iridoids and Hemorrhage

This study aimed to elucidate the active ingredients of

Topics: Animals; Flavonoids; Hemorrhage; Hemostatics; Iridoids; Lamiaceae; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Plant Extracts; Tail

Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the devastating complications seen after receiving cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Oleuropein is the most important phenolic compound of olive leaves that mediates most of its beneficial pharmacological properties. Herein, we investigated the possible uroprotective effect of oleuropein against cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in a rat model. For this purpose, we measured bladder nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, catalase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in addition to the bladder gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after induction of hemorrhagic cystitis in the presence or absence of oleuropein. Histopathological examination of bladder tissues was also performed. After cyclophosphamide injection, we demonstrated a significant decrease in bladder reduced glutathione (39%) and catalase (55.4%) levels and a significant increase of nitric oxide (5.6 folds), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (3.3 folds), vascular endothelial growth factor (2 folds) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (8 folds) bladder contents when compared to those in normal control rats. Administration of oleuropein induced a marked elevation in bladder reduced glutathione (37.8%), catalase (100.4%) with a prominent reduction of bladder nitric oxide (40%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (35.9%) and vascular endothelial growth factor (56.2%) levels along with downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 bladder expression (73.1%) in comparison to cyclophosphamide treated rats levels. Our data demonstrated that oleuropein counteracts the harmful effects of cyclophosphamide on the bladder through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Oleuropein exerts a definite uroprotective effect against cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Urinary Bladder

The gelatin plasma substitute is often polydisperse and heterogenous, making it difficult to determine the elimination rate and half-life in the body. In this study, one method was developed based on quantitative determination of hydroxyproline derivatives. Two plasma substitutes were prepared by succinylation and genipin-crosslinking, respectively. After transfusion, the blood samples were hydrolyzed and derivatized, and then analyzed by HPLC. A two-phase exponential association equation was used for fitting the time-concentration curves. The results indicated that this method could be used for quantitative determination of gelatin in blood, and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as elimination rate and half-life.

Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Blood Volume; Cattle; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Gelatin; Half-Life; Hemorrhage; Hydrolysis; Hydroxyproline; Iridoid Glycosides; Iridoids; Male; Plasma Substitutes; Rabbits; Succinic Anhydrides