflurane-treated animals had a deficit in early long-term memory, and isoflurane-treated animals had a deficit in both short-term and early long-term memory."1.39Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats. ( Alvi, RS; Barbour, KC; Ben-Tzur, D; Chang, FL; Di Geronimo, RT; Elphick, SA; Huang, P; Kang, H; Kong, CL; McCreery, MS; Park, A; Quitoriano, GR; Ramage, TM; Rau, V; Rossi, MJ; Sall, JW; Shih, J; Stratmann, G; Tantoco, NK; Uy, J; Zhao, C, 2013)
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone with neuroprotective effects."1.39Melatonin attenuates isoflurane-induced acute memory impairments in aged rats. ( Chui, D; Guo, X; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Ni, C; Qian, M; Tang, Y; Tian, X; Zhou, Y, 2013)
"The isoflurane-exposed rats were further divided into a learning/memory-impaired subgroup and a non-learning/memory-impaired subgroup according to their behavioral performance, which was measured using Morris water maze."1.39Hippocampal glutamate level and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) are up-regulated in senior rat associated with isoflurane-induced spatial learning/memory impairment. ( Ji, C; Jia, X; Liu, W; Qu, X; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Wu, A; Xie, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Xu, Z; Yue, Y, 2013)
"The isoflurane anaesthesia treatment increased the escape latency contrast to propofol anaesthesia group."1.38Changes of learning and memory in aged rats after isoflurane inhalational anaesthesia correlated with hippocampal acetylcholine level. ( Feng, C; Jia, X; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Wu, A; Xu, Z; Yue, Y, 2012)
"Gabra5-/- mice showed no short-term memory deficits 24 hours after isoflurane (effect of isoflurane F(1,47) = 0."1.38Inhibition of α5 γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors restores recognition memory after general anesthesia. ( Bridgwater, EM; Orser, BA; Zurek, AA, 2012)
"Xenon pretreatment prevented the memory deficit typically seen on day 1 (P = 0."1.37Xenon pretreatment may prevent early memory decline after isoflurane anesthesia and surgery in mice. ( Lloyd, DG; Ma, D; Maze, M; Palazzo, MG; Vizcaychipi, MP; Wan, Y, 2011)
"However, postanesthesia memory deficits represent an undesirable and poorly understood adverse effect."1.36Short-term memory impairment after isoflurane in mice is prevented by the α5 γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor inverse agonist L-655,708. ( Kanisek, M; Maclean, AJ; Martin, LJ; Orser, BA; Roder, JC; Saab, BJ; Zurek, AA, 2010)
"Isoflurane was administered to P7 rats at 1 minimum alveolar concentration for 0, 1, 2, or 4 h."1.35Effect of hypercarbia and isoflurane on brain cell death and neurocognitive dysfunction in 7-day-old rats. ( Alvi, RS; Bell, JS; Dai, R; Firouzian, A; Guggenheim, J; Hilton, JF; Ku, B; Lee, MT; May, LD; Ormerod, BK; Rau, V; Sall, JW; Stratmann, G; Visrodia, KH; Zusmer, EJ, 2009)

