iodine has been researched along with Thyroid Nodule in 155 studies
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.
diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..
Thyroid Nodule: A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The objective of the study was the measurement of the effect of a treatment with (nonsuppressive) T(4), iodine, or a combination of both compared with placebo on volume of thyroid nodules and thyroid." | 9.15 | Reduction of thyroid nodule volume by levothyroxine and iodine alone and in combination: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ( Grussendorf, M; Paschke, R; Reiners, C; Wegscheider, K, 2011) |
| "In iodine deficiency areas, activating mutations in the TSH receptor and Gs-alpha gene are found in the majority of toxic thyroid adenomas and in some toxic goiter nodules." | 8.80 | Pathogenesis of toxic thyroid adenomas and nodules: relevance of activating mutations in the TSH-receptor and Gs-alpha gene, the possible role of iodine deficiency and secondary and TSH-independent molecular mechanisms. ( Broecker, M; Derwahl, M; Manole, D; Sobke, A, 1998) |
| "Because of the large change in iodine nutrition and other lifestyle in China, there is concern that thyroid nodules (TNs) may become epidemic." | 8.12 | Prevalence of thyroid nodules and its association with water iodine among Chinese men and women. ( Liu, Y; Ning, Y; Tong, M; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Yang, W; Zhu, Y, 2022) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine the iodine nutritional status and the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules (TNs) in the adult population of Heilongjiang Province." | 8.02 | Iodine Nutrition and the Prevalence Status of Thyroid Nodules in the Population: a Cross-sectional Survey in Heilongjiang Province, China. ( Bu, Y; Dong, X; Ji, C; Kong, D; Liu, Y; Shi, M; Tian, C; Zhang, L, 2021) |
| "The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules (TNs) in relation to China's iodine nutrition level over the past 20 years and provide an effective reference for developing health policies." | 8.02 | Current Iodine Nutrition Status and Morbidity of Thyroid Nodules in Mainland China in the Past 20 Years. ( Fang, W; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Sun, J; Xu, Y; Zhu, Z, 2021) |
| " The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in iodine-sufficient pregnant women, and is associated with low TSH values across pregnancy." | 7.91 | Thyroid Function Reference Values in Healthy Iodine-Sufficient Pregnant Women and Influence of Thyroid Nodules on Thyrotropin and Free Thyroxine Values. ( Anda, E; Espada, M; Martínez, JP; Ollero, MD; Pineda, JJ; Toni, M, 2019) |
| "The combined strategies can be used to supplement TSH in the initial assessment of thyroid nodules in iodine-adequate areas, depending on the testing costs of FNA and TS." | 7.85 | Cost-effective initial assessment strategies for thyroid nodules in iodine-adequate areas. ( Cai, H; Huang, X; Luo, Q; Lv, Z; Mao, W; Qiao, Y; Sun, M; Yang, Y; Yuan, X, 2017) |
| "To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) and to evaluate the association between TNs and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the moderate iodine intake area of Jiangsu, China." | 7.85 | The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in a Moderate Iodine Intake Area. ( Feng, S; Feng, Y; Liu, C; Mao, X; Xu, S; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Y, 2017) |
| "This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations (UICs) after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes." | 7.83 | Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Its Relationship with Iodine Status in Shanghai: a Population-based Study. ( Guo, CY; Huang, CH; Lu, X; Mi, M; Ruan, Y; Song, J; Wu, F; Yu, HT; Zang, JJ; Zhu, ZN; Zou, SR, 2016) |
| "This study proposed to determine whether in vivo iodine concentration measurement by single-source dual energy (SSDE) CT can improve differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules." | 7.83 | Identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by in vivo iodine concentration measurement using single-source dual energy CT: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. ( Gao, SY; Li, XT; Li, YL; Sun, YS; Wei, W; Xu, M; Zhang, XP; Zhang, XY, 2016) |
| "To assess the iodine nutritional status and investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in a community population in Chengdu, China." | 7.81 | Iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Chengdu, China: an epidemiological study. ( Gao, XL; Huang, H; Jiang, J; Liu, Y; Lv, QG; Tong, NW; Yan, YR, 2015) |
| "This study demonstrates a strong association of high urinary iodine with thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid cancer as well as aggressive cancer features, suggesting that high urinary iodine is a risk factor for thyroid cancer." | 7.80 | Strong association of high urinary iodine with thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid cancer. ( Sun, C; Wang, F; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xing, M; Zhao, W, 2014) |
| " We investigated the relationship between selenium status, thyroid volume, and goiter in a cross-sectional study in an iodine-sufficient area." | 7.79 | Thyroid volume, goiter prevalence, and selenium levels in an iodine-sufficient area: a cross-sectional study. ( Huang, H; Liu, Y; Sun, C; Zeng, J, 2013) |
| "The high prevalence of thyroid nodules in iodine-deficient areas is a practical problem because of the large number of patients requiring fine needle aspiration (FNA) to detect malignant nodules." | 7.75 | A useful ultrasound score to select thyroid nodules requiring fine needle aspiration in an iodine-deficient area. ( Avenia, N; Cavaliere, A; Colella, R; d'Ajello, M; De Feo, P; Falorni, A; Gambelunghe, G; Puxeddu, E; Stracci, F, 2009) |
| "The association between iodine status and the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules has been well established but the extent to which different iodine intake levels influence the incidence of goiter and thyroid nodules is unclear." | 7.74 | A five-year follow-up study of goiter and thyroid nodules in three regions with different iodine intakes in China. ( Chen, Y; Chong, W; Dai, H; Fan, C; Gao, T; Gu, X; Guan, H; Hu, F; Jin, Y; Li, C; Li, J; Li, Y; Mao, J; Shan, Z; Shi, X; Teng, D; Teng, W; Teng, X; Tong, Y; Wang, W; Yang, F; Yang, R; Yu, X; Yu, Y; Zhao, D, 2008) |
| "Differences in iodine intake could account for the variable prevalences reported for somatic TSH receptor (TSHR) mutations in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs)." | 7.73 | Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsalpha mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey. ( Bircan, R; Cirakoglu, B; Gezen, C; Gozu, HI; Krohn, K; Müller, S; Paschke, R; Sargin, H; Sargin, M; Vural, S; Yavuzer, D, 2006) |
| "The incidence of hyperthyroidism among thyroid malignancy varies greatly depending on the geographical area and iodine intake." | 7.73 | The incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer in an area of iodine deficiency. ( Alagol, H; Camlibel, M; Dinc, S; Gulcelik, MA; Gulcelik, NE; Kuru, B, 2006) |
| "In our study, occupational exposure to radiation combined with mild iodine deficiency did not increase the risk of developing thyroid nodules." | 7.73 | Prevalence of thyroid nodules in an occupationally radiation exposed group: a cross sectional study in an area with mild iodine deficiency. ( Ciampolillo, A; Giorgino, R; Marinelli, G; Serio, G; Trerotoli, P, 2005) |
| "Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in 482 subjects, free of known thyroid disease and living in a borderline iodine-sufficient urban area, to assess the prevalence of non-palpable thyroid nodules and evaluation their evolute during a 3-yr follow-up." | 7.71 | Non-palpable thyroid nodules in a borderline iodine-sufficient area: detection by ultrasonography and follow-up. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Chiovato, L; Grasso, L; Pinchera, A; Rago, T; Vitti, P, 2001) |
| "Iodine availability for maternal thyroid during pregnancy results from a combination of specific factors (increased urinary iodine loss, fetal-placental unit competition) and is critically reduced by the nutritional deficiency." | 7.70 | [Iodine deficiency and pregnancy]. ( Lo Presti, VP; Trimarchi, F; Vermiglio, F, 1998) |
| " Since dietary iodine deficiency is an established risk factor for thyroid nodules, iodine concentration in urine samples of 362 adults and 119 children was measured as well as the iodine content of selected staple food products." | 7.70 | Thyroid nodules, thyroid function and dietary iodine in the Marshall islands. ( Bechtner, G; Edwards, R; Fujimori, K; Simon, SL; Takahashi, T; Trott, KR, 1999) |
