iridoids and Drug-Related-Side-Effects-and-Adverse-Reactions

The effect of a prophylactic oleuropein-rich diet before anesthesia accompanied by the widely-used steroid-based neuromuscular drug rocuronium on mast cell activation was investigated in the study.. 14 rabbits used in the study. The rabbits in the oleuropein group were given oleuropein-rich extract added to the animals' water at doses of 20 mg/kg oleuropein for 15 days orally. After 15 days, all rabbits in the two groups were given general anesthesia with rocuronium of 1 mg/kg. After 1 day, animals were sacrificed and the liver tissue sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue and tryptase for immunohistochemical study.. There was no statistically significant difference between ALT, AST and albumin averages of the oleuropein and control groups (p> 0.05). The tryptase average of the control group was higher than the tryptase average of the oleuropein group and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). The T. blue average in the oleuropein group was higher than the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.482).. Rocuronium adverse effects, like hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, may limit routine use of this substance. The use of oleuropein reduced the number of inflammatory cells and prevented degranulation.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cell Aggregation; Cell Degranulation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diet Therapy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Immunohistochemistry; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Liver; Male; Mast Cells; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Reproducibility of Results; Rocuronium; Serum Albumin

Leucosidea sericea is an important medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine in southern Africa. Leaf and stem petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM) and 50% aqueous methanol (MeOH) extracts were investigated for antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The safety of the extracts was evaluated using the Ames test. In addition, the iridoid content of L. sericea stems and leaves were quantified. For DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the stem MeOH extract (EC(50) value: 1.6 μg/ml) was more potent than ascorbic acid (EC(50) value: 1.7 μg/ml). In the β-carotene-linoleic acid model system, antioxidant activity of the leaf DCM extract (89.8%) was not significantly different to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (98.9%). All extracts showed a dose-dependent acetylcholinesterase inhibition; in terms of the IC(50) value, the leaf DCM extract (0.14 mg/ml) was the most potent sample. Total iridoid content was 35% higher in the stem extract than in the leaf extract. Based on the Ames test, L. sericea extracts were not mutagenic, either with or without S9 metabolic activation. These findings suggest the safety as well as the potential of L. sericea as a possible source of novel/alternative antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biphenyl Compounds; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Iridoids; Medicine, African Traditional; Mutagens; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Rosaceae