iothalamate-meglumine and Acute-Kidney-Injury

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sesame oil on acute kidney injury induced by the synergistic action of aminoglycoside and iodinated contrast in rats. Acute kidney injury was induced by a 5-day course of daily gentamicin injections (100 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously) and then iodinated contrast (4 ml/kg, intravenously) in male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. Sesame oil (0.5 ml/kg, orally) was given 1 h before iodinated contrast. Renal function and oxidative stress were assessed 6 h after iodinated contrast injection. Renal function was evaluated by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Renal oxidative stress was assessed by determining renal lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitrite/nitrate, and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels. Sesame oil significantly prevented the rise of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Furthermore, there was a parallel inhibition of the rise in levels of expression of renal lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, nitrite/nitrate, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in rats with gentamicin-plus-iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury. We conclude that sesame oil may attenuate aminoglycoside-plus-iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting renal oxidative stress in rats.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Contrast Media; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Male; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sesame Oil

Recent studies indicate that endothelin (ET), a potent endogenous systemic and renal vasoconstrictor peptide, may mediate decreases in GFR in models of acute renal dysfunction. Moreover, in an animal model of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN), it was recently demonstrated that early renal hemodynamic responses to radiocontrast are attenuated by intra-arterial atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which prevents subsequent RCIN. The studies presented here were therefore designed to determine whether i.v. infusion of radiocontrast produces increases in endogenous plasma and urinary ET and whether these responses are modulated by intra-arterial ANF in an animal model of RCIN. In these studies, dogs with pacing-induced heart failure received i.v. radiocontrast in the presence and absence of an intra-aortic infusion of ANF. Significant increases in both plasma and urinary ET were observed during and after radiocontrast. Although coadministration of ANF did not prevent increases in plasma and urinary ET, ANF preserved renal function acutely in this model of RCIN by increasing GFR above baseline levels.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Contrast Media; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Endothelins; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Failure; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) is a clinically important cause of acute renal failure with no effective treatment. Recognizing the high incidence of RCIN in humans with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), this study was designed to test the hypotheses that dogs with experimental CHF are at increased risk for RCIN and that pharmacologic renal levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can prevent RCIN in this model. In chronic experiments, three groups of five conscious dogs received intravenous radiocontrast (7 ml/kg). One group consisted of normal controls, while the two other groups had experimental CHF induced by eight days of ventricular pacing at 250 beats per minute. One of the CHF groups received an infusion of ANF (30 ng/kg/min) into the suprarenal aorta for one hour before, during and after the infusion of radiocontrast to achieve pharmacologic renal plasma levels. Renal function remained stable in the normal controls in contrast to the consistent decreases in daily creatinine clearance during the five days following radiocontrast in experimental CHF. In addition, ANF prevented radiocontrast-induced reductions in creatinine clearance in dogs with experimental CHF. Additional studies performed in two groups of anesthetized dogs with experimental CHF demonstrated that, in this model of RCIN, the reduction in renal function appears biphasic, and the action of ANF may be to increase glomerular filtration rate prior to radiocontrast, thus allowing a maintenance of renal function during and after radiocontrast.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Contrast Media; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Failure; Iothalamate Meglumine; Iothalamic Acid; Male

This study describes the development of an experimental model of reversible acute renal failure following infusion of contrast media radiographic dye. Experiments were also performed to investigate possible methods of prevention as well as examine single nephron mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the renal failure. Acute renal failure was consistently produced by indomethacin treatment (18 mg/kg) and an intravenous infusion of contrast media (7 ml/kg) into New Zealand rabbits that had been on a low sodium diet for one week. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured by daily creatinine clearance in unanesthetized animals, was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) 24, 48, and 72 hours following infusion of the contrast dye. Two weeks after induction of acute renal failure, GFR had returned to control. GFR was unchanged during the same time period when the sodium deprived rabbits were given either indomethacin or contrast media alone. Chronic administration of DOCA (1 mg/kg s.c.) and saline drinking water which increased sodium and solute excretions and decreased plasma renin activity also prevented the decrease in GFR. However, acute infusion of either saline or mannitol, which transiently increased sodium and solute excretions and decreased plasma renin activity, did not protect against the development of acute renal failure. Light microscopy revealed no glomerular or tubular changes and no visible obstruction. Micropuncture experiments were performed on three additional groups of anesthetized rabbits: control, acute renal failure, and recovery. Recovery rabbits were allowed a two week period after renal failure before they were micropunctured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Desoxycorticosterone; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Indomethacin; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Iothalamate Meglumine; Rabbits; Renin; Sodium

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Aminoglycosides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contrast Media; Diabetes Complications; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Diuretics; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Iodipamide; Iodobenzoates; Iopanoic Acid; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged

A patient had acute renal insufficiency following repeated injections of water-soluble radiologic contrast material for transhepatic cholangiography .