| "A patient with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and autonomous nodule was treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in 8 sessions." | 7.69 | Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of autonomous nodule and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. ( Caraccio, N; Casolaro, A; Del Guerra, P; Franchi, F; Monzani, F; Pucci, E, 1994) |
| "We evaluated the frequency of thyroid cancer in patients with cold thyroid nodules in relation to iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity in a consecutive series of patients with nodular thyroid diseases." | 7.68 | Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity. ( Belfiore, A; Giuffrida, D; La Porta, GA; La Rosa, GL; Lupo, L; Milazzo, G; Regalbuto, C; Vigneri, R, 1992) |
| "Iodine is an essential element for the biosynthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)." | 5.91 | Iodine status and its association with prevalence of thyroid diseases in adults from Jiangxi Province, China. ( Cai, X; Chen, C; Chen, T; Fan, QW; Gao, WW; Hu, L; Lai, XY; Lei, SH; Li, J; Liu, LQ; Liu, MM; Min, WL; Shen, YF; Wan, SC; Wu, LT; Xiong, Y; Yan, DE; Yang, Y; Yu, R; Zhang, MY; Zhang, Y; Zhou, M; Zou, F, 2023) |
| "Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0." | 5.41 | Hyperthyroidism: A Review. ( Lee, SY; Pearce, EN, 2023) |
| "Thyroid nodules were present in 30·1% of pregnant women." | 5.40 | Alterations of thyroid volume and nodular size during and after pregnancy in a severe iodine-deficient area. ( Ayaz, T; Ilkkilic, K; Metin, Y; Ogullar, S; Sahin, SB; Ural, UM, 2014) |
| "Solitary thyroid nodules were detected in 21." | 5.36 | Impact of pregnancy on prevalence of goitre and nodular thyroid disease in women living in a region of borderline sufficient iodine supply. ( Berger, F; Führer, D; Karger, S; Schötz, S; Stumvoll, M, 2010) |
| " For clinical investigators, it is difficult to determine the role of Se in the etiology of (nodular-)goiter, because there are considerable variations of Se concentrations in different populations as reflected by dietary habits, bioavailability of Se compounds, and racial differences." | 5.33 | Selenium and goiter prevalence in borderline iodine sufficiency. ( Brauer, VF; Köhrle, J; Paschke, R; Schweizer, U, 2006) |
| "Cold thyroid nodules were moderately prevalent, with no cases of detected malignancies during 2 years of follow-up." | 5.31 | Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency. ( Christiansen, E; Dige-Petersen, H; Jørgensen, T; Knudsen, N; Perrild, H; Rasmussen, S, 2000) |
| "Thyroid nodules were assessed by ultrasound in 3 621 presumably healthy free-living French subjects participating in the SU." | 5.31 | [Ultrasonic assessment of thyroid nodules, and iodine status of French adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study]. ( Bensimon, M; Bertrais, S; Cousty, C; Galan, P; Hercberg, S; Valeix, P; Zarebska, M, 2001) |
| " In iodine deficient areas, chronic stimulation by TSH causes multinodular autonomous growth and function, leading to hyperthyroidism in middle-aged and elderly subjects." | 4.84 | [Epidemiology of thyroid tumors: effect of environmental iodine intake]. ( Kasagi, K, 2007) |
| "Thyroid nodules can be found in up to 50% of inhabitants of iodine-deficient areas and are classified as hot or cold thyroid nodules according to their scintigraphic characteristics." | 4.81 | Somatic mutations in thyroid nodular disease. ( Krohn, K; Paschke, R, 2002) |
| "Based on iodine deficiency in Germany autonomous functioning nodules develop and are loaded with the risk of hyperthyroidism." | 4.80 | Evaluation of risk in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules. ( Mann, K, 1998) |
| " In this article we will review the most relevant clinical application of Tg measurements in the blood and in other biological material, including: a) serum Tg in perinatal age and congenital hypothyroidism; b) serum Tg measurements in thyrotoxicosis factitia and in other thyrotoxic conditions associated with low iodine uptake; c) differential diagnosis of thyroid and parathyroid cysts; and d) clinical relevance of Tg measurement in thyroid cancer." | 4.80 | Serum and tissue thyroglobulin measurement: clinical applications in thyroid disease. ( Pacini, F; Pinchera, A, 1999) |
| "In iodine deficiency areas, activating mutations in the TSH receptor and Gs-alpha gene are found in the majority of toxic thyroid adenomas and in some toxic goiter nodules." | 4.80 | Pathogenesis of toxic thyroid adenomas and nodules: relevance of activating mutations in the TSH-receptor and Gs-alpha gene, the possible role of iodine deficiency and secondary and TSH-independent molecular mechanisms. ( Broecker, M; Derwahl, M; Manole, D; Sobke, A, 1998) |
| ""Autonomous" thyroid nodule is a localized nodular lesion of the thyroid gland characterized by growth, iodine uptake and function, all independent from TSH control." | 4.78 | [Physiopathology of the autonomous thyroid nodule]. ( Catalfamo, R; Freni, V; Giuffrida, D; Gullo, D; Ippolito, A; Iurato, P; La Rosa, GL; Regalbuto, C; Tumino, S; Vigneri, R, 1993) |
| "Despite a significantly improved dietary iodine supply, solitary toxic thyroid nodules (STN) are still a common clinical problem in former iodine deficient areas." | 4.12 | The influence of thyroid hormone medication on intra-therapeutic half-life of ( Bockisch, B; Groener, D; Grünwald, F; Happel, C; Kranert, WT; Sabet, A, 2022) |
| "Endemic cretinism is the most severe manifestation among the iodine deficiency-related disorders." | 4.12 | ( Dunay, IR; French, T; Glas, A; He, Y; Li, B; Li, F; Li, J; Liu, L; Meng, F; Osbelt, L; Ren, B; Schott, BH; Schüler, T; Shen, H; Steffen, J; Strowig, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2022) |
| "This study aims to investigate the relationship between the TSHR, BRAF, and PIK3CA gene copy number variations (CNVs) and thyroid nodules by analyzing gene CNVs, and to explore the interaction between iodine status and the above genes CNVs in the occurrence of thyroid nodules." | 4.02 | Relationship between TSHR, BRAF and PIK3CA gene copy number variations and thyroid nodules. ( Jin, X; Liu, L; Meng, F; Qu, M; Shen, H; Shi, X, 2021) |
| " After drawing a region of interest on the DECT-derived iodine maps, the obtained iodine concentration values of thyroid nodules (IC_N) and normalized IC_N were compared between 3 groups: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), benign nodule, and cyst." | 3.91 | Dual-energy CT iodine quantification for characterizing focal thyroid lesions. ( Kim, B; Lee, DH; Lee, KY; Lee, YH; Ryoo, I; Seo, HS; Suh, SI; Yang, KS; You, SH, 2019) |
| " The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in iodine-sufficient pregnant women, and is associated with low TSH values across pregnancy." | 3.91 | Thyroid Function Reference Values in Healthy Iodine-Sufficient Pregnant Women and Influence of Thyroid Nodules on Thyrotropin and Free Thyroxine Values. ( Anda, E; Espada, M; Martínez, JP; Ollero, MD; Pineda, JJ; Toni, M, 2019) |
| "Whereas in regions with sufficient iodide intake treatment of thyroid nodules with levothyroxine has been almost completely abandoned and is also not further recommended by guidelines, medical treatment may be still indicated in Germany as recently demonstrated by randomized, placebo-controlled LISA study." | 3.88 | [Medical Treatment of Thyroid Nodule]. ( Derwahl, KM, 2018) |
| "The median serum iodine values of adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, high serum autoantibody and thyroid nodules were significantly higher than those of euthyroid adults (P<0." | 3.85 | The application of serum iodine in assessing individual iodine status. ( Guan, Y; Jia, Q; Jiang, P; Jin, X; Liu, L; Liu, P; Lu, Z; Meng, F; Pang, Y; Shen, H; Zhang, X, 2017) |
| "The combined strategies can be used to supplement TSH in the initial assessment of thyroid nodules in iodine-adequate areas, depending on the testing costs of FNA and TS." | 3.85 | Cost-effective initial assessment strategies for thyroid nodules in iodine-adequate areas. ( Cai, H; Huang, X; Luo, Q; Lv, Z; Mao, W; Qiao, Y; Sun, M; Yang, Y; Yuan, X, 2017) |
| "To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) and to evaluate the association between TNs and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the moderate iodine intake area of Jiangsu, China." | 3.85 | The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in a Moderate Iodine Intake Area. ( Feng, S; Feng, Y; Liu, C; Mao, X; Xu, S; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Y, 2017) |