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's6 (12.50)29.6817
2010's36 (75.00)24.3611
2020's6 (12.50)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Mineshima, H1
Kimoto, H1
Hitomi, M1
Akizawa, F1
Terayama, Y1
Yoshikawa, T1
Wu, T1
Li, M1
Tian, L1
Cong, P1
Huang, X1
Wu, H1
Zhang, Q1
Zhang, H1
Xiong, L1
Chinn, GA1
Sasaki Russell, JM1
Banh, ET1
Lee, SC1
Sall, JW4
Landin, JD1
Gore-Langton, JK1
Varlinskaya, EI1
Spear, LP1
Werner, DF1
Yang, W2
Chini, M1
Pöpplau, JA1
Formozov, A1
Dieter, A1
Piechocinski, P1
Rais, C1
Morellini, F1
Sporns, O1
Hanganu-Opatz, IL1
Wiegert, JS1
Lin, F1
Shan, W1
Zheng, Y1
Pan, L1
Zuo, Z3
Liu, F1
Qiu, F1
Chen, H1
Chen, L1
Xie, W2
Zhuang, W1
Jiang, C1
Liu, N1
Cai, Y2
Peng, Z1
Guo, H1
Wang, F1
Zeng, Y1
Song, J1
Chu, S1
Cui, Y1
Qian, Y1
Li, X1
Xu, F1
Shao, X1
Ma, Z1
Xia, T1
Gu, X2
Bedirli, N1
Bagriacik, EU1
Yilmaz, G1
Ozkose, Z1
Kavutçu, M1
Cavunt Bayraktar, A1
Bedirli, A1
Zhang, X2
Jiang, X1
Huang, L1
Tian, W1
Chen, X2
Yu, W1
Tian, J1
Su, D2
Hong-Qiang, H1
Mang-Qiao, S1
Fen, X1
Shan-Shan, L1
Hui-Juan, C1
Wu-Gang, H1
Wen-Jun, Y1
Zheng-Wu, P1
Schaefer, ML1
Wang, M1
Perez, PJ1
Coca Peralta, W1
Xu, J2
Johns, RA1
Jiang, XL1
Gu, XY1
Zhou, XX1
Chen, XM1
Yang, YT1
Qin, Y1
Shen, L1
Yu, WF1
Su, DS1
Ramage, TM1
Chang, FL1
Shih, J1
Alvi, RS3
Quitoriano, GR1
Rau, V3
Barbour, KC1
Elphick, SA1
Kong, CL1
Tantoco, NK1
Ben-Tzur, D1
Kang, H1
McCreery, MS1
Huang, P1
Park, A1
Uy, J1
Rossi, MJ1
Zhao, C1
Di Geronimo, RT1
Stratmann, G3
Liu, Y1
Ni, C1
Tang, Y1
Tian, X1
Zhou, Y1
Qian, M1
Li, Z1
Chui, D1
Guo, X1
Tan, H2
Cao, J1
Zhang, J3
Yang, B1
Liang, G1
Khojasteh, S1
Wu, Z1
Joseph, D1
Wei, H1
Zurek, AA3
Yu, J1
Wang, DS1
Haffey, SC1
Bridgwater, EM2
Penna, A1
Lecker, I1
Lei, G1
Chang, T1
Salter, EW1
Orser, BA3
Callaway, JK2
Jones, NC1
Royse, AG2
Royse, CF2
Li, G1
Xue, Q1
Luo, Y1
Hu, X1
Yu, B1
Jiang, W1
Luo, T2
Yin, S1
Shi, R1
Xu, C2
Wang, Y4
Cai, J1
Yue, Y3
Wu, A3
Wang, W1
Zhao, Y2
Li, S1
Tan, L1
Gao, J2
Fang, X1
Luo, A1
Yi, X1
Li, W2
Wu, J1
Bie, B1
Naguib, M1
Wood, C1
Jenkins, TA1
Chai, D1
Jiang, H2
Li, Q2
Wang, L1
Wang, A1
Supplee, WW1
Koffler, K1
Cheng, Y1
Quezado, ZMN1
Levy, RJ1
Qin, J1
Liu, ZG1
Liu, M1
Jiang, S1
Miao, B1
Chen, Y1
May, LD2
Bell, JS2
Ormerod, BK1
Hilton, JF1
Dai, R2
Lee, MT2
Visrodia, KH2
Ku, B2
Zusmer, EJ1
Guggenheim, J1
Firouzian, A1
Magnusson, KR1
Zhu, C1
Karlsson, N1
Zhang, Y1
Huang, Z1
Li, H1
Kuhn, HG1
Blomgren, K1
Tan, W1
Cao, X1
Wang, J1
Lv, H1
Wu, B1
Ma, H1
Saab, BJ1
Maclean, AJ1
Kanisek, M1
Martin, LJ1
Roder, JC1
Vizcaychipi, MP1
Lloyd, DG1
Wan, Y2
Palazzo, MG1
Maze, M1
Ma, D2
Huang, Y1
Xu, H2
Sun, Y1
Han, N1
Li, QF1
Wang, B1
Chen, J1
Wang, X1
Wang, H2
Xu, Z2
Feng, C1
Jia, X2
Fidalgo, AR1
Cibelli, M1
White, JP1
Nagy, I1
Qu, X1
Liu, W1
Xie, Z1
Ji, C1
Jevtovic-Todorovic, V1
Hartman, RE1
Izumi, Y1
Benshoff, ND1
Dikranian, K1
Zorumski, CF1
Olney, JW1
Wozniak, DF1
Culley, DJ2
Baxter, MG2
Yukhananov, R1
Crosby, G2
Nishikawa, K1
Murphy, KL1