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Cholangiography; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Cardiac Catheterization; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Prospective Studies

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Angiography; Contrast Media; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Urography

Numerous reports refer to the development of acute renal failure following intravenous urography in patients with multiple myeloma, while other authors consider the risk to be acceptable if abdominal compression and dehydration are avoided and alkalization of urine is carried out. The outcome of 34 intravenous urographies with Conray 70, Conray FL, and Conray 36 has been evaluated in 26 patients with multiple myeloma. No case of acute renal failure was observed. Two patients experienced a mild increase (greater than 0.3 mg/dl) in serum creatinine levels. Mean value of serum creatinine was 1.28 mg/dl prior to and 1.18 mg/dl after urography. In three of four patients with preexisting azotemia serum creatinine levels fell after urography, while in the fourth a mild increase from 2.0 mg/dl to 2.5 mg/dl five days after the examination was observed. Data from the literature in addition to own data are presented. From all the data taken together we conclude that intravenous urography may carry a moderately increased risk of acute renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. It may be performed if the indication is well established.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Risk; Urography

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged

A reported 12% incidence of acute renal failure after angiography prompted this prospective study to substantiate or repudiate this seemingly excessive rate. In 537 consecutive patients undergoing cerebral, abdominal, or peripheral angiography, there was no instance of renal failure following the procedure. The results of this study indicate that when adequate hydration is maintained, angiography does not pose a "significant hazard" of renal failure as previously reported, even in patients with underlying medical problems.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Angiography; Contrast Media; Dehydration; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Isotonic Solutions; Metrizoic Acid; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies

Twenty-one patients slated for high-dose arteriography were studied to investigate the impact of predisposing medical conditions upon contrast medium induced acute renal failure. The study suggests that predisposing medical conditions are the most important factor determining the incidence of acute renal failure and the probability, speed, and degree of recovery of renal function. Patients with diabetes mellitus incur the highest risk of contrast medium induced acute renal failure. A dose relationship is also suggested. Contrast medium doses containing more than 100 g of iodine uniformly produced acute tubular necrosis in patients with predisposing medical conditions. Conversely, contrast medium doses containing less than 80 g of iodine produced clinically manifest acute renal failure in only one of 14 patients with predisposing medical conditions. Subclinical levels of acute renal failure were recognized in a large number of patients by routine measurement of radionuclide filtration fractions, serum creatinine levels, and urine osmolality and sodium concentration.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Angiography; Contrast Media; Diabetes Complications; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Humans; Iodine; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Prospective Studies

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Animals; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Iopanoic Acid; Iothalamate Meglumine; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Sodium

The nephrotoxic effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) used for excretory urography and angiography are described in 9 patients. These effects are usually temporary and reversible, but may be permanent. Predisposing factors resulting in renal damage are identified and discussed. These include diabetes, dehydration, myelomatosis, chronic renal failure of many causes and repeated administrations of contrast media with a short period. Suggestions are made in order to reduce the incidence and severity of functional renal impairment after administration of contrast media.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male; Middle Aged

A case of acute renal failure after cerebral arteriography with iodinated contrast material in a patient with diabetes and azotemic nephropathy is described. A review of the literature concerning acute renal failure after radiographic contrast material is included. The main risk factors reported in the literature appear to be the presence of diabetic nephropathy and the administration of fairly large doses of iodinated contrast material. Azotemic patients should be kept well hydrated and receive doses of less than 50 cc/m2 of body surface area when studied with such materials. Careful monitoring of urinary output and serum creatinine and ready access to dialytic therapy will aid in the detection and subsequent treatment of this problem.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Male

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Contrast Media; Coronary Angiography; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Humans; Iothalamate Meglumine; Renal Artery