| "This study proposed to determine whether in vivo iodine concentration measurement by single-source dual energy (SSDE) CT can improve differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules." | 3.83 | Identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by in vivo iodine concentration measurement using single-source dual energy CT: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. ( Gao, SY; Li, XT; Li, YL; Sun, YS; Wei, W; Xu, M; Zhang, XP; Zhang, XY, 2016) |
| "The data suggest that BPA may be one of the influencing factors for TV and thyroid nodules and its effects are independent of iodine nutrition status in children." | 3.81 | Influence of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Volume and Structure Independent of Iodine in School Children. ( Chen, Y; Fang, H; Fu, C; Huang, P; Jiang, F; Jiang, Q; Su, M; Wang, B; Wang, H; Wang, N; Zhao, Q; Zhou, Y, 2015) |
| "To assess the iodine nutritional status and investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in a community population in Chengdu, China." | 3.81 | Iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Chengdu, China: an epidemiological study. ( Gao, XL; Huang, H; Jiang, J; Liu, Y; Lv, QG; Tong, NW; Yan, YR, 2015) |
| "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of benign thyroid nodules on sonography and ultrasound elastography in a population exposed to iodine deficiency." | 3.81 | Thyroid malignancy markers on sonography are common in patients with benign thyroid disease and previous iodine deficiency. ( Brilli, L; Krejbjerg, A; Laurberg, P; Pedersen, HB; Pikelis, A, 2015) |
| "Thyroid nodules are more likely to be present in the iodine excess and deficient areas than in the iodine sufficient areas." | 3.80 | Iodine deficiency and excess coexist in china and induce thyroid dysfunction and disease: a cross-sectional study. ( Du, Y; Fan, Z; Gao, Y; Liu, S; Meng, F; Sun, D; Wu, J, 2014) |
| "This study demonstrates a strong association of high urinary iodine with thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid cancer as well as aggressive cancer features, suggesting that high urinary iodine is a risk factor for thyroid cancer." | 3.80 | Strong association of high urinary iodine with thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid cancer. ( Sun, C; Wang, F; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xing, M; Zhao, W, 2014) |
| " Iodized salt intake, urine iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid nodule (by ultrasonography) were measured in 3026 children." | 3.80 | The association of thyroid nodule with non-iodized salt among Chinese children. ( Chen, Z; Deng, J; Huang, Y; Huo, L; Jin, W; Jin, X; Liu, H; Xu, W; Yu, Y; Zhang, S; Zhu, S, 2014) |
| " Iodized salt intake, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid nodule (by ultrasonography) were measured in 9412 adults." | 3.79 | Associations of noniodized salt and thyroid nodule among the Chinese population: a large cross-sectional study. ( Chen, Z; Deng, J; Huang, Y; Jin, X; Liu, H; Xu, W; Yu, Y; Zhang, S; Zhu, S, 2013) |
| " Thyroid-related outcomes included urinary iodine excretion, serum thyrotropin, and sonographically defined goiter and nodules." | 3.79 | Association of socioeconomic status with iodine supply and thyroid disorders in northeast Germany. ( Baumeister, S; Below, H; Craesmeyer, C; Ittermann, T; John, U; Kramer, A; Nauck, M; Völzke, H, 2013) |
| " We investigated the relationship between selenium status, thyroid volume, and goiter in a cross-sectional study in an iodine-sufficient area." | 3.79 | Thyroid volume, goiter prevalence, and selenium levels in an iodine-sufficient area: a cross-sectional study. ( Huang, H; Liu, Y; Sun, C; Zeng, J, 2013) |
| "The present study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on thyroid nodule formation and goiter development in healthy subjects living in Istanbul, an iodine-sufficient region." | 3.78 | Does smoking affect thyroid gland enlargement and nodule formation in iodine-sufficient regions? ( Demirtunc, R; Karatoprak, C; Kartal, I; Kayatas, K; Meric, K; Ozdemir, A; Yolbas, S, 2012) |
| "After iodine fortification became effective in this previously iodine-deficient region, there is a negative net balance between occurring and reverting goiter and nodules." | 3.78 | Five-year change in morphological and functional alterations of the thyroid gland: the Study of Health in Pomerania. ( Albers, M; Below, H; Friedrich, N; Ittermann, T; Kramer, A; Nauck, M; Völzke, H, 2012) |
| " High prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was not correlated with either thyroid autoimmunity or iodine intake, as reflected in urinary iodine excretion." | 3.78 | Status of thyroid function in Indian adults: two decades after universal salt iodization. ( Bhadra, K; Ganie, MA; Garg, MK; Kanwar, R; Marwaha, RK; Sastry, A; Singh, S; Tandon, N, 2012) |
| "Goitrogenisis is the consequence of a relative iodine deficiency interacting with a genetic predisposition for maladaptation to iodine deficiency." | 3.77 | Nodulogenesis and goitrogenesis. ( Paschke, R, 2011) |
| "The purpose of our study was to determine the association between smoking habit, goiter, thyroid functions and ultrasonographic nodularity in moderately iodine deficient area." | 3.77 | Effect of smoking intensity on thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity and thyroid function: the Melen study. ( Aydin, LY; Aydin, Y; Besir, FH; Celbek, G; Demirin, H; Dumlu, T; Fahri Besir, H; Önder, E; Yildirim, H, 2011) |
| "To explore the iodine level in the environment and the iodine status among the general population as well as the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Hangzhou city." | 3.77 | [The iodine status in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province 2010]. ( Deng, J; Huang, YM; Jin, Q; Jin, XY; Liu, H; Xu, WM; Zhu, XX, 2011) |
| "Somatic mutations of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene and the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gsalpha) are the main cause for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) in iodine-deficient regions of the world." | 3.75 | Prevalence of TSH receptor and Gsalpha mutations in 45 autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in Japan. ( Amino, N; Fukata, S; Ito, M; Kubota, S; Maekawa, K; Miyauchi, A; Nishihara, E; Yoshida, H, 2009) |
| "The association between iodine status and the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules has been well established but the extent to which different iodine intake levels influence the incidence of goiter and thyroid nodules is unclear." | 3.74 | A five-year follow-up study of goiter and thyroid nodules in three regions with different iodine intakes in China. ( Chen, Y; Chong, W; Dai, H; Fan, C; Gao, T; Gu, X; Guan, H; Hu, F; Jin, Y; Li, C; Li, J; Li, Y; Mao, J; Shan, Z; Shi, X; Teng, D; Teng, W; Teng, X; Tong, Y; Wang, W; Yang, F; Yang, R; Yu, X; Yu, Y; Zhao, D, 2008) |
| "Because thyroid nodules are frequent in areas with iodine deficiency the aim of this study was to characterise molecular events during iodine deficiency that could explain mutagenesis and nodule formation." | 3.74 | Iodine deficiency activates antioxidant genes and causes DNA damage in the thyroid gland of rats and mice. ( Krohn, K; Maier, J; Paschke, R; van Oostrom, C; van Steeg, H; Weiss, RE, 2007) |
| "The incidence of hyperthyroidism among thyroid malignancy varies greatly depending on the geographical area and iodine intake." | 3.73 | The incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer in an area of iodine deficiency. ( Alagol, H; Camlibel, M; Dinc, S; Gulcelik, MA; Gulcelik, NE; Kuru, B, 2006) |
| "The study showed profound effects of even small differences in iodine intake level on the prevalence of goiter, nodules, and thyroid dysfunction." | 3.73 | The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease, DanThyr: status and perspectives. ( Carlé, A; Jørgensen, T; Knudsen, N; Laurberg, P; Ovesen, L; Pedersen, IB; Perrild, H; Rasmussen, LB; Vejbjerg, P, 2006) |
| "Differences in iodine intake could account for the variable prevalences reported for somatic TSH receptor (TSHR) mutations in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs)." | 3.73 | Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsalpha mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey. ( Bircan, R; Cirakoglu, B; Gezen, C; Gozu, HI; Krohn, K; Müller, S; Paschke, R; Sargin, H; Sargin, M; Vural, S; Yavuzer, D, 2006) |
| "In our study, occupational exposure to radiation combined with mild iodine deficiency did not increase the risk of developing thyroid nodules." | 3.73 | Prevalence of thyroid nodules in an occupationally radiation exposed group: a cross sectional study in an area with mild iodine deficiency. ( Ciampolillo, A; Giorgino, R; Marinelli, G; Serio, G; Trerotoli, P, 2005) |
