iothalamate-meglumine and Disease-Models--Animal

To evaluate the effects of iodine contrast media and gadoteric acid in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.. Fifty rabbits were distributed in 5 groups: 10 rabbits were assigned in the control group (group 5) and 40 rabbits were assigned in the pancreatitis group, wherein acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced through retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg weight) in the main pancreatic duct. After 3 hours, they were randomized to receive endovenous iodinized nonionic contrast medium (group 1), iodinized ionic contrast medium (group 2), gadoteric acid (group 3), and physiological serum at 0.9% (group 4). Six hours after induction of pancreatitis, these animals were reoperated. During surgery, pancreatic tissue flow through laser Doppler, hematometric values, biochemistry, and histopathology analysis by hematoxylin and eosin were done. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher-Freeman-Halton, and parametric t tests was performed.. There was statistical significance when comparing tissue flow before and after induction of pancreatitis (P < 0.0001). Ionic and nonionic contrast media and gadoteric acid did not increase the grade of pancreatic necrosis (P > 0.05).. Ionic and nonionic contrast media and gadoteric acid did not produce adverse effects in the present model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Heterocyclic Compounds; Injections, Intravenous; Iohexol; Iothalamate Meglumine; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Necrosis; Organometallic Compounds; Osmolar Concentration; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow; Taurocholic Acid; Time Factors

This study describes the development of an experimental model of reversible acute renal failure following infusion of contrast media radiographic dye. Experiments were also performed to investigate possible methods of prevention as well as examine single nephron mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the renal failure. Acute renal failure was consistently produced by indomethacin treatment (18 mg/kg) and an intravenous infusion of contrast media (7 ml/kg) into New Zealand rabbits that had been on a low sodium diet for one week. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured by daily creatinine clearance in unanesthetized animals, was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) 24, 48, and 72 hours following infusion of the contrast dye. Two weeks after induction of acute renal failure, GFR had returned to control. GFR was unchanged during the same time period when the sodium deprived rabbits were given either indomethacin or contrast media alone. Chronic administration of DOCA (1 mg/kg s.c.) and saline drinking water which increased sodium and solute excretions and decreased plasma renin activity also prevented the decrease in GFR. However, acute infusion of either saline or mannitol, which transiently increased sodium and solute excretions and decreased plasma renin activity, did not protect against the development of acute renal failure. Light microscopy revealed no glomerular or tubular changes and no visible obstruction. Micropuncture experiments were performed on three additional groups of anesthetized rabbits: control, acute renal failure, and recovery. Recovery rabbits were allowed a two week period after renal failure before they were micropunctured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Desoxycorticosterone; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Indomethacin; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Rabbits; Renin; Sodium

Myelography in monkeys was performed with either meglumine iocarmate or metrizamide. The severity of resultant arachnoiditis in each animal 12 weeks later was evaluated by repeat myelography and by histologic study of the arachnoid. Three of the four animals examined with meglumine iocarmate had severe arachnoiditis; none of the four animals examined with metrizamide had as severe changes. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than .05).

Topics: Animals; Arachnoiditis; Disease Models, Animal; Haplorhini; Iothalamate Meglumine; Macaca; Metrizamide; Myelography

Myelography with meglumine iocarmate, a dilute meglumine iocarmate solution, or gas was performed in macaque monkeys. Twelve weeks later the animals were examined myelographically and histologically for evidence of arachnoiditis. Arachnoiditis in the animals treated with dilute meglumine iocarmate and gas was significantly less than in those treated with meglumine iocarmate.

Topics: Air; Animals; Arachnoiditis; Disease Models, Animal; Haplorhini; Iothalamate Meglumine; Macaca; Myelography

Myelography was performed on 80 monkeys to study postmyelographic arachnoiditis. Metrizamide myelography caused arachnoiditis when high concentrations were used, but not with the usual clinical concentrations. Arachnoiditis resulted after myelography with meglumine iocarmate; however, the risk of arachnoiditis was reduced by diluting the contrast medium. Prophylactic intrathecal methylprednisolone was not effective in preventing arachnoiditis. Blood in the cerebrospinal fluid did not affect the degree of arachnoiditis.

Topics: Animals; Arachnoiditis; Disease Models, Animal; Haplorhini; Iothalamate Meglumine; Methylprednisolone; Metrizamide; Myelography; Spinal Diseases

After myelography with either metrizamide (300mg l/ml) or meglumine iocarmate (280 mg l/ml), mild to severe arachnoid fibrosis was demonstrated radiographically and histologically in primates. Intrathecal injections of metrizamide (170 mg l/ml) or autologous cerebrospinal fluid produced less arachnoiditis. The risk of arachnoiditis is probably minimized by the use of reduced volumes and concentrations of water-soluble media. Controlled studies of arachnoiditis following myelography are probably more reliable in the primate model than in other experimental animals.

Topics: Animals; Arachnoiditis; Disease Models, Animal; Haplorhini; Iodobenzoates; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Macaca; Metrizamide; Myelography; Solubility; Water