intrinsic-factor and Stomach-Neoplasms

The value of cimetidine in treatment of duodenal ulcer and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome appears to be well established. The drug has been enthusiastically embraced and widely used by practicing physicians. As with virtually all drugs used in the practice of medicine, cimetidine is not without its adverse effects. In some instances these effects may result from actions of cimetidine on H2-receptors on many widely distributed and diverse cells other than parietal cells, to which its potent acid-inhibiting properties are directed. Other adverse effects of cimetidine may be idiosyncratic, and, therefore, not predictable on a pharmacologic basis. In some instances the mechanisms responsible for cimetidine's adverse effects hav e yet to be defined. An assortment of abnormalities reported in patients receiving cimetidine have been suggested, but not proven, to represent adverse effects of the drug. Considering its extremely wide use, serious toxicity with cimetidine is rare. However, no potent drug, including cimetidine, used in the practice of medicine is without its adverse effects. Recognizing the present and projected extensive and probably long-term use of cimetidine, physicians and surgeons treating patients with cimetidine must maintain continued surveillance in order to detect and clarify potential undesired consequences of cimetidine administration.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Animals; Bone Marrow; Central Nervous System; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cimetidine; Creatinine; Duodenal Ulcer; Endocrine Glands; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Guanidines; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Intrinsic Factor; Liver; Pancreatitis; Receptors, Histamine H2; Risk; Stomach Neoplasms; Transaminases

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Antibodies; Autoantibodies; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Schilling Test; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Amino Acids; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Carbohydrates; Embryo, Mammalian; Endopeptidases; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Fatty Acids; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Mast Cells; Metaplasia; Rats; RNA; Stomach Neoplasms; United States

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Atrophy; Autoimmune Diseases; Capillaries; Chronic Disease; Dyspepsia; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Hypertrophy; Intrinsic Factor; Metaplasia; Mitosis; Pentagastrin; Pepsin A; Peptic Ulcer; Pyloric Antrum; Radiography; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Diseases; Vagotomy

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Burns, Chemical; Celiac Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Intrinsic Factor; Peptic Ulcer; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Antibodies; Autoradiography; Chronic Disease; Depression, Chemical; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Histamine; Humans; Insulin; Intrinsic Factor; Methods; Protein Binding; Radioisotopes; Stimulation, Chemical; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Acute Disease; Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Blood Group Antigens; Duodenal Ulcer; Electrolytes; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastritis; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Intrinsic Factor; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Pepsin A; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) are reported to have an increased risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we assess the characteristics and outcomes of GC patients with AIG in a multicenter case-control study.. Between April 2013 and May 2017, patients with GC, including cancers of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) Siewert type II and III, were recruited. Patients with histological characteristics of AIG were identified and matched in a 1:2 fashion for age and gender to GC patients with no AIG. Presenting symptoms were documented using a self-administered questionnaire.. Pernicious anemia leads to earlier diagnosis of GC in AIG patients and contributes significantly to a better clinical outcome.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms

Primary gastric cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Often patients remain asymptomatic until it is detected at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Thus, it's characteristically difficult to initially diagnose until it becomes late stage, at which point prognosis becomes poor. Pernicious anemia is a classic risk factor for the development of primary gastric cancer, but is uncommonly seen in clinical practice. Over time, patients who produce the autoantibodies to intrinsic factor that cause pernicious anemia typically will present initially with clinically significant megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathy. However, patients can also present with more nonspecific signs and symptoms. Thus, clinicians should remain vigilant as circulating anti-intrinsic factor antibodies only worsen the disease over time and increase the risk of developing primary gastric cancer. This report not only presents the rare concurrent diagnosis of pernicious anemia and gastric cancer, but also aims to increase clinical awareness of these two conditions' classic association because early diagnosis and treatment significantly impacts morbidity and mortality.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoantibodies; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Stomach Neoplasms

Surveillance of intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric mucosa should be limited to patients at high risk of gastric cancer. Patients with extensive IM are at increased cancer risk; however, the intragastric extent of IM is usually unknown at the time of the initial diagnosis.. To assess the predictive value of clinical, histologic, and serologic parameters for the intragastric extent of IM.. Prospective, multicenter study.. Eighty-eight patients with a previous diagnosis of IM of the gastric mucosa.. Surveillance gastroscopy with extensive random biopsy sampling.. Biopsy specimens were evaluated according to the Sydney classification system. In addition, serologic testing of Helicobacter pylori and cagA status, pepsinogens I and II, gastrin, and intrinsic factor antibodies was performed. The association between the available parameters and extensive IM was evaluated with logistic regression analysis.. In 51 patients (58%), IM was present in the biopsy specimens from at least 2 intragastric locations. The most important predictors of extensive IM were a family history of gastric cancer, alcohol use > or = 1 unit/d (1 glass, approximately 10 mL or 8 g ethanol), moderate or marked IM of the index biopsy specimen, and a pepsinogen I to II ratio < 3.0. A simple risk score based on these factors could identify extensive IM in 24 of 25 patients (sensitivity 96%).. A prospective cohort study should confirm the proposed risk stratification.. A risk score of clinical, histologic, and serologic parameters can predict extensive intragastric IM and may serve as a practical tool to select patients for surveillance endoscopy in routine clinical practice.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Biopsy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Pepsinogen A; Pepsinogen C; Precancerous Conditions; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Young Adult