| "The aim of this work was to determine the volume and echostructure of the thyroid and to examine urinary iodine excretion in an adult population of residents of Rzeszów, a city located in the Carpathian endemic region for goiter, after the introduction of mandatory iodine prophylaxis in 1997." | 3.72 | [Volume and echostructure of the thyroid and ioduria in an urban population of adults in the southeastern Polish city of Rzeszów]. ( Grzywa, M; Orłowska-Florek, R, 2004) |
| " Iodine deficiency disorders in children area cluster of pathological states, endemic goiter being one of the clinical symptoms." | 3.72 | Iodine deficiency disorders in the Saratov province in Russia. ( Aranovich, V; Svinaryov, M, 2003) |
| "Incidence of nodular thyroid disease as well as that of functioning thyroid nodules (FTN) increases dramatically in iodine deficient (ID) areas." | 3.72 | Is it useful to routinely biopsy hot nodules in iodine deficient areas? ( Anil, C; Erdoğan, G; Erdoğan, MF; Kamel, N; Ozer, D, 2003) |
| "In the iodine deficient areas, perhaps autoimmununization is not only related to the development of goiter but is also the main cause of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism." | 3.71 | The study of thyroid diseases in a community not using iodized salt. ( Gao, T; Guan, H; Hu, F; Jin, Y; Shan, Z; Shi, X; Shong, S; Teng, D; Teng, W; Teng, X; Wang, H; Wang, W; Yang, F, 2002) |
| "We sought to investigate the potential associations of various measures of iodine intake with thyroid volume, prevalence of thyroid nodules, and serum thyroglobulin." | 3.71 | Relations between various measures of iodine intake and thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity, and serum thyroglobulin. ( Bülow, I; Jørgensen, T; Knudsen, N; Laurberg, P; Ovesen, L; Perrild, H; Rasmussen, LB, 2002) |
| "Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in 482 subjects, free of known thyroid disease and living in a borderline iodine-sufficient urban area, to assess the prevalence of non-palpable thyroid nodules and evaluation their evolute during a 3-yr follow-up." | 3.71 | Non-palpable thyroid nodules in a borderline iodine-sufficient area: detection by ultrasonography and follow-up. ( Aghini-Lombardi, F; Chiovato, L; Grasso, L; Pinchera, A; Rago, T; Vitti, P, 2001) |
| "These data suggest that the potential malignancy of thyroid nodules is not only correlated to the diameter but to other parameters such as the biological difference of thyroid cancer that could be hypothesized in an iodine deficiency area." | 3.71 | [Prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid carcinoma with diameter less than one centimetre in iodine deficiency areas]. ( Agosti, B; Cappelli, C; Cerudelli, B; Cumetti, D; Morassi, ML; Pelizzari, G; Tironi, A, 2002) |
| "In an iodine deficient area, a high incidence of hot thyroid nodules was observed in children after the introduction of iodine supplementation in 1997." | 3.71 | Hot nodules in children and adolescents in western Poland from 1996 to 2000: clinical analysis of 31 patients. ( Breborowicz, D; Korman, E; Niedziela, M; Trejster, E, 2002) |
| "Iodine availability for maternal thyroid during pregnancy results from a combination of specific factors (increased urinary iodine loss, fetal-placental unit competition) and is critically reduced by the nutritional deficiency." | 3.70 | [Iodine deficiency and pregnancy]. ( Lo Presti, VP; Trimarchi, F; Vermiglio, F, 1998) |
| " In this area endemic goiter was associated to a variable degree of iodine deficiency and, in some places, also to an increased thiocyanate urine excretion." | 3.70 | [Iodine deficiency and iodine prophylaxis experience in Sicily]. ( Buscema, M; Calaciura, F; La Rosa, GL; Regalbuto, C; Salamone, S; Vigneri, R, 1998) |
| " In this study, we used Northern blot analysis, a newly established quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and in addition hNIS-directed immunohistochemical analysis to assess the levels of hNIS mRNA and protein expression in various localized and diffuse benign thyroid abnormalities, including Graves' disease (GD), scintigraphically cold solitary benign thyroid nodule (CBTN), nontoxic multinodular goiter (NMNG), solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN), and mild diffuse iodine deficiency goiter (IDG)." | 3.70 | Analysis of human sodium/iodide symporter, thyroid transcription factor-1, and paired-box-protein-8 gene expression in benign thyroid diseases. ( Heufelder, AE; Joba, W; Schriever, K; Spitzweg, C, 1999) |
| " Since dietary iodine deficiency is an established risk factor for thyroid nodules, iodine concentration in urine samples of 362 adults and 119 children was measured as well as the iodine content of selected staple food products." | 3.70 | Thyroid nodules, thyroid function and dietary iodine in the Marshall islands. ( Bechtner, G; Edwards, R; Fujimori, K; Simon, SL; Takahashi, T; Trott, KR, 1999) |
| "A patient with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and autonomous nodule was treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in 8 sessions." | 3.69 | Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of autonomous nodule and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. ( Caraccio, N; Casolaro, A; Del Guerra, P; Franchi, F; Monzani, F; Pucci, E, 1994) |
| "In a region with insufficient alimentary iodine supply (Kiel, Northern Germany) the prevalence of thyroid nodules was studied by means of ultrasonography in 212 healthy women (36-50 years old) in four groups of 53 women each with 0, 1, 2, and 3-5 previous pregnancies." | 3.68 | Influence of frequency of previous pregnancies on the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women without clinical evidence of thyroid disease. ( Haupt, S; Ohlen, S; Struve, CW, 1993) |
| "We evaluated the frequency of thyroid cancer in patients with cold thyroid nodules in relation to iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity in a consecutive series of patients with nodular thyroid diseases." | 3.68 | Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity. ( Belfiore, A; Giuffrida, D; La Porta, GA; La Rosa, GL; Lupo, L; Milazzo, G; Regalbuto, C; Vigneri, R, 1992) |
| "Treatment of Graves-Basedow disease in childhood is a debated question." | 2.47 | [Current questions of thyroid diseases in childhood]. ( Ilyés, I, 2011) |
| "Pregnancy is associated with an increased requirement of hormone secretion by the thyroid, within the first weeks after conception." | 2.44 | [Thyroid and pregnancy]. ( Maciel, LM; Magalhães, PK, 2008) |
| "Thyroid nodules are present in 4-10% of the adult population." | 2.43 | Evaluation and management of incidentally discovered thyroid nodules. ( Datta, RV; Petrelli, NJ; Ramzy, J, 2006) |
| "Iodine is an essential element for the biosynthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)." | 1.91 | Iodine status and its association with prevalence of thyroid diseases in adults from Jiangxi Province, China. ( Cai, X; Chen, C; Chen, T; Fan, QW; Gao, WW; Hu, L; Lai, XY; Lei, SH; Li, J; Liu, LQ; Liu, MM; Min, WL; Shen, YF; Wan, SC; Wu, LT; Xiong, Y; Yan, DE; Yang, Y; Yu, R; Zhang, MY; Zhang, Y; Zhou, M; Zou, F, 2023) |
| "Thyroid nodules were associated with the delay to consultation (for duration ≥ three years, OR: 6." | 1.72 | The Spectrum of Thyroid Nodules at Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study. ( Bangolo, A; Bayauli-Mwasa, P; Bindingija, J; Bukasa, JK; Kavula, W; M'Buyamba-Kabangu, JR; Mbunga, BK; Mukaya, J, 2022) |
| "Thyroid nodules have become a common clinical problem, and the clinical importance of thyroid nodules lies in the determination of thyroid cancer." | 1.48 | High Urinary Iodine, Thyroid Autoantibodies, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone for Papillary Thyroid Cancer Risk. ( Huang, T; Li, H; Zhao, H, 2018) |
| "Predictive factors for thyroid cancer were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models." | 1.46 | Strong association of relatively low and extremely excessive iodine intakes with thyroid cancer in an iodine-replete area. ( Byun, DW; Chung, JH; Kim, HJ; Kim, NK; Kim, SW; Min, YK; Park, HK; Suh, K; Yoo, MH, 2017) |
| "Thyroid nodules are frequent in Germany." | 1.42 | [Therapy of thyroid nodules]. ( Schott, M, 2015) |
| "Thyroid nodules were present in 30·1% of pregnant women." | 1.40 | Alterations of thyroid volume and nodular size during and after pregnancy in a severe iodine-deficient area. ( Ayaz, T; Ilkkilic, K; Metin, Y; Ogullar, S; Sahin, SB; Ural, UM, 2014) |
| "Solitary thyroid nodules were detected in 21." | 1.36 | Impact of pregnancy on prevalence of goitre and nodular thyroid disease in women living in a region of borderline sufficient iodine supply. ( Berger, F; Führer, D; Karger, S; Schötz, S; Stumvoll, M, 2010) |
