Page last updated: 2024-10-29

isoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm

isoflurane has been researched along with Laryngeal Spasm in 22 studies

Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"RCTs investigating the rates of cough overall, cough at emergence, laryngospasm, time to eye opening, time to removal of the LMA, time to respond to command and time to state date of birth in patients with an LMA, during emergence from desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane or propofol anaesthesia."4.91Airway reactions and emergence times in general laryngeal mask airway anaesthesia: a meta-analysis. ( Coburn, M; Fritz, HG; Froeba, G; Heine, J; Puehringer, FK; Rossaint, R; Stevanovic, A; Tonner, PH, 2015)
" The confidence interval (CI) was large relative to a clinically significant difference in the incidence of overall cough and laryngospasm in patients receiving desflurane versus sevoflurane (odds ratio [OR; 95% CI] of 1."4.89The effect of sevoflurane versus desflurane on the incidence of upper respiratory morbidity in patients undergoing general anesthesia with a Laryngeal Mask Airway: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( de Oliveira, GS; Fitzgerald, PC; Girao, W; McCarthy, RJ, 2013)
"The frequencies of laryngospasm and coughing of any severity after desflurane were greater than those after isoflurane (13% vs 5% and 26% vs 14%, respectively) (P < 0."2.75Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. ( Betts, E; Deutsch, J; Ehlers, M; Hammer, GB; Khalil, SN; Lerman, J; Trillo, R; Verghese, S, 2010)
"Isoflurane was compared with sevoflurane in terms of rapidity, efficacy, safety and acceptability of induction."2.69Single vital capacity inhalational anaesthetic induction in adults--isoflurane vs sevoflurane. ( Lee, TL; Pua, HL; Ti, LK, 1998)
"The incidence of laryngospasm was significantly lower in Group H than in Group L (p < 0."2.69The effect of humidification and smoking habit on the incidence of adverse airway events during deepening of anaesthesia with desflurane. ( Grundler, S; Hall, JE; Wilkes, AR; Wright, E, 2000)
"The presence of gagging, coughing, laryngospasm and movement was noted and graded."2.67Patient response to laryngeal mask insertion after induction of anaesthesia with propofol or thiopentone. ( Carey, M; Kirby, F; Power, M; Scanlon, P, 1993)
"Desflurane has been used in paediatric patients for several surgical indications."1.46Clinical experience with desflurane for paediatric anaesthesia outside the operating room. ( Alonso, M; Builes, L; Fernández, E; Morán, P; Ortega, A; Reinoso-Barbero, F, 2017)
"Desflurane was used for maintenance of anesthesia."1.39Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane with caudal analgesia for laryngeal mask airway removal in anesthetized children. ( Ghai, B; Makkar, JK; Wig, J, 2013)
"Moderate-to-severe laryngospasm (49%) and moderate-to-severe coughing (58%) occurred frequently during induction of anesthesia with desflurane; the incidence of these was not altered by premedication."1.28Induction and maintenance characteristics of anesthesia with desflurane and nitrous oxide in infants and children. ( Coté, CJ; Davis, PJ; Dinner, M; Fisher, DM; Hannallah, RS; Liu, LM; McGill, WA; Sarner, J; Welborn, LG; Zwass, MS, 1992)

Research

Studies (22)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (4.55)18.7374
1990's8 (36.36)18.2507
2000's6 (27.27)29.6817
2010's7 (31.82)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Makkar, JK2
Ghai, B2
Wig, J2
de Oliveira, GS1
Girao, W1
Fitzgerald, PC1
McCarthy, RJ1
Stevanovic, A1
Rossaint, R1
Fritz, HG1
Froeba, G1
Heine, J1
Puehringer, FK1
Tonner, PH1
Coburn, M1
Alonso, M1
Builes, L1
Morán, P1
Ortega, A1
Fernández, E1
Reinoso-Barbero, F1
Reyes, A1
López, M1
de la Gala, F1
Canal Alonso, MI1
Agustí, S1
Zaballos, M1
Lerman, J1
Hammer, GB1
Verghese, S1
Ehlers, M1
Khalil, SN1
Betts, E1
Trillo, R1
Deutsch, J1
Bhardwaj, N1
Valley, RD1
Freid, EB1
Bailey, AG1
Kopp, VJ1
Georges, LS1
Fletcher, J1
Keifer, A1
Brix, M1
Brugie, H1
Bertschy, C1
Lassauge, F1
Aubert, D1
Grant, C1
Ludbrook, G1
Hampson, EA1
Semenov, R1
Willis, R1
Friesen, RH1
Lichtor, JL1
McAuliffe, GL1
Sanders, DJ1
Mills, PJ1
Neelakanta, G1
Miller, J1
Scanlon, P1
Carey, M1
Power, M1
Kirby, F1
Harling, DW1
Harrison, DA1
Dorman, T1
Barker, I1
Ti, LK1
Pua, HL1
Lee, TL1
Alexander, R1
Lindsay, D1
Bagshaw, ON1
Stack, CG1
Wilkes, AR1
Hall, JE1
Wright, E1
Grundler, S1
Kong, CF1
Chew, ST1
Ip-Yam, PC1
Mahmoud, NA1
Rose, DJ1
Laurence, AS1
Zwass, MS1
Fisher, DM1
Welborn, LG1
Coté, CJ1
Davis, PJ1
Dinner, M1
Hannallah, RS1
Liu, LM1
Sarner, J1
McGill, WA1