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The EPigenetic Consequences in Children of Intravenous vs Volatile Anaesthesia for Surgery (EPIVA) - A Randomised, Feasibility Trial[NCT05936853]16 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-31Not yet recruiting
Anesthesia Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Infants and Children: Pediatric Anesthesia & NeuroDevelopment (PANDA) Study[NCT00881764]369 participants (Actual)Observational2009-05-31Completed
Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery on Peri-operative Outcomes and Neurocognitive Development in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02559102]Phase 3104 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Nitrous Oxide Analgesia in External Cephalic Version (ECV)[NCT03502915]Phase 348 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-30Completed
Appendectomy During Pregnancy in General Anesthesia With Perioperative Management Does Not Influence Normal Child Development: 10-year Study[NCT05759351]30 participants (Actual)Observational2006-01-01Completed
A Comparison of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Findings in Children With and Without a History of Early Exposure to General Anesthetics[NCT01229514]30 participants (Actual)Observational2008-10-31Completed
Impact of Dexmedetomidine on the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Patients After Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blinded, and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02267538]Phase 4285 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Mean Anxiety Score Experienced During Version

Anxiety scores will be collected following each version attempt using an 11 point scale (0 being not at all anxious; 10 being extremely anxious), ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more anxiety, lower scores indicate less anxiety. If more than one attempt, anxiety scores will be averaged to obtain a single score for the entire procedure. (NCT03502915)
Timeframe: During each version procedure, a total average of up to approximately 30 minutes

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Nitrous Oxide4.696
Oxygen4.253

Mean Pain Score Experienced During Version

Pain scores will be collected following each version attempt using an 11 point scale (with 0 being no pain at all; 10 being worst pain imaginable), ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more pain, lower scores indicate less pain. If more than one attempt, pain scores will be averaged to obtain a single score for the entire procedure. (NCT03502915)
Timeframe: During each version procedure, a total average of up to approximately 30 minutes

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Nitrous Oxide5.486
Oxygen5.433

Mean Post-procedure Pain Score

Pain scores will be collected following completion of the version using an 11 point scale (0 being no pain at all; 10 being worst pain imaginable), ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more pain, lower scores indicate less pain. (NCT03502915)
Timeframe: Immediately Post-procedure, within approximately 15 minutes of final version attempt

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Nitrous Oxide1
Oxygen0.88

Mean Post-procedure Patient Satisfaction Score

Satisfaction will be assessed following the procedure using an 11 point scale (0 being not at all satisfied; 10 being extremely satisfied), ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more satisfaction, lower scores indicate less satisfaction. (NCT03502915)
Timeframe: Immediately Post-procedure, within approximately 15 minutes of final version attempt

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Nitrous Oxide4.286
Oxygen6.920

Mean Post-procedure Provider Assessed Level of Difficulty Score

Following the procedure, the obstetric provider performing the procedure will rate the ease of procedure on a 1-10 scale (1 being very easy and 10 being extremely difficult), ranging from 1 to 10. Higher scores indicate more difficulty, lower scores indicate less difficulty. A 10 point scale was used for this outcome, while an 11 point scale was used for the other 4 outcome measures (pain, anxiety, post-procedure pain and satisfaction). (NCT03502915)
Timeframe: Immediately Post-procedure, within approximately 15 minutes of final version attempt

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Nitrous Oxide6.136
Oxygen6.080

Incidence of Postoperative Delirium

Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) twice daily during the first five days after surgery. (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DEX Group7
CTRL Group11

Length of Stay in Hospital After Surgery

Results was presented as median (95% confidence interval). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: From end of surgery until discharge from hospital or 30 days after surgery

Interventiondays (Median)
DEX Group9
CTRL Group9

Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit

Results was presented as median (95% confidence interval). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: From end of surgery until discharge from Intensive Care Unit or 30 days after surgery

Interventionhours (Median)
DEX Group45.0
CTRL Group46.0

Cognitive Function

"Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (the day before surgery) and on the sixth day after surgery, and with modified telephone interview for cognitive status (m-TICS) on the 30th day after surgery.~The introduction of MMSE scale has been explained in the baseline part in the result section.~The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified scale(m-TICS) is one of the most popular telephone interview-based screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. It consists 11 items including wordlist memory, orientation, attention, repetition, conceptual knowledge and nonverbal praxis, which score ranges from 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function" (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: on the sixth day after surgery, and on the 30th day after surgery

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
MMSE score on postoperative day 6m-TICS score on postoperative day 30
CTRL Group2934
DEX Group2934

Incidence of Non-delirium Complications After Surgery

Non-delirium complications was defined as any conditions other than delirium that occurred during the first 30 days after surgery and required therapeutic intervention.Complications listed here were not considered adverse events in this study. (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: Occurrence of non-delirium complications will be monitored until 30 days after surgery.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
StrokeNew onset arrythmiaPulmonary complicationsUpper gastrointestinal bleedingSurgical bleedingWound dehiscence or infectionAcute kidney injuryIABP assistance
CTRL Group351274374412
DEX Group342152311376