| " For clinical investigators, it is difficult to determine the role of Se in the etiology of (nodular-)goiter, because there are considerable variations of Se concentrations in different populations as reflected by dietary habits, bioavailability of Se compounds, and racial differences." | 1.33 | Selenium and goiter prevalence in borderline iodine sufficiency. ( Brauer, VF; Köhrle, J; Paschke, R; Schweizer, U, 2006) |
| "Cold thyroid nodules were moderately prevalent, with no cases of detected malignancies during 2 years of follow-up." | 1.31 | Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency. ( Christiansen, E; Dige-Petersen, H; Jørgensen, T; Knudsen, N; Perrild, H; Rasmussen, S, 2000) |
| "Thyroid nodules were assessed by ultrasound in 3 621 presumably healthy free-living French subjects participating in the SU." | 1.31 | [Ultrasonic assessment of thyroid nodules, and iodine status of French adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study]. ( Bensimon, M; Bertrais, S; Cousty, C; Galan, P; Hercberg, S; Valeix, P; Zarebska, M, 2001) |
| "Iodine excretion was measured in casual urine samples." | 1.31 | Goitre prevalence and thyroid abnormalities at ultrasonography: a comparative epidemiological study in two regions with slightly different iodine status. ( Bülow, I; Jorgensen, T; Knudsen, N; Laurberg, P; Ovesen, L; Perrild, H, 2000) |
| "In contrast, in Graves' disease the majority of follicular cells expressed the hNIS protein." | 1.30 | Na+/I- symporter distribution in human thyroid tissues: an immunohistochemical study. ( Baudin, E; Bidart, JM; Caillou, B; Filetti, S; Schlumberger, M; Talbot, M; Troalen, F, 1998) |
| "Thyroid nodules are present in up to 30% of the German population." | 1.30 | Course of thyroid nodules. ( Hoermann, R; Quadbeck, B, 1998) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7 (4.52) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 20 (12.90) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 52 (33.55) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 55 (35.48) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 21 (13.55) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Wang, Y | 3 |
| Wang, J | 1 |
| Chen, Z | 3 |
| Ma, M | 1 |
| Lin, C | 1 |
| He, Q | 1 |
| Ye, M | 1 |
| Holt, EH | 1 |
| Zhu, Y | 2 |
| Tong, M | 1 |
| Liu, Y | 5 |
| Wang, B | 3 |
| Yang, W | 1 |
| Ning, Y | 1 |
| Chen, YL | 1 |
| Lü, QG | 1 |
| Wu, YC | 1 |
| Xu, SS | 1 |
| Wan, H | 1 |
| Zhong, L | 1 |
| Cao, HY | 1 |
| Zhang, YW | 1 |
| Tong, NW | 2 |
| Li, J | 3 |
| He, Y | 1 |
| Ren, B | 1 |
| Zhang, Z | 2 |
| Meng, F | 5 |
| Zhang, X | 4 |
| Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Li, B | 1 |
| Li, F | 1 |
| Liu, L | 5 |
| Shen, H | 3 |
| French, T | 1 |
| Steffen, J | 1 |
| Glas, A | 1 |
| Osbelt, L | 1 |
| Strowig, T | 1 |
| Schott, BH | 1 |
| Schüler, T | 1 |
| Dunay, IR | 1 |
| Happel, C | 1 |
| Kranert, WT | 1 |
| Bockisch, B | 1 |
| Sabet, A | 1 |
| Grünwald, F | 1 |
| Groener, D | 1 |
| Sun, R | 1 |
| Fan, L | 3 |
| Du, Y | 3 |
| Qian, T | 1 |
| Zhao, M | 2 |
| Che, W | 1 |
| Liu, P | 4 |
| Sun, D | 4 |
| Bukasa, JK | 2 |
| Bayauli-Mwasa, P | 2 |
| Mbunga, BK | 2 |
| Bangolo, A | 2 |
| Kavula, W | 2 |
| Mukaya, J | 2 |
| Bindingija, J | 2 |
| M'Buyamba-Kabangu, JR | 2 |
| Li, YZ | 1 |
| Teng, WP | 1 |
| Shan, ZY | 1 |
| Rivera-Buse, JE | 1 |
| Patajalo-Villalta, SJ | 1 |
| Donadi, EA | 1 |
| Barbosa, F | 1 |
| Magalhães, PKR | 1 |
| Maciel, LMZ | 1 |
| Zhang, W | 3 |
| Yao, J | 1 |
| Li, M | 1 |
| Lv, C | 1 |
| Jiang, W | 1 |
| Yan, DE | 1 |
| Hu, L | 1 |
| Shen, YF | 1 |
| Lai, XY | 1 |
| Zhang, MY | 1 |
| Zhou, M | 1 |
| Chen, C | 1 |
| Liu, MM | 1 |
| Wu, LT | 1 |
| Liu, LQ | 1 |
| Fan, QW | 1 |
| Min, WL | 1 |
| Wan, SC | 1 |
| Zou, F | 1 |
| Cai, X | 1 |
| Lei, SH | 1 |
| Xiong, Y | 1 |
| Yang, Y | 2 |
| Yu, R | 1 |
| Gao, WW | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 2 |
| Chen, T | 1 |
| Fan, X | 1 |
| Zhao, L | 1 |
| Wang, S | 1 |
| Song, K | 1 |
| Xie, Y | 1 |
| Jiang, Y | 1 |
| Lin, L | 2 |
| Teng, W | 4 |
| Cai, C | 1 |
| Yao, Y | 1 |
| Lee, SY | 1 |
| Pearce, EN | 2 |
| Yu, S | 1 |
| Wang, D | 1 |
| Cheng, X | 1 |
| Zhang, Q | 2 |
| Wang, M | 1 |
| Guo, H | 1 |
| Yu, B | 1 |
| Xia, L | 1 |
| Cheng, Q | 1 |
| Li, P | 1 |
| Yin, Y | 1 |
| Ma, C | 1 |
| Hou, L | 1 |
| Zou, Y | 1 |
| Li, H | 2 |
| Li, D | 1 |
| Qiu, L | 1 |
| Ichihara, K | 1 |
| Pozzilli, P | 1 |
| Lazzeri, D | 1 |
| Gao, M | 2 |
| Chen, Y | 5 |
| Sun, H | 2 |
| Chen, W | 2 |
| Wang, W | 4 |
| Tan, L | 1 |
| Shen, J | 2 |
| Cheng, Y | 2 |
| Stephenson, A | 1 |
| Eszlinger, M | 3 |
| Stewardson, P | 1 |
| McIntyre, JB | 1 |
| Boesenberg, E | 1 |
| Bircan, R | 2 |
| Sancak, S | 1 |
| Gozu, HI | 2 |
| Ghaznavi, S | 1 |
| Krohn, K | 5 |
| Paschke, R | 12 |
| Tian, C | 1 |
| Bu, Y | 1 |
| Ji, C | 1 |
| Shi, M | 1 |
| Zhang, L | 1 |
| Kong, D | 1 |
| Dong, X | 1 |
| Shi, X | 4 |
| Qu, M | 1 |
| Jin, X | 4 |
| Liu, X | 1 |
| Sun, J | 2 |
| Fang, W | 1 |
| Xu, Y | 1 |
| Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Kalra, B | 1 |
| Gupta, Y | 1 |
| Kalra, S | 1 |
| Jiang, P | 1 |
| Jia, Q | 1 |
| Guan, Y | 1 |
| Pang, Y | 1 |
| Lu, Z | 1 |
| Bogdanova, TI | 1 |
| Saenko, VA | 1 |
| Hirokawa, M | 1 |
| Ito, M | 2 |
| Zurnadzhy, LY | 1 |
| Hayashi, T | 1 |
| Rogounovitch, TI | 1 |
| Miyauchi, A | 2 |
| Tronko, MD | 1 |
| Yamashita, S | 1 |
| Wang, N | 2 |
| Fang, H | 2 |
| Fu, C | 2 |
| Huang, P | 2 |
| Su, M | 2 |
| Jiang, F | 2 |
| Zhao, Q | 2 |
| Jiang, Q | 2 |
| Baverstock, K | 1 |
| Zhao, H | 1 |
| Huang, T | 1 |
| Derwahl, KM | 1 |
| Wang, Z | 1 |
| Su, X | 1 |
| Zou, S | 1 |
| Song, J | 2 |
| Liu, S | 2 |
| Mo, Z | 1 |
| Mao, G | 1 |
| Zhu, W | 1 |
| Wang, X | 2 |
| Lou, X | 1 |
| Ding, G | 1 |
| Konugolu Venkata Sekar, S | 1 |
| Farina, A | 1 |
| Dalla Mora, A | 1 |
| Lindner, C | 1 |
| Pagliazzi, M | 1 |
| Mora, M | 1 |
| Aranda, G | 1 |
| Dehghani, H | 1 |
| Durduran, T | 1 |
| Taroni, P | 1 |
| Pifferi, A | 1 |
| Lee, DH | 1 |
| Lee, YH | 1 |
| Seo, HS | 1 |
| Lee, KY | 1 |
| Suh, SI | 1 |
| Ryoo, I | 1 |
| You, SH | 1 |
| Kim, B | 1 |
| Yang, KS | 1 |
| Ollero, MD | 1 |
| Toni, M | 1 |
| Pineda, JJ | 1 |
| Martínez, JP | 1 |
| Espada, M | 1 |
| Anda, E | 1 |
| Su, Y | 1 |
| Zhang, YL | 1 |
| Zhang, HQ | 1 |
| Guan, QB | 1 |
| Yu, CX | 1 |
| Shao, SS | 1 |
| Xu, J | 1 |
| Du, C | 1 |
| Wang, C | 1 |
| Xu, W | 2 |
| Huang, Y | 2 |
| Deng, J | 3 |
| Zhu, S | 2 |
| Liu, H | 3 |
| Zhang, S | 2 |
| Yu, Y | 3 |
| Huang, H | 2 |
| Zeng, J | 1 |
| Sun, C | 2 |
| Vicchio, TM | 1 |
| Giovinazzo, S | 1 |
| Certo, R | 1 |
| Cucinotta, M | 1 |
| Micali, C | 1 |
| Baldari, S | 2 |
| Benvenga, S | 1 |
| Trimarchi, F | 2 |
| Campennì, A | 1 |
| Ruggeri, RM | 2 |
| Sahin, SB | 1 |
| Ogullar, S | 1 |
| Ural, UM | 1 |
| Ilkkilic, K | 1 |
| Metin, Y | 1 |
| Ayaz, T | 1 |
| Huo, L | 1 |
| Jin, W | 1 |
| Wang, F | 1 |
| Wang, L | 1 |
| Xing, M | 1 |
| Zhao, W | 2 |
| Agretti, P | 1 |
| Niccolai, F | 1 |
| Rago, T | 2 |
| De Marco, G | 1 |
| Molinaro, A | 1 |
| Scutari, M | 1 |
| Di Cosmo, C | 1 |
| Di Coscio, G | 1 |
| Vitale, M | 1 |
| Maccheroni, M | 1 |
| Vitti, P | 2 |
| Tonacchera, M | 1 |
| Krejbjerg, A | 2 |
| Bjergved, L | 1 |
| Pedersen, IB | 2 |
| Knudsen, N | 8 |
| Jørgensen, T | 7 |
| Perrild, H | 8 |
| Ovesen, L | 7 |
| Rasmussen, LB | 3 |
| Laurberg, P | 8 |
| Han, C | 1 |
| Xiong, C | 1 |
| Shan, Z | 3 |
| Zimmermann, MB | 1 |
| Yan, YR | 1 |
| Lv, QG | 1 |
| Gao, XL | 1 |
| Jiang, J | 1 |
| Gao, Y | 1 |
| Fan, Z | 1 |
| Wu, J | 1 |
| Li, HW | 1 |
| Wu, XW | 1 |
| Liu, B | 1 |
| Liu, WD | 1 |
| Gao, N | 1 |
| Brilli, L | 1 |
| Pikelis, A | 1 |
| Pedersen, HB | 1 |
| Schott, M | 1 |
| Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Wang, H | 2 |
| Kim, HJ | 1 |
| Kim, NK | 1 |
| Park, HK | 1 |
| Byun, DW | 1 |
| Suh, K | 1 |
| Yoo, MH | 1 |
| Min, YK | 1 |
| Kim, SW | 1 |
| Chung, JH | 1 |
| Zou, SR | 1 |
| Guo, CY | 1 |
| Zang, JJ | 1 |
| Zhu, ZN | 1 |
| Mi, M | 1 |
| Huang, CH | 1 |
| Yu, HT | 1 |
| Lu, X | 1 |
| Ruan, Y | 1 |
| Wu, F | 1 |
| Cai, H | 1 |
| Qiao, Y | 1 |
| Huang, X | 1 |
| Sun, M | 1 |
| Luo, Q | 1 |
| Yuan, X | 1 |
| Mao, W | 1 |
| Lv, Z | 1 |
| Giovanella, L | 1 |
| D'Aurizio, F | 1 |
| Campenni', A | 1 |
| Verburg, FA | 1 |
| Trimboli, P | 1 |
| Ceriani, L | 1 |
| Gao, SY | 1 |
| Zhang, XY | 1 |
| Wei, W | 1 |
| Li, XT | 1 |
| Li, YL | 1 |
| Xu, M | 1 |
| Sun, YS | 1 |
| Zhang, XP | 1 |
| Feng, S | 1 |
| Xu, S | 1 |
| Mao, X | 1 |
| Feng, Y | 1 |
| Liu, C | 1 |
| Gaengler, S | 1 |
| Andrianou, XD | 1 |
| Piciu, A | 1 |
| Charisiadis, P | 1 |
| Zira, C | 1 |
| Aristidou, K | 1 |
| Piciu, D | 1 |
| Makris, KC | 1 |
| Słowińska-Klencka, D | 1 |