Loss of gastric parietal cells is a critical precursor to gastric metaplasia and neoplasia. However, the origin of metaplasia remains obscure. Acute parietal cell loss in gastrin-deficient mice treated with DMP-777 leads to the rapid emergence of spasmolytic polypeptide/trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2)-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) from the bases of fundic glands. We now sought to characterize more definitively the pathway for emergence of SPEM.. Emerging SPEM lineages in gastrin-deficient mice treated with DMP-777 were examined for immunolocalization of TFF2, intrinsic factor, and Mist1, and morphologically with electron microscopy. Emerging SPEM was isolated with laser-capture microdissection and RNA was analyzed using gene microarrays. Immunohistochemistry in mouse and human samples was used to confirm up-regulated transcripts.. DMP-777-induced SPEM was immunoreactive for TFF2 and the differentiated chief cell markers, Mist1 and intrinsic factor, suggesting that SPEM derived from transdifferentiation of chief cells. Microarray analysis of microdissected SPEM lineages induced by DMP-777 showed up-regulation of transcripts associated with G1/S cell-cycle transition including minichromosome maintenance deficient proteins, as well as a number of secreted factors, including human epididymis 4 (HE4). HE4, which was absent in the normal stomach, was expressed in SPEM of human and mouse and in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in human beings.. Although traditionally metaplasia was thought to originate from normal mucosal progenitor cells, these studies indicate that SPEM evolves through either transdifferentiation of chief cells or activation of a basal cryptic progenitor. In addition, induction of metaplasia elicits the expression of secreted factors, such as HE4, relevant to gastric preneoplasia.

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; beta-Defensins; Carrier Proteins; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chief Cells, Gastric; DNA-Binding Proteins; Epididymal Secretory Proteins; Fetal Proteins; Gastric Fundus; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Intrinsic Factor; Metaplasia; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3; Mucins; Muscle Proteins; Nuclear Proteins; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Peptides; Precancerous Conditions; Stomach Neoplasms; Trefoil Factor-2

Cobalamin-binding protein (binder) in gastric juice was studied as a biochemical marker of gastric cancer. Fasting gastric juice of cancer patients and controls with benign disease was used for separation of cobalamin binders by gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Physicochemical properties of the binder in gastric cancer patients were shown to have a larger molecular size and more acidic isoelectric point than the control binder. The binder was found in the gastric juice of all patients with early gastric cancer. Detection of the binder may be clinically valuable as a possible marker in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Topics: Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Fasting; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Isoelectric Point; Molecular Weight; Stomach Neoplasms; Transcobalamins

The Authors show and discuss the classification proposed till now for dividing chronic atrophic gastritis into subtypes different in hystological, functional or immunological aspects. In accordance with the more recent reports, the classification into type A, type B and type AB is accepted. Genetical (factor A) and environmental agents (alcohol, smoke, drugs) as well as immunological (parietal and gastrin cell antibodies) and functional abnormalities (duodenogastric reflux), suggested to play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis, are also re-examined. Finally, dynamic aspects of chronic atrophic gastritis and its association with anemia and gastric carcinoma are widely reviewed.

Topics: Age Factors; Antibodies; Chronic Disease; Gastritis; Gastritis, Atrophic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Precancerous Conditions; Sex Factors; Smoking; Stomach Neoplasms; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Binding, Competitive; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reference Values; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Female; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Chronic Disease; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Gastritis, Atrophic; Genetic Markers; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Pedigree; Stomach Neoplasms

Three hundred and one first-degree relatives (series) of 73 gastric carcinoma patients and 358 control relatives (controls) of 73 computer-matched probands from a general population were studied by direct-vision gastric biopsy and functional and immunological examinations. The controls were representative of the series with respect to age, sex, birth and dwelling place, and relationship of the relatives. Series and controls behaved similarly as to total prevalence of gastritis, age and sex distribution of gastritis, serum gastrin level, and circulating gastric antibodies. On the other hand, the total prevalence of hyperplastic polyps, atrophic gastritis of the body and antrum, severe atrophic gastritis of the body, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial atypia, and achlorhydria was significantly higher in the series than in the controls. In subjects below 50 years of age the prevalence of severe atrophic gastritis of the body, intestinal metaplasia, and epithelial atypia was also significantly higher in the series. In addition, the mean age of the subjects with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial atypia, and achlorhydria was lower in the series than in controls; however, significant differences were found only in female subjects with epithelial atypia and atrophic gastritis of the body. The results suggest that the prevalence of signs often considered premalignant is significantly higher in carcinoma relatives than in controls and that these signs show a trend to occur at an earlier age in carcinoma relatives. This could explain the significantly higher than expected death rate from gastric carcinoma in close relatives with this disease, found in the present and in other series.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Achlorhydria; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies; Endoscopy; Epithelium; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Intestines; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Electrolytes; Enzymes; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Pentagastrin; Pepsinogens; Peptic Ulcer; Secretory Rate; Stomach Neoplasms; Vagus Nerve; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

