iothalamate-meglumine and Kidney-Diseases

The ability of the Schwartz formula (CSCH) to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) accurately was investigated in children with renal disease. 125Iodine-iothalamate clearance (CIO) was used as the reference standard for measuring GFR. Data from 176 CIO studies performed on 133 children (aged between 1 and 18 years) were compared with the simultaneous estimation of GFR by CSCH. The overestimation of GFR by CSCH was inversely proportional to the level of renal function. When CIO was > 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, CSCH overestimated GFR by only 0.1% +/- 3%, but when CIO was < or = 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, CSCH overestimated GFR by 164% +/- 42%. When renal function is normal or mildly reduced (GFR > 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2), CSCH overestimated CIO by only 10.3 +/- 3.0%, compared with 90.3 +/- 14.5% when renal function was moderately to severely curtailed (GFR < or = 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2). We conclude that CSCH is valid in predicting GFR only in children with normal renal function and mild insufficiency.

Topics: Adolescent; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infant; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Male

Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contrast Media; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Iodobenzoates; Iothalamate Meglumine; Ioxaglic Acid; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Triiodobenzoic Acids; Urography

In the present study we tested the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to minimize nephrotoxic effects of iodine contrast agents in intact rats as well as in 5/6-nephrectomized (5/6-Nx) rats.. Rats were allocated to a group of intact rats (n = 42) and a group of 5/6-Nx rats (n = 42). After 1 month of recovery from surgery, 5/6-Nx rats and intact (sham-operated) animals received either 6 ml/kg body weight (b.w.) meglumine ioxithalamate (Telebrix 350) or 6 ml/kg b.w. iohexol (Omnipaque 350) intravenously with or without pretreatment with 100 mg/kg b.w. NAC. Plasma and urinary concentrations of creatinine, sodium and protein in 24-hour urine collections were determined prior to and on days 1, 3 and 7 after drug administration.. In intact animals, contrast agents caused no significant changes in kidney function throughout the duration of the experiment. In contrast, significant increases in plasma creatinine levels and decreases in creatinine clearance were induced by both contrast agents in 5/6-Nx rats. These changes were significantly attenuated by NAC pretreatment.. The results of the present study demonstrate that iodine contrast agent-induced nephropathy in 5/6-Nx rats is significantly attenuated by intravenous pretreatment with NAC.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Contrast Media; Iodine; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Nephrectomy; Premedication; Rats

Measurement of GFR is important for the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although bolus administration of radiocontrast agents is commonly used to measure GFR, the optimal duration of sampling to assess their plasma clearance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the duration of plasma sampling influences precision and estimation of GFR.. GFR was measured by sampling plasma 12 times over 5 h in 56 patients with CKD (mean age 64 yr, 98% men, 79% Caucasian, 34% diabetics, estimated GFR 31.8 +/- 14.2 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). In a subset of 12 patients we measured GFR by sampling plasma 17 times over 10 h.. Short sampling intervals considerably overestimated GFR measured using total plasma iothalamate clearance, especially in larger patients. In the higher estimated GFR group (>30 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), the 5-h GFR was 17% higher and 2-h GFR 54% higher compared with the 10-h GFR, which averaged 40.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2). In the lower estimated GFR group (<30 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), the 5-h GFR was 36% higher and 2-h GFR 126% higher compared with the 10-h GFR, which averaged 22.2 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Short sampling duration also reduced the precision of the estimated GFR from 1.67% for 10-h GFR, to 3.48% for 5-h GFR, and to 7.07% for 2-h GFR.. GFR measured over a longer duration with multiple plasma samples spanning the distribution and elimination phases may improve precision and provide a better measure of renal function.

Topics: Aged; Chronic Disease; Contrast Media; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results

In 77 children with congenital heart disease urinary endothelin-1 (ET-1), an indicator of intrarenal endothelin release, was compared to urinary excretion of total protein, albumin, immunoglobuline G (IgG), alpha 1-microglobuline (alpha 1-MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and villin. Urine samples were collected the day before and immediately after cardiac angiography with high (Conray 70; n = 56; CON) or low osmolality contrast media (Solutrast 300; n = 21; SOL) to assess the relationship between urinary endothelin and glomerular and tubular nephrotoxicity of contrast media. The children were further subdivided according to age: less than 1 year-CON 1 (n = 20); SOL 1 (n = 12) and 1-18 years CON 2 (n = 36); SOL 2 (n = 9). Results (median): 1. There are no significant changes in total protein-, albumin- and IgG-excretion as parameters of glomerular toxicity. 2. Tubular toxicity of contrast media is shown by significant increase of alpha 1-MG-(10.0 to 23.2 mg/g Crea; p < 0.001), NAG-(5.9 to 9.6 mg/g Crea; p < 0.001) and Villin-excretion (1.0 to 2.0 STS, p < 0.001) in all children. 3. Endothelin excretion (101.0 to 163.0 ng/g Crea, p < 0.001) and concentration (42.5 to 56.0 pg/ml; p < 0.001) were elevated after angiography in all children. 4. The changes in endothelin excretion are correlated to the changes in alpha 1-MG (r = 0.65; p < 0.001) and NAG (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) in all children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Angiocardiography; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Endothelins; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Iopamidol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Osmolar Concentration; Prospective Studies

Iohexol and iothalamate were studied in 2 strengths and compared with results from a previous trial of Iopamidol and 4 ionic agents. Scoring was consistent from trial to trial. No worthwhile increase in density was achieved at high doses using nonionics and pyelographic distention was less than for ionic media. The timing of the nephrogram was the same for ionics and nonionics. There is no need to adopt a different film sequence for nonionic media. Urticarial reactions were identical for all 4 media studied in this trial. Nonionic media perform as well as other media; at lower doses they are much better than meglumine salts of ionic media.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Urography

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Structural; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Various doses of Pantopaque and Vascoray were injected percutaneously into the kidneys in 17 rabbits. Histologic examination of the kidneys at different time intervals following the injection demonstrated only slight injury to the renal parenchyma which could be related to the contrast media. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that the risk of causing renal damage by using Pantopaque in connection with renal cyst puncture is small.

Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Hematoma; Injections; Iodobenzenes; Iophendylate; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Rabbits