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Control Study[NCT03006250]Phase 4220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-31Recruiting
Effectiveness and Pulmonary Complications of Peri-Operative Laryngeal Mask Airway Used in Elderly Patients(POLMA-EP Trial): a Multi-center Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02240901]2,900 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-03Completed
Comparing the Efficacy Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Miantainance of Spontaneous General Anaesthesia Using Ambu Aura Gain in Paediatrics Patients[NCT04771962]Phase 1/Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-01Completed
Effect of Head Position on Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Endotracheal Intubation(MACEI)of Sevoflurane in Children With Obstructive Airway[NCT03522402]38 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-01-01Enrolling by invitation
[NCT02909413]600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-31Not yet recruiting
Which is the Better Choice for Extubation in Pediatric Patients: Proactive or Passive?[NCT04432701]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-10Enrolling by invitation
Effect of Two Plasma Concentrations of Remifentanil Through Target Controlled Anesthesia on Frequency and Intensity of Coughing During Extubation: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02711904]Phase 4110 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Effect of Single Dose of Tramadol on Extubation Response and Quality of Emergence(Cough and Nausea Vomiting) Following Supratentorial Intracranial Surgery[NCT02964416]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Completed
The Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia With Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy[NCT04712162]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-19Completed
A Comparison of Desflurane vs. Sevoflurane on Time to Awakening and the Incidence and Severity of Cough After Ambulatory Surgery Using Laryngeal Mask Airway[NCT01202162]85 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm.

If there is any episode of bronchospasm or laryngospasm, it will be noted if it occured during emergence and for 6 hours post operatively. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation till 6 hours postoperatively

InterventionNumber of Patients (Number)
Tramadol0
Placebo0

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Mointoring Requirement of Analgesia

Requirement of analgesia will be recorded at recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any need of analgesic, it will be noted and will be considered as one of the determinants of poor quality of emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: At Recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Recovery Room2h4h6h
Placebo32347
Tramadol51536

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring Convulsions

Convulsions will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively.If there is any episode of convulsion, it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Recovery Room2h4h6h
Placebo0000
Tramadol0010

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring GCS

"Post operative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any deterioration in GCS less than 8/15, Patients will be intubated.~GCS categories <8 Low GCS 9-12 Intermediate GCS 13-15 Full GCS" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

,
InterventionNumber of Patients (Number)
Recovery Room : <8Recovery Room : 9-12Recovery Room : 13-152h : <82h : 9-122h : 13-154h : <84h : 9-124h : 13-156h : <86h : 9-126h : 13-15
Placebo0041014010401040
Tramadol0138013800390039

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring PONV

Post operative nausea vomiting will be recorded at RR, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any episode of PONV it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room , 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Recovery Room2h4h6h
Placebo0311
Tramadol0300

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Diastolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Diastolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Base line1min Before Extubation1min After Extubation2 min5min10min20min30min1h2h4h6h
Placebo77.8378.6585.7882.4178.5978.3276.7376.9375.3375.8978.0074.89
Tramadol75.9277.3083.9779.1978.6877.3778.1977.1476.3975.7174.8575.26

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Heart rate will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If haemodynamic values of heart rate rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: HR from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

,
Interventionbpm (Mean)
Baseline1min Before Extubation1min After Extubation2 min5min10min20min30min1h2h4h6h
Placebo79.3791.4198.5493.5090.0086.7083.3884.1082.4681.9781.2378.20
Tramadol82.2689.3093.6189.6186.2786.2682.4481.9279.5380.0378.9479.65

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Systolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Systolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Baseline1min Before Extubation1min After Extubation2 min5min10min20min30min1h2h4h6h
Placebo132.34134.29143.70139.77133.37131.59133.15132.10129.80125.74125.81122.61
Tramadol128.55132.63141.81134.89130.05126.95127.86127.19128.11127.76127.35122.97

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Episodes of Denaturation

"If there is any episodes of denaturation (Oxygen saturation <92%), it will be noted it it is occurring during emergence.~Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
at resumption of spontaneous breathingat the time of obeying of verbal commandsat the time of cuff deflationat the time of extubation2 min after extubation
Placebo00000
Tramadol00000

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Cough on Cough Scale.