261 subjects with a normal body mucosa or with superficial gastritis used as controls for an atrophic gastritis series have been followed up for 23--27 years. Of them, 41 died during the earlier and 63 during the present follow-up period. In all, 141 subjects were reexamined in 1976--1977 and 16 answered a questionnaire. None of the subjects had gastric carcinoma or an adenomatous polyp. One patient diagnosed and reported earlier had died of gastric carcinoma during the present period of observation. Of the subjects with normal body mucosa 58% had developed superficial and 14% atrophic gastritis. Of those with superficial body gastritis 42% had developed atrophic gastritis and 18% showed an improvement of the gastritic changes. It should be noted, however, that earlier examinations were performed with blind biopsy and the present with direct vision gastroscopic biopsy. The state of the antral and body mucosa was similar in 53%, antral changes dominated in 33% and the changes in the body in 14%. Intestinal metaplasia was found in 36%, atypical epithelium in 6%, parietal cell antibodies in 0.5% and intrinsic factor antibodies in 0.5%. The fasting serum gastrin level was above 100 ng/ml in 10%. Only 2 cases fulfilled the morphological, functional and immunological criteria of type A gastritis. The present controls differed from the atrophic gastritis series in that the topography of gastritis was different and in that the incidence of metaplasia, atypia, gastric antibodies and high serum gastrin levels was markedly lower.

Topics: Antibodies; Atrophy; Biopsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Gastroscopy; Humans; Intestines; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Pyloric Antrum; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors

The transplantable argyrophilic gastric carcinoids producing histamine found in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis contained no significant amount of vitamin B12-binding proteins. It was also demonstrated that the concentration of vitamin B12-binding proteins in glandular stomach of mastomys was much lower than those in the same tissues of the rat or mouse.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoid Tumor; Carrier Proteins; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Rodentia; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Afferent Loop Syndrome; Anemia, Macrocytic; Diarrhea; Dumping Syndrome; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intrinsic Factor; Mucus; Osteoporosis; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vomiting

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leiomyoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Remission, Spontaneous; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitiligo

Topics: Aged; Antibodies; Atrophy; Biopsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastritis; Humans; Intestinal Polyps; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Pyloric Antrum; Stomach; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Duodenal Ulcer; Erythrocytes; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Leiomyoma; Methods; Middle Aged; Pepsin A; Postoperative Complications; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Duodenal Ulcer; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Peptides; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

The prevalence of circulating antibodies to gastric intrinsic factor and parietal cells was examined in 60 patients with histologically proven gastric carcinoma and was found not to differ from the prevalence of these antibodies in control subjects of similar age and sex distribution.Amongst the 60 patients with gastric carcinoma seven were thought to have actual or potential pernicious anaemia. The absence of an increased prevalence of antigastric antibodies in gastric carcinoma indicates that gastritis itself, whether autoimmune or not, is the likely common denominator underlying the predisposition to gastric carcinoma in both pernicious anaemia and chronic atrophic gastritis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Female; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Achlorhydria; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Female; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Intrinsic Factor; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Ovarian Neoplasms; Sex Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12; Xylose

Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus; Duodenal Ulcer; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Middle Aged; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia, Pernicious; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Radioimmunoassay; Stimulation, Chemical; Stomach; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Achlorhydria; Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Antibody Formation; Autoantibodies; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Histamine Release; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Cobalt Isotopes; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Iron; Male; Peptic Ulcer; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Cobalt Isotopes; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Atrophy; Complement System Proteins; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Globulins; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intrinsic Factor; Metaplasia; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anemia, Pernicious; Carbachol; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Gastric Juice; Histamine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Duodenal Ulcer; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Peptic Ulcer; Secretory Rate; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Male; Middle Aged; Secretory Rate; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Secretory Rate; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Erythrocyte Count; Escherichia coli; Female; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Spinal Cord Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Antibodies; Cobalt Isotopes; Gastric Juice; Haplorhini; Humans; Immunoassay; Intrinsic Factor; Peptic Ulcer; Protein Binding; Rats; Species Specificity; Stomach Neoplasms; Swine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chromatography; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzyme Precursors; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Peptide Hydrolases; Secretory Rate; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Pernicious; Antibodies; Cobalt Isotopes; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastritis; Histamine; Humans; Immunoassay; Intrinsic Factor; Middle Aged; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Pernicious; Biomedical Research; Corrinoids; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastritis; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Research; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Animals; Cobalt Isotopes; Electrophoresis; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Intrinsic Factor; Pathology; Peptic Ulcer; Rats; Research; Saliva; Stomach Neoplasms; Urine; Vagus Nerve; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Biological Assay; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Biological Assay; Blood; Cobalt Isotopes; Gastrectomy; Gastric Acidity Determination; Geriatrics; Histamine; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Lactobacillus; Liver; Lymphoma; Schilling Test; Stomach Neoplasms; Urine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia, Pernicious; Duodenum; Gastric Fistula; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Neoplasms; Polyps; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Atrophy; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastritis; Gastritis, Atrophic; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Polyps; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Vitamin B 12