| Popowicz, B | 1 |
| Lewiński, A | 2 |
| Sporny, S | 1 |
| Klencki, M | 1 |
| Maciel, LM | 1 |
| Magalhães, PK | 1 |
| Cavaliere, A | 1 |
| Colella, R | 1 |
| Puxeddu, E | 1 |
| Gambelunghe, G | 1 |
| Falorni, A | 1 |
| Stracci, F | 1 |
| d'Ajello, M | 1 |
| Avenia, N | 1 |
| De Feo, P | 1 |
| Nishihara, E | 1 |
| Amino, N | 1 |
| Maekawa, K | 1 |
| Yoshida, H | 1 |
| Kubota, S | 1 |
| Fukata, S | 1 |
| Guth, S | 1 |
| Theune, U | 1 |
| Aberle, J | 1 |
| Galach, A | 1 |
| Bamberger, CM | 1 |
| Ayturk, S | 2 |
| Gursoy, A | 3 |
| Kut, A | 2 |
| Anil, C | 3 |
| Nar, A | 1 |
| Tutuncu, NB | 1 |
| Karger, S | 2 |
| Schötz, S | 1 |
| Stumvoll, M | 1 |
| Berger, F | 1 |
| Führer, D | 4 |
| Papini, E | 1 |
| Negro, R | 1 |
| Pinchera, A | 3 |
| Guglielmi, R | 1 |
| Baroli, A | 1 |
| Beck-Peccoz, P | 1 |
| Garofalo, P | 1 |
| Pisoni, MP | 1 |
| Zini, M | 1 |
| Elisei, R | 1 |
| Chiovato, L | 2 |
| Vandevijvere, S | 3 |
| Annemans, L | 1 |
| Van Oyen, H | 2 |
| Tafforeau, J | 1 |
| Moreno-Reyes, R | 4 |
| Schmid, KW | 1 |
| Reiners, C | 3 |
| Ilyés, I | 1 |
| Grussendorf, M | 1 |
| Wegscheider, K | 1 |
| Dramaix, M | 1 |
| Chon, MG | 1 |
| Suk, JH | 1 |
| Oh, KH | 1 |
| Kim, KI | 1 |
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| Lee, HG | 1 |
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| Cho, KI | 1 |
| Kim, MK | 1 |
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| Krajewski, DA | 1 |
| Burman, KD | 1 |
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| Besir, FH | 1 |
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| Demirin, H | 1 |
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| Önder, E | 1 |
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| Völzke, H | 3 |
| Ittermann, T | 2 |
| Albers, M | 1 |
| Friedrich, N | 1 |
| Nauck, M | 3 |
| Below, H | 2 |
| Kramer, A | 2 |
| Marwaha, RK | 1 |
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| Sastry, A | 1 |
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| John, U | 2 |
| Baumeister, S | 1 |
| Akkurt, A | 1 |
| Bettendorf, M | 1 |
| Schneider, P | 1 |
| Bülow, I | 5 |
| Teng, X | 2 |
| Hu, F | 2 |
| Shong, S | 1 |
| Jin, Y | 2 |
| Guan, H | 2 |
| Yang, F | 2 |
| Gao, T | 2 |
| Teng, D | 2 |
| Erdoğan, MF | 2 |
| Ozer, D | 1 |
| Kamel, N | 1 |
| Erdoğan, G | 2 |
| Svinaryov, M | 1 |
| Aranovich, V | 1 |
| GOVERNALE, VJ | 1 |
| SHELINE, GE | 2 |
| LINDSAY, S | 2 |
| BELL, HG | 1 |
| GERMANN, DR | 1 |
| BURNS, R | 1 |
| MEADOWS, PM | 1 |
| GREEN, WL | 1 |
| INGBAR, SH | 1 |
| McCORMACK, KR | 1 |
| GALANTE, M | 1 |
| MACK, RE | 1 |
| ORTMEYER, LF | 1 |
| Georgopoulos, NA | 1 |
| Sykiotis, GP | 1 |
| Sgourou, A | 1 |
| Papachatzopoulou, A | 1 |
| Markou, KB | 1 |
| Kyriazopoulou, V | 1 |
| Papavassiliou, AG | 1 |
| Vagenakis, AG | 1 |
| Brauer, VF | 3 |
| Orłowska-Florek, R | 1 |
| Grzywa, M | 1 |
| Kovács, GL | 1 |
| Gonda, G | 1 |
| Vadász, G | 1 |
| Ludmány, E | 1 |
| Uhrin, K | 1 |
| Görömbey, Z | 1 |
| Kovács, L | 1 |
| Hubina, E | 1 |
| Bodó, M | 1 |
| Góth, MI | 1 |
| Szabolcs, I | 1 |
| Alte, D | 1 |
| Kohlmann, T | 1 |
| Lüdemann, J | 1 |
| Meng, W | 1 |
| Mügge, C | 1 |
| Brauer, WH | 1 |
| Trerotoli, P | 1 |
| Ciampolillo, A | 1 |
| Marinelli, G | 1 |
| Giorgino, R | 1 |
| Serio, G | 1 |
| Gärtner, R | 1 |
| Gulcelik, MA | 1 |
| Gulcelik, NE | 1 |
| Dinc, S | 1 |
| Kuru, B | 1 |
| Camlibel, M | 1 |
| Alagol, H | 1 |
| Carlé, A | 1 |
| Vejbjerg, P | 1 |
| Datta, RV | 1 |
| Petrelli, NJ | 1 |
| Ramzy, J | 1 |
| Müller, S | 1 |
| Vural, S | 1 |
| Gezen, C | 1 |
| Sargin, H | 1 |
| Yavuzer, D | 1 |
| Sargin, M | 1 |
| Cirakoglu, B | 1 |
| Engelhardt, C | 1 |
| Tönjes, A | 1 |
| Herrmann, F | 1 |
| Müller, P | 1 |
| Schmidt, T | 1 |
| Weiss, CL | 1 |
| Dralle, H | 1 |
| Lippitzsch, F | 1 |
| Tannapfel, A | 1 |
| Schweizer, U | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study on the Displacement of Iodine Balance Value During Pregnancy and the Mechanism of Breast Iodine Homeostasis During Lactation Under Different Iodine Exposure[NCT05730803] | 1,200 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2023-02-17 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| [NCT01838629] | 12,438 participants (Actual) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2009-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy of Metformin Versus Sitagliptin on Benign Thyroid Nodules Size in Type 2 Diabetes: a 2-years Prospective Multicentric Study[NCT04298684] | Phase 4 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Prospective Evaluation of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules[NCT02658552] | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A Prospective Evaluation of the Feasibility and Safety of the Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) as a Treatment for Benign Thyroid Nodules[NCT03158961] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-01 | Completed | |||
| Five-year Follow up of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Total Thyroidectomy Versus Dunhill Operation Versus Bilateral Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Non-toxic Goiter.[NCT00946894] | 600 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Subtotal Versus Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disease - a Prospective Case-control Surgical Outcome Study.[NCT01273714] | 8,006 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1999-01-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
20 reviews available for iodine and Thyroid Nodule
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Current Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Iodine; Medical History Taking; Radiation Exposure; Risk Factors; Thyro | 2021 |
Hyperthyroidism: A Review.
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisot | 2023 |
Preconception management of thyroid disorders.
Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Pr | 2017 |
Prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules before and after implementation of the universal salt iodization program in mainland China from 1985 to 2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: China; Databases, Factual; Goiter; Health Policy; Humans; Iodine; Prevalence; Sodium Chloride, Dieta | 2014 |
[Thyroid and pregnancy].
Topics: Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Compl | 2008 |
[Current questions of thyroid diseases in childhood].
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diagnosis, Diff | 2011 |
Thyroid disorders in children from birth to adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Goiter; Graves Disease; Huma | 2002 |
Radioiodine therapy of thyroid autonomy.
Topics: Adenoma; Antithyroid Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Contraindications; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypert | 2002 |
The problem of goitre with particular consideration of goitre resulting from iodine deficiency (II): management of non-toxic nodular goitre and of thyroid nodules.
Topics: Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Thyroid Nodule | 2002 |
[Pathophysiologic basis for prevention and pharmacotherapy of benign cold thyroid nodules].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; | 2003 |
Evaluation and management of incidentally discovered thyroid nodules.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immunohis | 2006 |
[Epidemiology of thyroid tumors: effect of environmental iodine intake].
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Age Factors; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; | 2007 |
Follow-up after surgery for benign nodular thyroid disease: evidence-based approach.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Postoperative Care; Secondary Prevention; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Trace Eleme | 2008 |
Follow-up after surgery for benign nodular thyroid disease: evidence-based approach.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Postoperative Care; Secondary Prevention; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Trace Eleme | 2008 |
Follow-up after surgery for benign nodular thyroid disease: evidence-based approach.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Postoperative Care; Secondary Prevention; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Trace Eleme | 2008 |
Follow-up after surgery for benign nodular thyroid disease: evidence-based approach.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Postoperative Care; Secondary Prevention; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Trace Eleme | 2008 |
[Molecular aspects in the pathogenesis of nodules and adenomas of the thyroid gland].
Topics: Adenoma; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Iodine; Mutagenesis; Thyro | 1994 |
[Physiopathology of the autonomous thyroid nodule].