Pain Intensity

Pain intensity was assessed daily at 8 am during the first five days after surgery with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 = no pain, 10 = the worst possible pain). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Pain score after surgery(d1), at restPain score after surgery(d2), at restPain score after surgery(d3), at restPain score after surgery(d4), at restPain score after surgery(d5), at restPain score after surgery(d1), with coughingPain score after surgery(d2), with coughingPain score after surgery(d3), with coughingPain score after surgery(d4), with coughingPain score after surgery(d5), with coughing
CTRL Group3322144432
DEX Group3432245432

Subjective Sleep Quality

Subjective sleep quality was assessed daily at 8 am during the first five days after surgery with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 = best sleep, 10 = the worst possible sleep). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d1), scoreSubjective sleep quality after surgery(d2), scoreSubjective sleep quality after surgery(d3), scoreSubjective sleep quality after surgery(d4), scoreSubjective sleep quality after surgery(d5), score
CTRL Group23222
DEX Group23222

Reviews

1 review available for isoflurane and Memory Disorders

ArticleYear
[Volatile anesthetics and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:8

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Hippocampus; Humans; Isoflurane; Long-Term Potentiation; Memory; M

2004

Other Studies

47 other studies available for isoflurane and Memory Disorders

ArticleYear
Comparative study on detectability of learning and memory disorder between two water maze tests commonly used in juvenile rat toxicity studies using isoflurane inhaled rat model.
    Congenital anomalies, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Female; Isoflurane; Learning Disabilities; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Ra

2022
A modified mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorders exacerbated by sleep fragmentation.
    Experimental animals, 2023, Feb-21, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Isoflurane; Memory Disorders; Mice; Neurocognitive Disorders

2023
Voluntary Exercise Rescues the Spatial Memory Deficit Associated With Early Life Isoflurane Exposure in Male Rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2019, Volume: 129, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male;

2019
General Anesthetic Exposure During Early Adolescence Persistently Alters Ethanol Responses.
    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2020, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anesthetics, General; Animals; Ethanol; Humans; Isoflurane

2020
Anesthetics fragment hippocampal network activity, alter spine dynamics, and affect memory consolidation.
    PLoS biology, 2021, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Female; Fentanyl; Hippocampus; Iso

2021
Toll-like receptor 2 activation and up-regulation by high mobility group box-1 contribute to post-operative neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 2021, Volume: 158, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzocycloheptenes; Cognition Disord

2021
miR-124-3p Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment via Targeting STAT3 and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation.
    Neuroimmunomodulation, 2021, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Memory Disorders; MicroRNAs; Rats

2021
Apigenin attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via epigenetic regulation and neuroinflammation in aged rats.
    Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2017, Volume: 73

    Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Apigenin; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Epigenesis, G

2017
TREK-1 pathway mediates isoflurane-induced memory impairment in middle-aged mice.
    Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2017, Volume: 145

    Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mice, Inbred C57BL;

2017
Circadian rhythm resynchronization improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.
    Experimental neurology, 2018, Volume: 306

    Topics: Aging; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; CLOCK Proteins; Cogniti

2018
Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis.
    The Journal of international medical research, 2018, Volume: 46, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Brai

2018
Central cholinergic system mediates working memory deficit induced by anesthesia/surgery in adult mice.
    Brain and behavior, 2018, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Age

2018
Sirt1 mediates improvement of isoflurane-induced memory impairment following hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning in middle-aged mice.
    Physiology & behavior, 2018, 10-15, Volume: 195

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Heme Oxygenase-

2018
Nitric Oxide Donor Prevents Neonatal Isoflurane-induced Impairments in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory.
    Anesthesiology, 2019, Volume: 130, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Isoflurane; Male

2019
Intestinal dysbacteriosis mediates the reference memory deficit induced by anaesthesia/surgery in aged mice.
    Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019, Volume: 80

    Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Dysbiosis; Gastrointes

2019
Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 110 Suppl 1

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Conditioning, Classical; Drug Administration Sch

2013
Melatonin attenuates isoflurane-induced acute memory impairments in aged rats.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2013, Volume: 113, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cognition Disorders; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male; Maze Learning; Melatonin; Memory; Memor

2013
Critical role of inflammatory cytokines in impairing biochemical processes for learning and memory after surgery in rats.
    Journal of neuroinflammation, 2014, May-22, Volume: 11

    Topics: Animals; Carotid Arteries; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampu

2014
Comparison of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in neonatal mice exposed to propofol or isoflurane.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Brain Damage, Chronic

2014
Sustained increase in α5GABAA receptor function impairs memory after anesthesia.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014, Volume: 124, Issue:12

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal;

2014
Memory impairment in rats after desflurane anesthesia is age and dose dependent.
    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2015, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Desflurane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