"Cough will be described on following scale 5 = No coughing or straining, 4 = Very smooth minimal coughing, 3 = Moderate coughing, 2 = Marked coughing or straining,~1 = Poor extubation~Cough will be recorded on the above mentioned scale by resident/consultant at following time intervals of emergence~At resumption of spontaneous breathing,~Ability to respond to verbal commands~At cuff deflation~At extubation~2 minutes after extubation. It will be noted if it occurs during emergence at the above mentioned time intervals. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence." (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Cough at the time of emergence

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201515At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201516Ability to respond to verbal commands72201516Ability to respond to verbal commands72201515At cuff deflation72201516At cuff deflation72201515At extubation72201516At extubation722015152 minutes after extubation722015152 minutes after extubation72201516
Poor extubationMarked coughing or strainingModerate coughingVery smooth minimal coughingNo coughing or straining
Tramadol33
Placebo36
Placebo0
Tramadol1
Placebo1
Tramadol3
Placebo2
Tramadol34
Placebo37
Placebo3
Placebo4
Placebo33
Tramadol4
Placebo6
Tramadol32
Placebo32
Tramadol2
Tramadol0
Tramadol36

Number of Participants Who Coughed

(NCT01202162)
Timeframe: Perioperative

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Desflurane4
Sevoflurane7

Quality of Recovery 40

Survey completion at 24 hours post surgery of the Quality of Recovery 40 questionnaire.This questionnaire asks 40 questions in 5 categories of recovery. The scores are combined from each group and are used as a composite score. The scores range from a low of 40 to a high of 200. A score of 40 would indicate a poor quality of recovery where as a score of 200 would be a good quality of recovery at 24 hours postoperative. (NCT01202162)
Timeframe: 1 day

Interventionscore (between 40 low-200 high) (Median)
Desflurane188
Sevoflurane182

Time to Awakening

(NCT01202162)
Timeframe: Time inhalational agent is turned off to time of patient awakening

InterventionElapsed time in minutes (Median)
Desflurane6.8
Sevoflurane11.8

Reviews

2 reviews available for isoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm

ArticleYear
The effect of sevoflurane versus desflurane on the incidence of upper respiratory morbidity in patients undergoing general anesthesia with a Laryngeal Mask Airway: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cough; Desflurane; Humans; Incidence; Isoflurane; Lary

2013
Airway reactions and emergence times in general laryngeal mask airway anaesthesia: a meta-analysis.
    European journal of anaesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cough; Desflurane; Humans;

2015

Trials

12 trials available for isoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm

ArticleYear
End-tidal desflurane concentration for tracheal extubation in adults.
    Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2017, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Extubation; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Breath Test

2017
Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; A

2010
Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; A

2010
Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; A

2010
Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; A

2010
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch

2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch

2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch

2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch

2003
Cardiovascular effects of inhalation induction with isoflurane in infants.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Isofluran

1983
Effect of humidification on inhalation induction with isoflurane in children.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1994, Volume: 73, Issue:5

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Humidity; Hypox

1994
Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized children.
    Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Intubation,

1994
Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized children.
    Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Intubation,

1994
Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized children.
    Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Intubation,

1994
Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized children.
    Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Intubation,

1994
Patient response to laryngeal mask insertion after induction of anaesthesia with propofol or thiopentone.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cough; Extremities; Female; Gagging; Head; H

1993
A comparison of thiopentone-isoflurane anaesthesia vs propofol infusion in children having repeat minor haematological procedures.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 1997, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biopsy, Nee

1997
Single vital capacity inhalational anaesthetic induction in adults--isoflurane vs sevoflurane.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Coug

1998
A comparison of halothane and isoflurane for gaseous induction of anaesthesia in infants.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blinking; Cough; Elective Surgical Procedures; Fema

1999
The effect of humidification and smoking habit on the incidence of adverse airway events during deepening of anaesthesia with desflurane.
    Anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 55, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cough; Desflurane; Female; Humans; Humidity; Isoflurane; Laryngismus

2000
Intravenous opioids reduce airway irritation during induction of anaesthesia with desflurane in adults.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cough; Desflurane; Female; F

2000

Other Studies

8 other studies available for isoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm

ArticleYear
Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane with caudal analgesia for laryngeal mask airway removal in anesthetized children.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:11

    Topics: Airway Extubation; Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Breath Holding; Child

2013
Clinical experience with desflurane for paediatric anaesthesia outside the operating room.
    Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2017, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Airway Management; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Presch

2017
Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane with fentanyl for laryngeal mask airway removal in anesthetized children.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Preschool; Cou

2012
[Specific features of anesthesia for primary surgery in children with facial and palatal clefts: retrospective study in 93 children at the Besançon University Hospital].
    Revue de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, 2006, Volume: 107, Issue:2

    Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bloo

2006
Adverse physiological events under anaesthesia and sedation: a pilot audit of electronic patient records.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clinical Audit; Colonoscopy; Cons

2008
No time to change.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child, Preschool; Cost Control; Drug Costs; Humans; Intraoperative Complica

1999
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration?
    Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen

2001
Induction and maintenance characteristics of anesthesia with desflurane and nitrous oxide in infants and children.
    Anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 76, Issue:3

    Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Desflurane; Diazepam; Halothane; H

1992