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Nodule; Thyrotropin; Triiodothyr | 1993 |
Pathogenesis of toxic thyroid adenomas and nodules: relevance of activating mutations in the TSH-receptor and Gs-alpha gene, the possible role of iodine deficiency and secondary and TSH-independent molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Goiter, Nodular; Growth Substances; GTP-Binding P | 1998 |
Evaluation of risk in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Osteoporosis; Risk Factor | 1998 |
Serum and tissue thyroglobulin measurement: clinical applications in thyroid disease.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Parathyroid Dise | 1999 |
Sodium/iodide symporter mRNA expression in cold thyroid nodules.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Techniques; Humans; Iodine; RNA, Messenger; Symporters; Thyroid | 2001 |
Somatic mutations in thyroid nodular disease.
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Humans; Iodine; Mutation; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Thyroid Nodule | 2002 |
6 trials available for iodine and Thyroid Nodule
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The relationship between different iodine sources and nutrition in pregnant women and adults.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinking Water; Female; Humans; Iodine; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; T | 2022 |
Establishing reference intervals for urine and serum iodine levels: A nationwide multicenter study of a euthyroid Chinese population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; | 2020 |
Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anthropometry; Case-Control Studies; Endemic Diseases; Female; | 2009 |
Reduction of thyroid nodule volume by levothyroxine and iodine alone and in combination: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Germany; Humans; Io | 2011 |
Cytology and mRNA expression analysis of fine needle aspirates of thyroid nodules in an East German region with borderline iodine deficiency.
Topics: Actins; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Genetic Markers; Genetic Testin | 2006 |
[Effect of iodine application during radioiodine therapy in patients with impending therapy failure].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Half-Life; Humans; Iodine; | 2000 |
129 other studies available for iodine and Thyroid Nodule
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Analysis of the correlation between high iodized salt intake and the risk of thyroid nodules: a large retrospective study.
Topics: Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iodine; Male; Midd | 2021 |
Prevalence of thyroid nodules and its association with water iodine among Chinese men and women.
Topics: Adult; China; Drinking Water; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Prevalence; Thyroid Nodule | 2022 |
[Iodine Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders among Adults in Chengdu].
Topics: Adult; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Nutritional Status; Preva | 2022 |
Topics: Animals; China; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; | 2022 |
The influence of thyroid hormone medication on intra-therapeutic half-life of
Topics: Half-Life; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine | 2022 |
The Spectrum of Thyroid Nodules at Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Io | 2022 |
The Spectrum of Thyroid Nodules at Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Io | 2022 |
The Spectrum of Thyroid Nodules at Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Io | 2022 |
The Spectrum of Thyroid Nodules at Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Io | 2022 |
[Survey on the prevalence and related factors of thyroid disorders in different iodine intake regions in China in 2015-2017].
Topics: Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidi | 2023 |
Impact of lead exposure on the thyroid glands of individuals living in high- or low-lead exposure areas.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Lead; Male; Thyroid Nodule; Thyrotropin; Thy | 2023 |
Serum thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine excess and thyroid disease occurrence in adults.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Iodine; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid | 2023 |
Iodine status and its association with prevalence of thyroid diseases in adults from Jiangxi Province, China.
Topics: Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Male | 2023 |
Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; China; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Male; Mal | 2023 |
Our Lady of Carmel and Saints of Pietro Novelli (1603-1647).
Topics: Female; History, 17th Century; Humans; Iodine; Italy; Male; Medicine in the Arts; Paintings; Portrai | 2020 |
Thyroglobulin can be a functional biomarker of iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, and goiter in Chinese pregnant women.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; China; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Th | 2020 |
Sensitive Sequencing Analysis Suggests Thyrotropin Receptor and Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G Subunit Alpha as Sole Driver Mutations in Hot Thyroid Nodules.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Chromogranins; DNA Mutational Analysis; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; Gu | 2020 |
Iodine Nutrition and the Prevalence Status of Thyroid Nodules in the Population: a Cross-sectional Survey in Heilongjiang Province, China.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional | 2021 |
Relationship between TSHR, BRAF and PIK3CA gene copy number variations and thyroid nodules.
Topics: China; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; DNA Copy Number Variations; Gene Dosage; Humans; Iodi | 2021 |
Current Iodine Nutrition Status and Morbidity of Thyroid Nodules in Mainland China in the Past 20 Years.
Topics: China; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Nutritional Status; Prevalence; Thyroid Nodule | 2021 |
The application of serum iodine in assessing individual iodine status.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Thyroid Diseases; Th | 2017 |
Comparative histopathological analysis of sporadic pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma from Japan and Ukraine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Age Factors; Carcinoma, Papillary; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet | 2017 |
Associations of adiposity measurements with thyroid nodules in Chinese children living in iodine-sufficient areas: an observational study.
Topics: Adiposity; Anthropometry; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fema | 2017 |
Letter in response to Pfinder et al on the efficacy of the WHO guidelines on iodine prophylaxis.
Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Radioactive Hazard Release; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule | 2017 |
High Urinary Iodine, Thyroid Autoantibodies, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone for Papillary Thyroid Cancer Risk.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodine; Male; Middle | 2018 |
[Medical Treatment of Thyroid Nodule].
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroxine | 2018 |
A Comparison of Iodine Status in Children and Pregnant Women After a Policy Change in the Iodized Salt Standard in Shanghai, China.
Topics: Adult; Child; China; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Nutritional Status; Pregna | 2018 |
[Effect factors of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Zhejiang Province in 2010].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Preva | 2017 |
Broadband (550-1350 nm) diffuse optical characterization of thyroid chromophores.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Optical Phenomena; Spectrum Analysis; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Nodule; | 2018 |
Dual-energy CT iodine quantification for characterizing focal thyroid lesions.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Cohort Studies; Contrast Media; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Human | 2019 |
Thyroid Function Reference Values in Healthy Iodine-Sufficient Pregnant Women and Influence of Thyroid Nodules on Thyrotropin and Free Thyroxine Values.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodine; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimest | 2019 |
Association Between Thyroid Nodules and Volume and Metabolic Syndrome in an Iodine-Adequate Area: A Large Community-Based Population Study.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Insulin Resist | 2019 |
Excessive iodine intake is associated with formation of thyroid nodules in pregnant Chinese women.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Body Mass Index; China; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; | 2019 |
Associations of noniodized salt and thyroid nodule among the Chinese population: a large cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Appetite; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; | 2013 |
Thyroid volume, goiter prevalence, and selenium levels in an iodine-sufficient area: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Linear Models | 2013 |
Lack of association between autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and germline polymorphisms of the thyrotropin receptor and Gαs genes in a mild to moderate iodine-deficient Caucasian population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Stu | 2014 |
Alterations of thyroid volume and nodular size during and after pregnancy in a severe iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iodine; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Orga | 2014 |
The association of thyroid nodule with non-iodized salt among Chinese children.
Topics: Child; China; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Chloride; Thyroid Nodule | 2014 |
Strong association of high urinary iodine with thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid cancer.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 2014 |
BRAF mutation analysis in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: our experience on surgical management of patients with thyroid nodules from an area of borderline iodine deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Exons; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Proto-Oncoge | 2014 |
Thyroid nodules in an 11-year DanThyr follow-up study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food, Fortified; Humans; I | 2014 |
Thyroid gland: Iodine deficiency and thyroid nodules.
Topics: Denmark; Food, Fortified; Humans; Iodine; Longitudinal Studies; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Thyroid No | 2014 |
Iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Chengdu, China: an epidemiological study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Child; China; Epidemio | 2015 |
Iodine deficiency and excess coexist in china and induce thyroid dysfunction and disease: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinking Water; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoth | 2014 |
Clinical values of of gemstone spectral CT in diagnosing thyroid disease.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Radiographic Image Enh | 2015 |
Thyroid malignancy markers on sonography are common in patients with benign thyroid disease and previous iodine deficiency.
Topics: Comorbidity; Denmark; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Female; Humans; Incidence; Iodine; Male; Middle | 2015 |
[Therapy of thyroid nodules].
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Iodine; Iodin | 2015 |
Influence of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Volume and Structure Independent of Iodine in School Children.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Child; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Female; Goiter; Humans; I | 2015 |
Strong association of relatively low and extremely excessive iodine intakes with thyroid cancer in an iodine-replete area.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Iodine; Logistic Models; Male; Mi | 2017 |
Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Its Relationship with Iodine Status in Shanghai: a Population-based Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; | 2016 |
Cost-effective initial assessment strategies for thyroid nodules in iodine-adequate areas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; | 2017 |
Searching for the most effective thyrotropin (TSH) threshold to rule-out autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in iodine deficient regions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; ROC Curve; Th | 2016 |
Identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by in vivo iodine concentration measurement using single-source dual energy CT: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; R | 2016 |
The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in a Moderate Iodine Intake Area.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Iodine; | 2017 |
Iodine status and thyroid nodules in females: a comparison of Cyprus and Romania.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cyprus; Female; Humans; Iodine; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Risk F | 2017 |
The fine-needle aspiration biopsy efficacy of small thyroid nodules in the area of recently normalized iodine supply.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Nodule; Ultraso | 2008 |
A useful ultrasound score to select thyroid nodules requiring fine needle aspiration in an iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hu | 2009 |
Prevalence of TSH receptor and Gsalpha mutations in 45 autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in Japan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromogranins; Codon; Female; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; Humans; Iodine; J | 2009 |
Very high prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by high frequency (13 MHz) ultrasound examination.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Germany; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged | 2009 |
Impact of pregnancy on prevalence of goitre and nodular thyroid disease in women living in a region of borderline sufficient iodine supply.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Europe; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Middle Aged; Parity; P | 2010 |
Thyroid nodule and differentiated thyroid cancer management in pregnancy. An Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian Thyroid Association (AIT) Joint Statement for Clinical Practice.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Humans; Iodine; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pregna | 2010 |
Projected reduction in healthcare costs in Belgium after optimization of iodine intake: impact on costs related to thyroid nodular disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Belgium; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; | 2010 |
[When is thyroid fine-needle biopsy most effective?].