2015
S6 inhibition contributes to isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain.
    Toxicology letters, 2015, Mar-04, Volume: 233, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Learning Disabilities;

2015
The choice of general anesthetics may not affect neuroinflammation and impairment of learning and memory after surgery in elderly rats.
    Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Buprenorphine; Cal

2015
miRNA expression profile and involvement of Let-7d-APP in aged rats with isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.
    PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression

2015
Glycyrrhizin attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in neonatal rats via its anti-inflammatory activity.
    Neuroscience, 2016, Mar-01, Volume: 316

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Cognition Disorders; Di

2016
Isoflurane Damages the Developing Brain of Mice and Induces Subsequent Learning and Memory Deficits through FASL-FAS Signaling.
    BioMed research international, 2015, Volume: 2015

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Caspase 3; Fas Ligand Protein; fas Receptor; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; I

2015
Epigenetic Manipulation of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Improves Memory Deficiency Induced by Neonatal Anesthesia in Rats.
    Anesthesiology, 2016, Volume: 124, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic

2016
Isoflurane in the presence or absence of surgery increases hippocampal cytokines associated with memory deficits and responses to brain injury in rats.
    Behavioural brain research, 2016, Apr-15, Volume: 303

    Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Cytokines; Fear; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Laparotomy; Male; Memory

2016
Isoflurane neurotoxicity involves activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α via intracellular calcium in neonatal rodents.
    Brain research, 2016, 12-15, Volume: 1653

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Cells, Cu

2016
Carbon monoxide incompletely prevents isoflurane-induced defects in murine neurodevelopment.
    Neurotoxicology and teratology, 2017, Volume: 61

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Brain; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Isofluran

2017
Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist Prevents Memory Deficits and Synaptic Plasticity Disruption Following Isoflurane Exposure.
    CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Histamine

2017
Prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia impairs spatial recognition memory through the activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice.
    Neuroreport, 2017, May-03, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blotting, Western; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male; Maze Learning; M

2017
Effect of hypercarbia and isoflurane on brain cell death and neurocognitive dysfunction in 7-day-old rats.
    Anesthesiology, 2009, Volume: 110, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Differentiation; Cell Pro

2009
Isoflurane differentially affects neurogenesis and long-term neurocognitive function in 60-day-old and 7-day-old rats.
    Anesthesiology, 2009, Volume: 110, Issue:4

    Topics: Age Factors; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation;

2009
Isoflurane anesthesia induced persistent, progressive memory impairment, caused a loss of neural stem cells, and reduced neurogenesis in young, but not adult, rodents.
    Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Child

2010
Tau hyperphosphorylation is associated with memory impairment after exposure to 1.5% isoflurane without temperature maintenance in rats.
    European journal of anaesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Cognition; Epitopes; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Male; Maze Learning;

2010
Short-term memory impairment after isoflurane in mice is prevented by the α5 γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor inverse agonist L-655,708.
    Anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 113, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Cohort Studies; Drug Inverse Agonism; Fear; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Agonists

2010
Xenon pretreatment may prevent early memory decline after isoflurane anesthesia and surgery in mice.
    PloS one, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:11

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; Interleukin-1beta; Isoflurane; Male; Me

2011
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 2012, Volume: 120, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Brain; Calcium; Cell Survival; Cells,

2012
Isoflurane-induced spatial memory impairment in mice is prevented by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil.
    PloS one, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:11

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blotting, Western; Choli

2011
Changes of learning and memory in aged rats after isoflurane inhalational anaesthesia correlated with hippocampal acetylcholine level.
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2012, Volume: 31, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Aging; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemi

2012
Inhibition of α5 γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors restores recognition memory after general anesthesia.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 114, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Drug Inverse Agonism; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Imidazoles; Isoflur

2012
Isoflurane causes neocortical but not hippocampal-dependent memory impairment in mice.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2012, Volume: 56, Issue:8

    Topics: Amnesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Buprenorphine; Conditioning, Operant; E

2012
Hippocampal glutamate level and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) are up-regulated in senior rat associated with isoflurane-induced spatial learning/memory impairment.
    Neurochemical research, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Aging; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blotting, Western; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Exc

2013
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chronic Disease; Drug Co

2003
Long-term impairment of acquisition of a spatial memory task following isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in rats.
    Anesthesiology, 2004, Volume: 100, Issue:2

    Topics: Aging; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Isoflurane; Male

2004
Different behavioral effects of neurotoxic dorsal hippocampal lesions placed under either isoflurane or propofol anesthesia.
    Hippocampus, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Denervation; Hippocamp

2008