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Germany; G | 2011 |
Nodulogenesis and goitrogenesis.
Topics: Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iodine; Male; | 2011 |
Optimization of iodine intake in Belgium.
Topics: Adult; Belgium; Bread; Child; Female; Food, Fortified; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; I | 2011 |
Does a small difference in iodine status among children in two regions of Belgium translate into a different prevalence of thyroid nodular diseases in adults?
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Belgium; Child; Databases, Factual; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Goiter, N | 2012 |
Influence of long-term statin use in type 2 diabetic patients on thyroid nodularity in iodine-sufficient area.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylgluta | 2011 |
Thyroid disorders in pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age; Humans; Hyperthyroidi | 2011 |
Effect of smoking intensity on thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity and thyroid function: the Melen study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Cell Count; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Female; | 2011 |
[The iodine status in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province 2010].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; China; Drinking Water; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Nu | 2011 |
Five-year change in morphological and functional alterations of the thyroid gland: the Study of Health in Pomerania.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Cohort Studies; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Germany | 2012 |
Status of thyroid function in Indian adults: two decades after universal salt iodization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; | 2012 |
Does smoking affect thyroid gland enlargement and nodule formation in iodine-sufficient regions?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Geography; Goiter; Humans; Hyperplasia; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biol | 2012 |
Association of socioeconomic status with iodine supply and thyroid disorders in northeast Germany.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Female; Food, Fortified; Germany; Goiter; | 2013 |
Impaired glucose metabolism is a risk factor for increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Im | 2013 |
Relations between various measures of iodine intake and thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity, and serum thyroglobulin.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Deficiency Diseases; Denmark; Diet; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged | 2002 |
The study of thyroid diseases in a community not using iodized salt.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; China; Female; Goiter; Health Surveys; Humans; Hyperthyroid | 2002 |
High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; | 2002 |
Low socio-economic status and familial occurrence of goitre are associated with a high prevalence of goitre.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Denmark; Educational Status; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Life Style; Linear M | 2003 |
Is it useful to routinely biopsy hot nodules in iodine deficient areas?
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Female; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Middle Age | 2003 |
Iodine deficiency disorders in the Saratov province in Russia.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Deficiency Diseases; Demography; Endemic Diseases; | 2003 |
Il31 in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, with suggestions as to treatment.
Topics: Disease; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyro | 1957 |
Occurrence of thyroid nodules in children following therapy with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism.
Topics: Child; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infant; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms; Radioisotopes; Thyr | 1959 |
I-131 scannergrmas. The use of I-131 scannergrams in the evaluation of the thyroid nodule.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid | 1961 |
Scintillation scanning in the management of the clinically single thyroid nodule.
Topics: Disease; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radiometry; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid | 1961 |
The effect of iodide on the rate of release of I-131 from autonomous thyroid nodules.
Topics: Adenoma; Humans; Iodides; Iodine; Neoplasms; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule | 1962 |
Thyroid nodules occurring late after treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioiodine.
Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Gland; Thyr | 1962 |
Radioiodine in the evaluation of the thyroid nodule.
Topics: Disease; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radioisotopes; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyro | 1959 |
Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in a former iodine-deficient area commonly harbor gain-of-function mutations in the thyrotropin signaling pathway.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Endemic Diseases; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Greece; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding | 2003 |
[Volume and echostructure of the thyroid and ioduria in an urban population of adults in the southeastern Polish city of Rzeszów].
Topics: Adult; Catchment Area, Health; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Poland; Prevalence | 2004 |
Epidemiology of thyroid microcarcinoma found in autopsy series conducted in areas of different iodine intake.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Carcinoma, Papillary; Feeding Behavior; F | 2005 |
Reference intervals of serum thyroid function tests in a previously iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Female; Geography; Germany; Goiter; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodine; | 2005 |
Questionnaire on management of nodular thyroid disease (Annual Meeting of the Thyroid Section of the German Society of Endocrinology 2003).
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Endocrinology; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Incidence; Iodin | 2005 |
Iodine nutrition, nodular thyroid disease, and urinary iodine excretion in a German university study population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Thyroid Nodule | 2005 |
Prevalence of thyroid nodules in an occupationally radiation exposed group: a cross sectional study in an area with mild iodine deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodine; Ital | 2005 |
[L-thyroxine-iodine combination. Effective therapy in thyroid diseases].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Female; Germany; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; | 2006 |
[Differential struma diagnosis and therapy. Iodine deficiency or cold nodule?].
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Germany; Goiter; Goiter, Endemic; Huma | 2006 |
The incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer in an area of iodine deficiency.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adult; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hyperthyro | 2006 |
The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease, DanThyr: status and perspectives.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemi | 2006 |
Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsalpha mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey.
Topics: Adult; Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Geography; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; Hum | 2006 |
Natural course of benign thyroid nodules in a moderately iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Disease Progression; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Io | 2006 |
Natural course of benign thyroid nodules in a moderately iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Disease Progression; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Io | 2006 |
Natural course of benign thyroid nodules in a moderately iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Disease Progression; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Io | 2006 |
Natural course of benign thyroid nodules in a moderately iodine-deficient area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Disease Progression; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Io | 2006 |
Selenium and goiter prevalence in borderline iodine sufficiency.
Topics: Creatinine; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sel | 2006 |
Iodine deficiency activates antioxidant genes and causes DNA damage in the thyroid gland of rats and mice.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Hydrogen Per | 2007 |
hNIS protein in thyroid: the iodine supply influences its expression and localization.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Goiter; Humans; Iodides; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; | 2007 |
Impaired iodide organification in autonomous thyroid nodules.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodine; Iodine Radiois | 2007 |
A five-year follow-up study of goiter and thyroid nodules in three regions with different iodine intakes in China.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; China; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Goiter; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Iodi | 2008 |
Prevalence of incidental thyroid disease in a relatively low iodine intake area.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Biopsy, Needle; Brazil; Female; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; | 1995 |
Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of autonomous nodule and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.
Topics: Amiodarone; Ethanol; Humans; Injections, Intradermal; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Nodule; Thy | 1994 |
Thyroxine or iodine therapy for thyroid nodules.
Topics: Humans; Iodine; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroxine | 1995 |
Prevalence of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: the importance of routine measurement of serum calcitonin in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Calcitonin; Carcinoma, Medullary; Car | 1995 |
Risk of thyroid nodules in subjects occupationally exposed to radiation: a cross sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Personnel; Humans; Iodine; Male; Medical Staff, | 1995 |
Influence of frequency of previous pregnancies on the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women without clinical evidence of thyroid disease.
Topics: Adult; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Thyr | 1993 |
Small thyroid volumes and normal iodine excretion in Berlin schoolchildren indicate full normalization of iodine supply.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Berlin; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatinine; Diet; Female; Goiter; Humans; Iodine | 1997 |
Na+/I- symporter distribution in human thyroid tissues: an immunohistochemical study.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Graves Disease; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; I | 1998 |
Course of thyroid nodules.
Topics: Germany; Humans; Iodine; Prevalence; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroxine | 1998 |
[Iodine deficiency and pregnancy].
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Humans; Iodine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complic | 1998 |
[Iodine deficiency and iodine prophylaxis experience in Sicily].
Topics: Biomarkers; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Goiter, Endemic; Health Surveys; Humans; Iodates; Iodine; Lon | 1998 |
Analysis of human sodium/iodide symporter, thyroid transcription factor-1, and paired-box-protein-8 gene expression in benign thyroid diseases.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; DNA Primers; DNA-Binding Proteins; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Homeodomain Pr | 1999 |
Thyroid nodules, thyroid function and dietary iodine in the Marshall islands.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Micr | 1999 |
Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Deficiency Diseases; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Male; | 2000 |
Relevance of, and potentiality for, in vivo intrathyroidal iodine determination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Body Composition; Child; Child, Preschool; Fema | 2000 |
Goitre prevalence and thyroid abnormalities at ultrasonography: a comparative epidemiological study in two regions with slightly different iodine status.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Denmark; Female; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Iodine; Male; Middle Aged; Palpation; Prevale | 2000 |
Growth factor expression in cold and hot thyroid nodules.
Topics: Epidermal Growth Factor; Growth Substances; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Iodine; Osmolar Co | 2001 |
Toxic thyroid adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Germany; Goiter, Nodular; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subuni | 2001 |
Alcohol consumption is associated with reduced prevalence of goitre and solitary thyroid nodules.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional S | 2001 |
Non-palpable thyroid nodules in a borderline iodine-sufficient area: detection by ultrasonography and follow-up.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Italy | 2001 |
[Ultrasonic assessment of thyroid nodules, and iodine status of French adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study].
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Cohort Studies; Female; France; Genetic Variation; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; | 2001 |
[Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in iodine deficiency].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyr | 2002 |
[Prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid carcinoma with diameter less than one centimetre in iodine deficiency areas].
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Biopsy, Needle; Calcinosis; Carcinoma, Medullary; Carcinoma, Papillary; | 2002 |
Hot nodules in children and adolescents in western Poland from 1996 to 2000: clinical analysis of 31 patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy, Needle; Child; Cohort Studies; Diet; Female; Humans; Iodine; Male; Poland; Radio | 2002 |
Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biopsy, Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Iodine; Italy; Male; Mi | 1992 |
Inter-relationships between selenium and thyroid hormone metabolism in the rat and man.
Topics: Animals; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutathione Peroxidase; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypert | 1991 |